• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.1-23
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• 2007

This study provides basic materials that assist in marital counselling and marital therapy intervention through its analysis of the effects of marital communication and marital intimacy on psychological well-being and its systematic focus on middle-aged married men and women of social interest and importance. The subjects of this study were married men and women, aged 40 to 59, living in the metropolitan areas of Seoul and Kyeonggi; the study excluded those who were divorced, bereaved or whose last child was in over high school, but included those who were separated or in a second marriage. A total of 396 people, 134 men and 262 women, were included in the study. The major findings of this study are as follows. First, middle-aged married men recorded higher levels of marital communication and marital intimacy than middle-aged married women. While women showed higher levels of depression than men, there was no difference between men and women in terms of overall life satisfaction. Second, there were differences in marital communication, marital intimacy, and psychological well-being among middle-aged married men and women according to background variables. Third, marital communication and marital intimacy were shown to affect the life satisfaction of both middle-aged married men and women. Of the two, marital communication had more the influence. Marital communication also had the biggest influence on levels of depression among both middle-aged married men and women.

• 한국가정과학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.25-42
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate how the married middle-aged married men and women describe their own gender-role attitude, mid-life crisis and psychological adjustment, including search components as both middle-aged men and women's income, and education with occupation. Psychological adjustment was composed of mid-life crisis, depression, and perceived happiness, These data were collected from 397 married, middle aged men and women from 40 years to 59 years-old by using self-administered questionnaire method, The summarized results of the study are as follows: First of all, the middle-aged men's gender-role attitudes were more traditional gender-role attitudes 'than of women's. Second, in general characteristic, the men were different according to education, However, the women's gender-role attitudes were different according to ages, a period of marriage, education, income, and occupation. Third, in psychological adjustment, the men had significant differences in income. And, the women had significant differences in ages, a period of marriage, education, income, and occupation. Finally, the men and women's gender-role attitudes were positively correlated with mid-life crisis and depression, and were negatively correlated with happiness. And, the women's gender-role attitudes were positively correlated with psychological adjustment.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.35-51
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to assess middle-aged married men and women's access to family resources (economic and relationship) and to examine how this affects their life satisfaction. Data were drawn from the second wave of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing (KLoSA). The sample consisted of 3,265 middle-aged married men and women aged between 45 and 60, who had children. The collected data were analyzed using multiple regression, ANOVA and the Scheff$\acute{e}$ctest using SPSS 18.0 The results showed that there was significant difference between men and women in terms of their access to economic and human relationship resources. In addition, the life satisfaction of the middle-aged was found to be significantly predicted by their access to economic and human relationship resources. In particular, the life satisfaction of group (A), who had low economic resource access but high family relationship satisfaction, was found to be higher than that of group (B), who had access to high economic resources but had low family relationship satisfaction This result indicated that there was an interaction effect between family resources. A number of policy implications were made.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.71-94
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to propose measures for social work practice to enhance the happiness of middle-aged married men and women by identifying the effects of family stress and social support resources (formal and informal support resources) on marital satisfaction among mid-life married couples. Subjects were selected through purposive sampling among married men and women aged between 40 and 59 and living in Seoul City and Gyeonggi province. The study results are follows. First, the average score of family stress was 3.06 points (SD=.56), slightly higher than the median value of 3 points. Of all subscales of family stress, the subjects experienced the most stress from family relationships, followed by financial problems, health and loss of families, and work-family compatibility. In regard to social support resources, the mean value of all social support resources categories was greater than the median. Among the subscales, informal support (family support and support from other people) was found to be higher than formal support. The level of marital satisfaction was higher than the median, and the score was 3.21 points (SD=.78). Second, in order to explore differences in marital satisfaction according to family stress and social support, differences in marital satisfaction were analyzed by grouping subjects who scored high, middle, and low levels of marital satisfaction. According to the results, marital satisfaction was statistically significantly higher in the group that experienced less family stress (F=6.25, p<.01). With respect to social support, marital satisfaction was statistically significantly higher in the group that received high social support (F=29.68, p<.001). Third, according to the analysis of factors affecting marital satisfaction in middle-aged married men and women, subjective economic status, family relationship stress, economic stress, and family support showed statistical significance. The higher the subjective economic status and the lower the family relationship stress and economic stress levels, the higher the marital satisfaction among middle-aged married men and women. In addition, the greater the family support, the higher the marital satisfaction. The results of this study underscore the need to improve family relationships in middle-aged married couples and to distribute family life education programs that can strengthen family support resources. For example, family relationship enhancement programs are currently performed, including "Family School for Middle-Aged Baby Boomers" and others as part of the Healthy Family Support Work regarding the promotion of marital satisfaction of middle-aged couples. In addition, continuing effort is warranted to include content on strengthening family support resources, maximizing the effectiveness of programs, and promoting service accessibility.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.107-126
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships of married middle-aged men and women's gender-role identity, marital conflicts and psychological adjustment. Psychological adjustment was composed of mid life crisis, depression, and perceived happiness. The data of the study were collected from 397 married, middle aged men and women from 40 years to 59 years-old by using self-administered questionnaire method. The results showed that gender role identity was different according to sex. In addition, women's perceived level of marital conflict was found to be significantly different according to their gender role identity, indicating that androgynous women reported the lowest level of marital conflict. However, men's gender role conflict was not related to their marital conflict. Furthermore, men's psychological adjustment level was not different according to their gender role identity, while women's psychological adjustment differed, indicating that androgynous women reported the lowest level of psychological adjustment and the undifferentiated women the highest level of psychological adjustment. Finally, the result indicated that for both men and men, marital conflict were positively correlated with mid-crisis and depression, and negatively related with happiness.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.103-114
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• 2012

This paper aims to investigate changes in Korean family structures by reflecting on the perception of traditional family rites and family systems. In-depth interviews were conducted with 17 married middle-aged men (9) and women (8) who had at least one child. Findings were as follows: First, both married middle aged men and women internalized Confucianism. They thought that the head of household, who was male as far as possible, was needed for the formation of a normal family. In addition, both of married middle-aged men and women recognized married women as outsiders based on Chul-ga-we-in-sa-sang. And they put parents-children relationships ahead of couple relationships and supported Jang-ja-woo-dae-sang-sok (privileging the eldest son over the other children in terms of the distribution of family resources and inheritance based on Confucianism). However, there were some differences to support the use of Hang-ryul-ja, which is based on expressing the character of generation by sharing the first name, and the importance of Jok-bo. which is based on traditional family genealogical records. Second, even though women internalized Confucianism, they did not attach traditional meanings to memorial services for ancestors to the extent that men did and defined family members as a procreation family boundaries unlike men, who defined family boundary as original family members and procreation family members. In conclusion, even though family laws and culture have evolved from the patrilineal family system to one which promotes gender equality, married men and women internalize Confucianism. Instead, some transformations are evident from the perspective of females in terms of memorial services for ancestors and family boundaries.

• 한국인구학
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.103-131
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• 2012

최근 이혼과 미혼이 증가하고 사별이 감소하여서 40대와 50대 혼인상태 분포가 과거보다 훨씬 다양해졌다. 이러한 혼인상태가 건강에 매우 중요한 변수이다. 그러나 한국에서는 중년들의 혼인상태에 따른 건강 차이에 대한 연구가 별로 없는 실정이었다. 본 논문은 2010년 사회조사 자료를 분석하여 중년들의 혼인상태에 따른 건강행위와 건강상태 차이를 살펴보았다. 그런데 많은 연구들이 혼인상태가 미치는 영향은 남녀에 따라 다르다고 주장하고 있다. 그래서 본 연구는 혼인상태가 미치는 영향이 성별에 따라 다른지 확인 한다. 분석결과 대체로 비기혼자들이 기혼자들에 비해 건강에 긍정적인 행위를 덜 했으며 건강에 해가 되는 행위는 더 하는 편이었다. 그리고 비기혼자들이 기혼자에 비해 육체적 건강과 정신적 건강도 더 나빴다. 그런데 성별에 따른 차이를 본 결과 비혼인 상태의 부정적 영향은 남성에게 더욱 심하였다. 이혼한 남성과 사별한 남성은 이혼여성에 비해 건강검진을 덜 받고 있으며 흡연을 더욱 많이 하고 있다. 반면 비혼인 여성들은 몇몇 지표에 있어서는 기혼자들과 별다른 차이가 없기도 했다. 특히나 미혼인 여성들은 삶에 대한 만족도가 다른 비기혼자들은 물론 기혼자들보다 월등히 높은 편이다.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제10권1호통권19호
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• pp.207-228
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• 1992

This study investigated the relationship between personality characteristics of individual and adjustment in the mid-life. The subjects of the study consisted of 374 married persons(185 men and 189 women) who live in Seoul and are 40 to 50 years old and whose last child is in middle school. Bem's short form BSRI, Rotter(1966)'s Internal-External Scale and Hayes & Stinnett(1977)'s MYLSS were used as measurements tools. The major results of the study were summarized as follows ; 1) While sex-role identity of middle aged men appeared in the follwing order ; Androgynous, masculine, undifferentiated, feminine, sec-role identity of middle aged women appeared in the following order ; Undifferentiated, androgynous, feminine, masculine. Both men and women had the moderate scores on the locus of control. The middle aged expressed a moderate level of life satisfaction with middle aged men reporting significantly a higher life satisfaction than did women. 2) Socio-demographic variables such as age, education, occuption and income have turned out to be significant on the life satisfaction of middle aged men. As for the life satisfacton of middle aged women, age, education, husband's occuption and religon had significant influences However, employment status of women, family structure, marital duration, number of child, status of last child, status of first child had no significant influences on Mid-life satisfaction. 3) Mid-life satisfaction of men and women was influenced significantly by sex-role identity and internal-external locus of control. Those men described as masculine and those women androgynous in the sex-role identity had the highest life satisfaction. On the other hand those of undifferentiated in the sex-role identity had the lowest life satisfaction. High levels of internal control were associated with high levels of life satisfaction. 4) The variables affecting the life satisfaction of middle aged men and women were education, income, sex-role identity, internal control. These 4 variables explained 27% of the life satisfaction of middle aged men and 24% of the life satisfaction of middle aged women.

• 한국심리학회지 : 문화 및 사회문제
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.697-718
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• 2015

본 연구는 기혼 중년남녀의 성적친밀감과 결혼만족도의 관계에서 부부간 의사소통(듣기와 말하기)의 조절효과를 살펴보고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 서울, 경기지역의 만 40세 이상의 기혼 중년남녀 370명을 대상으로 오프라인 및 온라인 설문조사를 실시하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 성적친밀감과 결혼만족도와 의사소통 중 말하기는 유의미한 정적 상관이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 부부 의사소통의 말하기와 듣기는 결혼만족도와 유의미한 정적 상관이 있는 것을 나타났다. 둘째, 성적친밀감은 결혼만족도를 유의미하게 예측하였다. 셋째, 부부 의사소통 중 말하기와 듣기는 결혼만족도를 유의미하게 예측하는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 성적친밀감과 결혼만족도의 관계에서 부부 의사소통 중 말하기의 조절효과는 나타나지 않았다. 성적친밀감과 결혼만족도의 관계에서 부부 의사소통 중 듣기는 조절효과를 나타냈다. 이상의 연구 결과를 통해 기혼 중년남녀의 부부 상담과 부부 상담프로그램에서 성적친밀감과 조절변인인 듣기의 잠재적인 사용에 대한 개입의 필요성을 논의하였다.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.17-32
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of family life stress and family values on marital stability among middle-aged couples. The subjects included a total of 302 men and women aged 45-64 who had been married for more than 20 years and were living in Seoul. The collected data were statistically analyzed with the SPSS 21.0 Package. First, Cronbach's alpha was calculated to measure the reliability of the scale that assessed the variables of the research model. Then, mean and standard deviation were calculated to determine the degrees of family life stress, family values, and marital stability among the subjects. Finally, a hierarchical multiple regression analysis was performed to identify factors that affected the subjects' marital stability. The results revealed that the level of family life stress in middle-aged married men and women was slightly higher than the mean value. Of all the sub-scales of family life stress, the subjects were found to experience the most stress from factors related to financial pressure, followed by family relationships, a sense of loss within a family, and work-family compatibility. Therefore, financial problems were one of the critical stressors for middle-aged married couples. Also, for this demographic, the levels of family values and marital stability were higher than the medians. The factors affecting marital stability in middle-aged couples were identified to be family relationship stress, financial stress, subjective economic status, family values, stress related to work-familycompatibility,religion,andage.Thedegreeofmaritalstabilitywashigherinmiddle-agedcouplesa stheirstresslevelsfromfamilyrelationshipsandfinancialproblemswerelower.Moreover,thehigherthes ubjectiveeconomicstatusandthemoretraditionalthefamilyvalues,thehigherthedegreeofmaritalstabili ty.Finally,marriedcoupleswhowerereligioushadalowerlevelofstressfromwork-family compatibility, and the younger the couples, the higher the degree of marital stability.