• KOMUNHWA
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• no.70
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• pp.63-88
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• 2007

The purpose of this writing is to examine the places and instruments of the dissection for deformed animal carcasses excavated in shellfish stacks of the period of the Proto-Three Kingdoms(삼한) and the Three Kingdoms(삼국). The remains were chosen, which had been excavated and finished in the analysis of the animal carcasses, and the main objects are all shells and deer, especially among Mammalia. As the result, the dissection of shells was not taken place in the habitats of the animals, but inside or around of the residence of the people. For deer, too, it was done in the public place or specific area around and inside the residence. As concerns the method of dissection for shells, for Pelecypoda(부족류), represented by Meretrix lusoria(백합), the inner meat was taken out by wrenching the shell with a kind of small knives, or by boiling, and sometimes by cracking the middle of the shell in the case of big Meretrix lusoria and Dosinorbis japonicus(떡조개). For Rapana venosa(피뿔고둥), representative of Gastropoad(배발류), the people broke the top or some parts of the body to get the inner meat or used some kind of needles and stylus to pick the inner meat out after boiling. Abalones‘ meat was attached firmly to the shell, so very sharp and proper metal instruments were used to take the meat out Relatively small-sized Reishia clavigera(대수리),Top shell(밤고둥) meats were taken out by breaking the top parts after boiling, then sucking the meats, or by picking them out by using needles and stylus in the original shape. In the case of large Mammalia like deer, in the full consideration of the point that deer itself are used in various ways, they were dissected in the order of skinning, taking out the internal organs, cutting front and rear legs, separating joint parts and meats, extracting bone-marrow by 철정, 철부, ironed hand knife in very delicate ways. It seems that skinning, and front and rear legs' cutting were taken place in the place around the residence, on the other hand joint parts' separating and bone-marrow extracting in the residence. The tools for the dissection were confirmed to be hand-knife, honed ax, hammer stone, bondstone, needles and stylus, and some other sharp instrument. They were used properly according to objects.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.210-215
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• 2021

For sterilization of microorganisms of the Listeria genus contaminating enoki mushroom, pilot mushroom grower equipped with air sterilization devices were developed. Sterilization experiments were performed using physical and chemical treatments. Internal temperature and humidity were controlled, maintaining 6.62℃±0.30 in the upper shelves, 6.46℃±0.24 in the middle shelves, and 6.48℃±0.25 in the lower shelves. Humidities were 79.97%±4.42, 79.43%±4.06, and 79.94±4.30%, respectively, with a temperature setting of 6.5℃, and a relative humidity of 75%. A suitable enoki mushroom cultivation stage for air sterilizer application was during the growth stage, with temperature in the 6.5~8.5℃ range, and humidity of 70~80%. At these same internal conditions, the ozone concentration in the mushroom cultivator was found to be 160 ppb during ion-cluster generator operation. After physical sterilization, the Listeria innocua survival rate was 0.1 to 0.9% using ion cluster sterilization, and 9.3 to 10.6% using UV air sterilization. The Listeria innocua survival rates on different materials were 9.3~10.6% on the metal specimen, and 9.9~16.2% on the plastic wrapper. The survival rate was particularly high on the rough side of the plastic wrapper. Ion cluster air sterilization is a labor-saving and effective method for suppressing the occurrence of Listeria bacteria on mushroom growers walls and shelves. For the plastic wrapper, chemical sterilization is more effective than physical sterilization.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.102-117
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• 2009

This study was carried out to investigate the extent to which benthic environment of Ulsan Bay was disturbed by organic materials and trace metals from the megacity and industrial complex. Field survey for benthic environment and macroinvertebrate community was seasonally conducted from February to November 2006 at nine stations covering the inside and outside of the bay. TOC was on average 1.7% while four (As, Cu, Pb, Zn) out of seven trace metals measured exceeded the Effects Range Low (ERL) in most of the stations. Total number of species sampled was 199 and mean density was 4,578 ind./$m^2$, both of which were greatly dominated by the polychaetes. Dominant species were Aphelochaeta monilaris (22.6%), Ruditapes philippinarum (17.1%), Magelona japonica (12.2%), Lumbrineris longifolia (9.9%) and their distribution was ruled by the difference in the benthic environmental condition of each station. From the multivariate analyses, four stational groups were identified: northern part of the bay, middle and lower part of the bay, the intersection of Taewha River and Gosa stream and outside of the bay. As a result, the community heterogeneity of inner bay was much more greater than that of outer bay. SIMPER analysis showed that four groups were represented by R. philippinarum-Capitella capitata, A. monilaris-Balanoglossus carnosus, Sinocorophium sinensis-Cyathura higoensis and M. japonica-Ampharete arctica, respectively. Spatio-temporal changes of macroinvertebrate communities in Ulsan Bay were closely related to those of depth, mean grain size and organic content, and Zn was also a meaningful factor in that context.