• Nutritional Sciences
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.98-103
• /
• 2001

The aim of this study was to determine the association between, smoking, exercise, sex, and dietary carotenoids ($\alpha$-carotene, $\beta$-carotene, $\beta$-cryptoxanthin, lutein + zeaxanthin, lycopne) intake in Korean middle-aged adults. Food-frequency questionnaire were analyzed from 304 healthy adults (115 men, 189 women) aged 20 - 59. The self-administered questionnaire contained subject s habitual diet and alcohol intake were the previous 3 months. Data on frequency of 102 foods, including vegetables, fruits, beverages and legumes were analyzed. Total dietary carotenoids intake were 27.13 $\pm$ 3.09 mg/d for men and 26.71$\pm$ 2.82 mg/d for women. It was found that smoking had no significant contribution to the dietary intake of carotenoids. Among other lifestyle factors that had significant correlation was the amount of exercise time. The increases in exercise time was associated with increase in carotenoids intake (r= 0.121, p : 0.04). The major contributors of $\alpha$-carotene and $\beta$-carotene were carrots consumed as single-food item or carrot juice. Lutein and Zeaxanthin intake mainly came from spinach and most lycopene intake was derived from tomato products not fresh tomatoes. Persimmon was the major contributor of $\beta$-cryptoxanthin. These findings provide valuable information on understanding the unique pattern of dietary intake of Korean, which might help identify the risks for developing various diseases.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.12 no.4
• /
• pp.349-356
• /
• 2014

This research is aimed to prove if harmful effects of smoking, as the main reason for recently elevated blood vessel disease, could be reduced by aerobic exercise, and identify the positive effects of the aerobic exercise on smokers' blood vessel health(blood pressure, pulse pressure, and blood vessel elasticity. Experiments were performed on 40 male smokers aged between 40 and 55, which was equally divided into two groups of Aerobic Exercise Group (AEG) and Non Exercise Group (NEG). After measuring each group's blood pressure, pulse pressure, and blood vessel elasticity, AEG practiced aerobic exercise program for 50 minutes for each trial, three times a week, sustaining 12 weeks while NEG continued daily-life patterns without any special treatment. In 12 weeks, blood pressure, pulse pressure, and blood vessel elasticity of both groups were measured as the same way. As a result, the difference of systolic blood pressure between the two groups was not significant, while that of diastolic blood pressure was meaningful. The difference of pulse pressure between the two groups was meaningful, and that of blood vessel elasticity was also meaningful in all measuring points including left hand, right hand, left foot and right foot. As a consequent, it was found that aerobic exercise had positive effects on middle aged male smokers' blood vessel health.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.21 no.7
• /
• pp.144-156
• /
• 2021

This study was conducted to explore important factors to consider when designing voice-based psychological counseling agents amid the increasing use of conversational agents in counseling and psychotherapy. 48 participants selected their preferred agent's voice among four types (young women and men, middle-aged women and men) and had a conversation with a psychological counseling agent. They also evaluated the reasons for voice selection, mood changes, perception of the agent's characteristics, and counseling outcomes. As a results, the agent's voice type selected according to the user's gender was not statistically significant. However, the qualitative analysis showed 'comfort' of the voice was an important factor. Next, the user's mood improved significantly after the conversation with the agent, which confirmed the intervention effect. Finally, it was found that expertness and attractiveness perceptions toward the agent contributed to the counseling outcomes. The implications of the study and suggestions for future research were discussed.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.19 no.11
• /
• pp.1568-1574
• /
• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether group III muscle afferents play an important role eliciting abnormal blood pressure response mediated during passive muscle stretch in prehypertensive individuals. Eleven middle-aged prehypertensive men (average BP 133/80 mmHg) and nine middle-aged normotensive men (average BP 119/74 mmHg) participated in this study. After 1 min rest baseline data collection, the subject's foot was flexed (dorsiflexion) by an automated cybex for one minute. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), heart rate, stroke volume, cardiac output, and total peripheral resistance were continuously measured on a beat-by-beat basis from a finger via a Finapres device for 1 minute. To evaluate the role of mechanoreflex, a component of exercise pressor reflex, SBP, DBP, and MAP responses over the course of time were examined. The results showed that the pressor response mediated by the muscle mechanoreflex was faster in prehypertensive individuals compared to the normotensive individuals. The substantial pressor response was observed within mean 20 sec of the onset of passive stretch in prehypertension, while mean 45 sec in normotension (p<0.05). It is concluded that excessive pressor response produced during exercise in prehypertension may be due to the dysfunction of the mechano-receptors.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
• /
• v.27 no.3
• /
• pp.223-244
• /
• 2022

Objectives: This study was designed to investigate the relationship between metabolic risk factors, Index of Nutrition Quality, and the dietary quality index score of Korean adults. Methods: The subjects were 18,652 Korean adults aged 19 years or older (7,899 males, 10,753 females) who participated in the 2016-2019 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Subjects were divided into normal, pre-metabolic syndrome, and metabolic syndrome (MetS) groups according to the number of their metabolic risk factors. Data were analyzed using the SPSS program. Results: About 44.7% of men in the MetS group were at least college graduates (P < 0.001), whereas 52.0% of women in the MetS group were middle school graduates or lower (P < 0.001). The frequency of fruit and dairy products intake tended to decrease as the number of metabolic risk factors increased in both men and women (P for trend < 0.001). As the number of metabolic risk factors decreased, the frequency of grain intake tended to decrease in men (P for trend < 0.001) while the frequency of intake of red meat (P for trend = 0.001), poultry (P for trend < 0.001), and eggs (P for trend < 0.001) decreased in women. The total scores of Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I) (men P < 0.001, women P < 0.01) and Korean Healthy Eating Index (KHEI) (men and women P < 0.001) were significantly lower in the MetS group compared to the other groups, and the total score of DQI-I and KHEI tended to decrease as the number of metabolic risk factors increased. Conclusions: Dietary quality evaluation using various indices can provide more information on the dietary problems related to metabolic risk factors. Nutrients and foods that have been confirmed to be related to metabolic risk factors can be used to develop dietary guidelines for the nutritional management of metabolic diseases.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.39 no.8
• /
• pp.773-785
• /
• 2006

Vitamin E in the body system plays an important role in preventing chronic diseases by decreasing the oxidative stress by free-radicals. However, there are not enough researches on analyzing the primary factors affecting vitamin E levels in the blood in Korean adults. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to examine blood tocopherol levels and the primary factors affecting the status. A complete lifestyle survey was performed on 314 Korean adult men and surveyed their smoking, drinking and exercising habits. The average plasma level of ${\alpha}-\;and\;{\gamma}-tocopherol$ showed similar mutual relations with plasma total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), or low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels (p<0.001). Plasma ${\alpha}-tocopherol$ level of the subjects did not show any difference as smoking, drinking and exercising habits changed. However, ${\gamma}-tocopherol$ per TG showed much lower figure in smokers than non smokers (p < 0.05). Amongst diet factors, plasma ${\alpha}-tocopherol$ level showed negative correlations with Vitamin E intake, while ${\gamma}-tocopherol$ level showed positive correlations with Vitamin E intake. Erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and plasma tocopherol showed negative correlations, and catalase activity and plasma ${\alpha}-tocopherol$ showed positive correlationship. The level of cell DNA damage of Iymphocyte and plasma ${\alpha}-\;or\;{\gamma}-tocopherol$ showed negative correlations. As a result of this research, the factors that affect Korean adult men's plasma ${\alpha}-tocopherol$ level are plasma TG, LDL-C and cell DNA damage in Iymphocyte, while the factors that affect ${\gamma}-tocopherol$ level are plasma TG, LDL-C and vitamin E intake based on multiple regression analysis. These findings implies that the level of different types of tocopherol depends on slightly different factors. A further research is needed on the factors involved in the differentiation of the types of tocopherol.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.9-31
• /
• 1987

This study was conducted because of the investigator's concern for the high incidence and fatal nature of cancer in prime years of human life. The purpose of this study was to investigate risk factors on compilance for preventive health behavior of cancer. The data on which the analysis was based come from a survey of 828 married men & women, 40-59 years old. The instrument of the study were 'Health Belief Model' by Becker. The Data was analyzed using X--test, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's Correlation Coefficient, Stepwise Multiple Regression. The followings were the result; 1. The examined group had a higher scores than the non-examined group in health belief variables. (p<0.001) 2. The higher level of health belief variables, the higher level of compliance for preventive health behavior is. (p<0.001) 3. The Stepwise Multiple Regression of compliance for preventive health behavior on the variables in the health belief model; Approximataly 65.5% of the variance of compliance for preventive health behavior was accounted for by health concern, susceptibility and barriers in combination. This meant that other factors seemed to influence preventive health behavior since the linear combination of variables failed to explain the remaining 34.5% of preventive health behavior of cancer. It tended to cost doubt on the usefulness of 5 variables in this model. Therefore further study to investigate the influential factors preventive health behavior of cancer is necessary.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.38 no.1
• /
• pp.16-24
• /
• 2005

Objectives : To help develop strategies to cope with the changes arising from the rapid aging process by predicting the determining factors of intention to actual use of the charged long-term care services for elderly as perceived by the middle aged who play the major role of supports. Methods : Subjects were the parents (men 177, women 507) in their 40s of the students selected from a university of Busan city. A questionnaire survey was conducted for 4 weeks in October 2003 about the knowledge for long-term care service, the intention of actual use, and the preferences about the type of service suppliers. Data analysis was performed with frequency, chi-square test, and t-test using SPSS program (ver 10.0K), along with data mining using decision tree of Enterprise Miner V8.2 by SAS. Results : About half of the subjects (53.7%) had the actual experiences of elderly supports. Intentions to use the charged services were relatively high in home visiting nursing care service (40.1%) and long-term care facilities service (40.4%), and were influenced by previous knowledge about the services. The intentions were stronger in women, those with higher education, and those with greater income levels. Actual elderly supports were mostly (80%) done by women, and the perceived burdens for the supports were bigger in women and those of lower socioeconomic level. Desired charges were about 10,000 won for the bath service, 20,000 won for the rests services per day, and about 500,000 won for the long-term care facilities service per month. From the result of decision tree analysis, the job professionalism was the most important determining factor of intention to actual use of the services with validation as $63{\sim}71%$. Health and welfare mixed type facilities were preferred, and the most important consideration was the level of professionalism. Conclusions : Intention to actual use of the charged services was largely determined by the aspects of time and cost. Polices to increase the number of service suppliers and to decrease the burdens perceived by actual supporters were strongly recommended.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.45-58
• /
• 1991

The purpose of this study was to investigate determinants of stop smoking. The data on which the analysis was based come from a survey of 355 middle-aged men in Seoul. The data was analyzed using proportion, x²-test, Pearson's Correlation Coefficient and Stepwise Multiple Regression. The following were the results; 1. Success rate of stop smoking is 19.9% of 229 persons who attempted to quit smoking. 2. As for the number of quit attempts, 33.3% of ex-smokers tried once; 25.4% of current smokers tried twice. 3. As for methods of quit attempts ex-smokers showed higher tendency in using will power and books/guides than current smokers who in using will power alone. 4. For the attitudes on smoking of family, the majority of ex-smokers and current smokers were opposed absolutely. 5. The main opposite to smoking were wives in cases of both ex-smokers and current smokers, but More ex-smokers answered that the main opposite to smoking were others than current smokers. 6. As for the measures of smoking in the office, more ex-smokers answered inviting than current smokers and more current smokers assigned a smoking spot than ex-smokers. 7. Majority of ex-smokers approve of restriction at public spot strongly. 8. As for the attitude about caution on a cigarette case, more ex-smokers insisted than current smokers. 9. There was a relation between the degree of exposure about knowledge and the degree of knowledge. 10. Stepwise Multiple Regression portray that following factors influence stop smoking in order named. (1) attitude on the smoking restriction at public spot, (2) methods of quit attempt, (3) attitude about caution on cigarette case. Even so, it turned out that these factors alone can explain only 20% of self-examination. Therefore study for the other factors ought to be continued. I submit following suggestions ending this study. 1. Continuous study of the other factors affecting stop smoking must be carried on. 2. Since there was a relation the degree of exposure about knowledge and the degree of knowledge, efficient health education is required using campaign and mass media.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
• /
• v.9 no.4
• /
• pp.366-371
• /
• 1996

The purpose of this study was to investigate blood pressure and blood constituents in middle-aged men obesity. All the measurements were taken from 1524(obese 453, control 1071) man's subjects. The body mass index BMI in obese group and control was 26.6$\pm$1.4kg/$m^2$ and 22.2$\pm$1.9kg/$m^2$ respectively. The mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure in obese group were significantly higher than control(p<0.001). The concentrations of serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and atherogenic index in obese group were 202.1$\pm$34.7mg/dl, 210.0$\pm$121.8mg/dl, 43.4$\pm$10.3mg/dl, 116.7$\pm$33.5mg/dl, 3.8$\pm$1.2, respectively. There was significance in the relation between cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol and BMI. The frequency of dyslipidemia (hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia) in obese group was significantly more than control(p<0.001).