• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.232-243
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to examine factors influencing the meaning of life for middle-aged women. The subjects for the study were 190 middle-aged women who live in Busan. Data were collected from May 25 to June 20, 1999. The instruments for this study were as follows : the meaning of life scale developed by Jung D. R(1978) ; the self-esteem scale developed by Ro, E. Y, Kwon, J. H.(1997) ; the volunteer activity scale developed by Park G. J.(1999), the marital satisfaction scale developed by Choi G. Y.(1999) ; and the health status scale developed by Kim S. Y. (1991). SPSS PC+ was utilized for data analysis. Data were analysed according to frequency and percentage, mean and standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA, Sheffe' s test and Pearson' s correlation coefficients and stepwise multiple regression. The reliability of the tools was tested by Cronbach's $\alpha$ : and it showed reliability scores of 0.88(for the meaning of life tool), 0.81(for the self-esteem tool), 0.94(for the marital satisfaction tool) and 0.78(for the health status tool). The results were as follows: 1) The scores showed that middle-aged women had a moderate level of meaning of life, with a mean of 30.31 and standard deviation of 6.24 (with values ranging from 12.00 to 48.00). The scores showed that middle-aged women had a moderate levels of self-esteem, with a mean of 28.92 and standard deviation of 4.67 (with values ranging from 10.00 to 40.00). The scores showed that middle-aged women had a very low level of volunteer activity, with a mean of 0.87 and standard deviation of 0.93(with values ranging from 0.00 to 1.00). The scores showed that middle-aged women had a moderate level of satisfaction in their marriages, with a mean of 31.99 and standard deviation of 7.84(with values ranging from 12.00 to 48.00). The scores showed that middle-aged women had a moderate level of health status, with a mean of 6.63 and standard deviation of 1.57(with values ranging from 3.00 to 9.00). 2) There was a statistically significant difference of the meaning of life of middle-aged women according to their religion(F=8.930, p=.000), christian ($31.94{\pm}5.96$) had more meaning th life than buddhists ($28.40{\pm}6.23$). 3) There was a statistically significant correlations between the subject' s self-esteem and the her meaning of life(r=0.477, p=0.000), the subject' s level of volunteer activity and meaning of life(r=.428, p=.000), her level of marital satisfaction and meaning of life(r=.417, p=.000), and her level of health status and meaning of life(r=.261, p=.000) among these middle-aged women. 4) Self- esteem was the highest factor influencing the level of meaning of life in middle-aged women. 40.0% of the total variance of levels of meaning of life by was dependent on self-esteem, volunteer activity, marital satisfaction and health status. In conclusion, the higher the self-esteem and levels of volunteer activity, marital satisfaction, and health status of middle-aged women, the higher the meaning of life for them. Therefore, it is necessary to elevate levels of the self-esteem and volunteer activity, marital satisfaction and health status in order to help middle-aged women have more meaning of life.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.694-705
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to describe the health behavior experience of middle-aged Korean women in rural areas, and to help understand their health practice, perceive their nursing needs and provide guidelines to developing appropriate nursing interventions. Method: The participants were 18 healthy middle-aged women living in rural areas, with no serious illness that require hospitalization. The data was collected through interviews and participant observation, analyzed by the grounded theory methodology of Strauss & Corbin(1997). The data collection period was from April to November of 2001. Result: Depending on the paradigm model, the central phenomenon was family-oriented pursuing of yangsaeng. The causal condition was less confidence on one's own health, responsibilities in caring for family. The contexts were cultural system. The intervening condition was information system, support system, limitation of approaching a medical institution. The action/ interaction strategies were yangsaeng through dietary practice, yangsaeng through promoting clothing and housing, yangsaeng through exercise, practice of folk therapy, yangsaeng through mental hygiene, and use of medical institution. The consequences were stabilization of body and mind, and stabilization of family. Conclusion: It is recommended for nurses to understand health behavior experience of middle-aged women, and provide nursing intervention with theoretical scheme and practical principles so that these women can pursue the family-oriented process of yangsaeng.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.1027-1041
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• 2012

This study analyzed middle-aged woman volunteers' evaluations on their volunteering and its implications for the adult life-long education. The subjects were 126 women aged from 35 to 59 who enrolled in the volunteer centers in Busan, Korea. They participated in the survey of the volunteer effects and the factors that made them continue to volunteer. Survey said, middle-aged women volunteers perceived that they got positive feedback from others and themselves and it made them keep doing on volunteering. Based on their volunteering experiences, they reported the personal effects such as positivism, caring, volunteering capacity, industry, maturity and the family member's effects such as positivism and participating in their volunteering. They also mentioned that they had positive and negative effects on family relationship such as family relation reinforcement and being indifferent to their own family. Based on the research findings, it was the emphasized that supports for volunteering of the middle-aged women that helps them to accomplish the developmental tasks in the middle age are necessary. A scheme of linkage between volunteering and the adult life-long education was also dealt with. Finally, the implications on the further studies in the field were discussed.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.17-27
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• 1998

The need for periodic investigation on human growth rate and somatotypes has been increased because the scientific development and environmental factors have effected a lot on them recently. This study aimed to investigate the changes of the 638 female somatotypes in the age of 18-54 obtained by direct and indirect measurement. The measurement data were divided into 4 groups early young women age group (18-54), late young women age group (25-34), early middle age group (35-44), late middle age group (45-54) and compared each other based on each group by age. The results obtained from this study were as follows: 1. According to Mollison Curve based on the early young women, items of depth decreased overall and pp.P. length & shoulder length increased as the age increased. The circumference, breadth and thickness tended to increase, especially waist girth and thickness of waist increased markedly. The data showed that the increase rate of thickness was higher than that of breadth. 2. Gradual somatotype changes were observed by overlapping projection drawings obtained by direct measurement. Compared with the young women, the middle aged showed lower should point depth and hip line & crotch depth line were lengthened significantly. No significant difference was observed in overlapping of the early young women and the late young women' figure, neither was in early middle aged and the late middle aged. 3. By overlapping the side view of the young women group (18-37) and middle aged group (35-54), no significant postural characteristics were found, while the back tended to bend forward and the abdomen and hip appeared to get fat.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.94-102
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to confirm the effects of a moderate and fast walking exercise program on middle-aged women's fatigue, serum lipids and immunoglobulins. Method: A non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used for this study. The experiment was conducted for 10 weeks from May 17th to July 25th, 2004 with 44 middle-aged women, consisting of 16 for the moderate walking group, 15 for the fast walking group and 13 for the control group. Result: Walking exercise at both a moderate and fast speed was effective in middle-aged women in reducing fatigue and serum lipids. It was also revealed that extended periods of exercise was more effective in decreasing fatigue while for reducing serum lipid, high intensity exercise was more effective. In this study, serum immunoglobulins were reduced after moderate and fast walking exercise but its cause was not fully understood so further research is needed. Conclusion: This study helps us recognize the importance of regular exercise and promotes motivation to exercise for a healthy life among middle-aged women.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.239-251
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• 2005

Purpose: This study was designed to construct a structural model for explaining mental health status in middle - aged women. Methods: The data was collected by self - reported questionnaires from 206 middle - aged women in Seoul. Data analysis was done with the SAS pc program for descriptive statistics and a PC - LISREL Program for finding the best fit model which assumes causal relationships among variables. Results: The overall fit of the hypothetical model to the data was good, but paths and variables of the model were modified by considering theoretical implications and statistical significances of parameter estimates. Thus it was modified by excluding 3 paths, The modified model showed was good fit to the data($x^2=177.55$, p=.00), GFI=0.908, AGFI=0.860, RMR=0.013, NFI=0.972, NNFI=0.982). Perceived stress, anger expression method, and self -esteem were found to have direct effects on mental health status in middle - aged women. These predictive variables of mental health status explained $66.6\%$ of the model. Conclusion: Programs to enhance mental health status in middle - aged women should include stress management skill, anger expression skill, and self -esteem enhancement skills to be effective.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.413-421
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explain the relationship between fatigue and other variables(perceived health status, marital adjustment and stress), and define the main factors influencing fatigue in middle aged women. Methods: Data were collected by self-reported questionnaires from 212 middle aged women. Data analysis was done with the SPSS 11.0 pc+ program for descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficients and stepwise multiple regression. Results: The mean score of fatigue was 2.30(${\pm}0.46$), perceived health status was 2.82(${\pm}0.68$), marital adjustment was 2.86(${\pm}0.44$), and stress was 2.43(${\pm}0.61$). There were significant correlations between fatigue and the other variables(r=.56-.21, p=.00). The major factors that affect fatigue in middle aged women were stress, perceived health status, and marital adjustment, which explained 35.2% of fatigue. Conclusion: These variables have an effect on middle aged women's fatigue. Therefore, these findings can provide the basis for the development of nursing interventions to manage fatigue.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.78-86
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• 2003

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between self concept and the climacteric symptoms in middle-aged women. Method: From a convenience sample of 123 women between 40 and 59 years of age living in P-city data were collected using a structured questioanaire. It included a self concept scale and climacteric symptom scale. With spss/pc(+), data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA and Pearson's correlation coefficients. Result: 1 The mean score for self concept was $108.73{\pm}16.24$. 2. The variables that influenced the self concept of middle-aged women most were 'health state' and 'marriage satisfaction'. They were statistically significant at the .01 level. 3. The mean score for climacteric symptoms was 3.13. Of psychophysical, physical and psychological symptoms the scores for psychophysical symptoms were the highest. 4. There were significant negative correlations between self concept and climacteric symptoms (r=-.333, p=.000). Conclusion: This study suggests that positive self concept can reduce climacteric symptoms in middle-aged women.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.181-190
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was to identify the impact of spiritual wellbeing and social support on the depression among middle-aged women. Descriptive study design was used. Methods: The subjects completed the structured questionnaires: the 'Spiritual Well-being Scale', developed by Paloutzian & Ellison, 'the Social Support Scale' developed by Park, and 'the CES-D Scale' developed by Radloff. Data were collected from 216 middle aged women in B metropolitan city and J city. The data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, Scheff$\acute{e}$ test, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and multiple regressions. Results: Participants with higher depression had lower scores for spiritual wellbeing (r=-.57, p<.001) and lower scores for social support (r=-.49, p=.011). The influencing factors on depression were spiritual wellbeing, social support, and utilization of spare time. These variables were explained 46% of the variance in depression. Conclusion: The depression of the middle-aged women can be reduced when spiritual wellbeing and social support are improved. Therefore, we suggested to develop nursing intervention programs in order to improve spiritual wellbeing and social support of middle-aged women for reducing their depressions.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.577-586
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• 2004

Purpose: This study is to examine the effect of a health promoting education program for middle-aged women. Methods: Health promoting education program: The subject group consisted of 116 women between 40 and 60 years of age. Three 12-week sessions consisted of a 90 minute class each week, from March 14th to November 14th, 2003. Pre- and post-education tests were collected after each session. The data was collected using structured questionnaires before and after the education sessions. Data were analyzed employing descriptive statistics, paired t-test with SPSS/PC (10.0 version) program. Results: There were significant changes in health promoting behavior, but no significant changes in the self-efficacy and the knowledge of health management. Conclusion: This study showed that a health promoting education program has partially positive effects for middle-aged women. Based on this study, a continuous education program through a community health center is needed for middle-aged women's health.