• 여성건강간호학회지
• /
• 제3권2호
• /
• pp.129-156
• /
• 1997

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between depression and ego identity of middle-aged women and to identify the variables that show differences in the depression and ego identity of middle-aged women. The subjects in the study were 321 mothers of high school students whose age were 40-59 years old. The instruments for this study were Beck Depression Inventory(BDI) developed Beck(1978) and translated by Lee(1981) and Ego identity Scale developed Suh(1975) and modified by Nam(1975). The reliability values of BDI range from 0.83 to 0.87 and Ego identity range from 0.81 to 0.85 using Cronbach alpha. The data were analysed by using the SAS program and included Frequency, percentage Pearson Correlation MANOVA, t-test, ANOVA. The conclusion obtained from this study were as follows ; 1) There was a negative correlation(r=-0.21, p=0.0002) between depression and ego identity of middle-aged women. Thus the lower depression the higher ego identity for middle-aged women. 2) According to the analysis of interacting effects of depression and ego identity, there were significant differences in the household income(F=0.38, p=0.0035), level of education (F=6.50, p=0.0001), satisfaction of marriage(F=10.45, p=0.0001), family pattern (F=6.18, p=0.0001), menopausal status(F=7.23, p=0.0001), present disease(F=4.85, p=0.0110) and health status(F=9.00, p=0.0001). 3) There were significant differences on the level of education(F=12.98, p=0.0001) household income(F=5.78, p=0.0007), support of spouse(F=8.58, p=0.0002), satisfaction of marriage(F=20.08, p=0.0001), menopausal status(F=11.32, p=0.0001), present disease(t=2.76, p=0.0062) and health status(F=17.23, p=0.0001) of the depression of middle-aged women. 4) There were significant differences on the patterns of household(t=-2.64, p=0.0086), support spouse(F=3.58, p=0.0291), satisfaction of marriage(F=3.90, p=0.0212), menopausal status(F=4.59, p=0.0108) and disease(t=2.11, p=0.0359) of the ego identity of middle-aged women. On the basis of the above findings the following recommendations are made ; 1) According to results of this study, middle-aged women's depression is correlated with ego identity. Thus when the nurse plans the preventive strategy of middle-aged women's depression, the nurse must be considered with level of ego identity. 2) To study for middle-aged women in depth, further research is need to study regard to middle-aged men and their children.

• 융합정보논문지
• /
• 제11권11호
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 2021

본 연구는 만 40세-64세의 중년 여성의 낙상에 영향을 주는 요인을 알아보고 낙상 예방 프로그램 개발에 기초자료로 활용하기 위하여 시도되었다. 연구방법은 2019년도 지역사회건강조사 자료를 이용하여 43,917명 중년 여성을 연구대상으로 낙상, 신체 건강, 정신건강 및 건강행태를 조사하였다. 대상자의 낙상에 영향을 미치는 요인을 알아보기 위하여 descriptive statistics, chi-square test, multiple logistic regression을 하였다. 연구 결과 중년 여성의 낙상 경험은 11.9%로 보고되었고 연령이 증가할수록, 배우자가 없는 여성에서 낙상을 많이 경험하였다. 높은 우울감과 지각된 스트레스, 당뇨병을 진단받은 경우, 폭음하는 여성에서 낙상 경험이 높게 나타났다. 중년 여성의 낙상을 감소시키기 위해서 본 연구에서 밝혀진 변수를 고려하여 다양한 간호 중재의 근거자료로 적용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
• /
• 제5권2호
• /
• pp.185-192
• /
• 2000

As the percentage of the elderly in the population increases, research to identify the nutritional and health status of the elderly, to understand the factors influencing on them, and to delay aging have been done actively. It is necessary for these studies to be longitudinal. This study was carried out to assess the change of health-related habits such as dietary behaviors and smoking, alcohol drinking and exercising habit, and health status between previous study(1991/1994) and post study(1998) for middle-aged men and women living in Chonju. For the present study, the data of 63 pairs(23 men and 40 women) were analyzed. They were 11 men and 12 women followed up from 82 men and 100 women surveyed in 1994. Mean ages in the 1991/4 and 1998 studies were 53.6y(range 42-63y) and 59.0y(range 46-72y) respectively. The survey was conducted with interview using a questionnaire including dietary behaviors and health-related habits, and anthropometric measurement and blood test for analyzing biochemical indices in 1991/4 and 1998. To understand these changes over time, $\chi$$^2$-statistics, t-test and paired t-test were analyzed with an SAS package program. As people age, there were significantly decreases in the proportions to eat lightly salted foods and drink alcohol. Significant longitudinal increases in triceps skin fold thickness, ${\gamma}$-GPT and HDL-cholesterol and significant decrease in hemoglobin value were noted over time in both men and women. In addition a significant decrease in blood glucose level was noted over time in women. Weight, blood glucose and total cholesterol increased significantly with age in those had had breakfast regularly or those had not used more slat at the table in the past. From this study, were found out the subjects of this study had relatively desirable health-related habits. But as improper health-related habits are likely to result in inappropriate health status(eg, increase in WHR, triglyceride, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol), it is recommended that nutrition education in necessary as soon as possible to meet the health elderly.

• 지역사회간호학회지
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.354-362
• /
• 2002

Objectives: This study was conducted to examine the relationships among perceived life stress, self-esteem, and depression in middle-aged women. Methods: Data were collected from March 30 to May 25, 2000. The study subjects were 123 middle-aged women living in Pusan. The instruments used for this study were the Perceived Life Stress scale developed by Lee (1984), based on the original scale designed by Yu, et al. (1994), Self-esteem scale developed by Rho, et al. (1997), and the Depression scale developed by Ahn (1988). For data analysis, the SPSS PC+ was utilized, by which frequency and percentage, mean and standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA, Sheffe's test and Pearson's correlation coefficients were examined. The reliability of the instruments were tested by Cronbach's $\alpha$, showing the internal consistency of 0.7328 for the self-esteem scale. and 0.8987 for the depression scale. Results: 1) The results showed a relatively low perceived life stress score in the middle-aged women with a mean and standard deviation of 363.18 and 72.92 (range: .00 - 1877.38). 2) The results showed a relatively high self-esteem score in the middle-aged women with a mean and standard deviation of 29.77 and 5.06 (range: 10 - 40). 3) The results showed a relatively high depression score in the middle-aged women with a mean and standard deviation of 39.46 and 9.38 (range: 0 - 61). 4) There were no statistically significant differences in perceived life stress by demographic related factors. 5) There were statistically significant differences in self-esteem by health status (F=8.930, p= .000) and economic status (t=4.792, p= .010). 6) There were statistically significant differences in depression by age (F=3.770, p= .0261). education (F=4.850, p= .003) and regularity of menstrual cycle (F=13.180, p= .000). 7) There was no statistically significant correlation between perceived life stress, and self-esteem in the middle-aged women (r=-.077, p= .399). 8) There was no significant correlation between perceived life stress. and depression in the middle-aged women (r= .010, p= .916). 9) There was a significant negative correlation between self-esteem, and depression in the middle-aged women (r=- .359, p= .000). Conclusion: Higher self-esteem was related to a lower depression status. Therefore, it is necessary to elevate the level of self-esteem in order to reduce the level of depression in middle-aged Korean women.

• 산업진흥연구
• /
• 제5권2호
• /
• pp.51-58
• /
• 2020

40대 이후 급증하는 중년여성의 우울증은 다양한 치료방법에도 불구하고 좀처럼 감소하지 않고 있다. 이러한 현상이 자기상실에서 오는 전체성의 몰인식에서 기인한다는 전제하에, 보다 근원적인 치료방법을 위한 질적 연구가 필요하다. 이에 본 연구는 2016년 9월부터 2018년 11월까지 우울증을 호소하는 3명의 기독교인 중년여성을 연구 참여자로 선정, 10~15회기 심층상담과 인터뷰를 실시하여 261개의 의미단위와 11개의 하위구성요소를 도출하였으며 도출한 의미단위를 2개의 주제군인 우울증 경험과 개성화과정의 현상으로 나누어 구조화하였다. 심층상담 결과를 바탕으로 우울증 경험과 개성화과정의 현상으로 구조화한 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 우울증의 경험은 신체적, 인지적, 정서적, 행동적, 사회적, 영적인 면에서 고통스러운 증상으로 나타나는데 이는 삶의 의미를 찾으려는 의욕으로 변환되고 새로운 길을 모색하는 창조적 질서를 위한 과정으로 연결된다. 둘째, 중년여성의 개성화과정 현상은 페르소나, 그림자·콤플렉스, 아니무스와의 직면에서 또 다른 고통을 불러오지만, 동시에 이를 극복하기 위한 겸손과 용기의 태도 또한 가져온다. 셋째, 중년여성의 개성화과정에서 자기실현의 현상은 카타르시스 후 자기성찰을 통해 문제를 인식하고 수용하는 것으로부터 시작되고 점차 인격과 관계의 변화, 전반적인 삶에서의 변화, 종교적인 영역에서의 변화, 인지적·정서적·행동적인 영역에서의 긍정적 변화 등이 나타났다. 결론적으로 본 연구를 통해서 우울증을 경험한 중년여성이 고통의 본질적인 의미를 깨닫고 개성화과정을 통해 근원적으로 치료 받을 수 있는 계기를 마련하고, 일반 중년여성들에게도 예방적 차원의 방법을 제시하였다는 데 의의가 있다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제17권1호
• /
• pp.239-247
• /
• 2016

Background: The overall cervical cancer incidence rate is low in Iran; however, because of a higher risk of death for cervical cancer, a disease that kills women in middle age, a cervical cancer control program is needed. The aim of this study was to provide consensus recommendation for cervical cancer prevention in Iran and other Muslim societies with low incidences of cervical cancer. Materials and Methods: Through a practical guideline development cycle, we developed six questions that were relevant to produce the recommendation. We reviewed 190 full text records of cervical cancer in Iran (1971 to 2013) of which 13 articles were related to the data needed to answer the recommendation questions. We also reviewed World Health Organization, IARC, GLOBOCAN report, Iran Ministry of Health cancer registry report and 8 available foreign countries guidelines. Lastly, we also evaluated the Pap smear results of 825 women who participated in the Iranian HPV survey, of whom 328 were followed-up after a 5-year interval. Results: The obtained data highlighted the burden of HPV and cervical cancer situation in Iran. Experts emphasized the necessity of a cervical cancer screening program for Iranian women, and recommended an organized screening program with a cytological evaluation (Pap smear) that would start at the age of 30 years, repeated every 5 years, and end at the age of 69 years. Meanwhile, there is no need for screening among women with a hysterectomy, and screening should be postponed to post-partum among pregnant women. Conclusions: An organized cervical cancer screening is a necessity for Iran as more than 500-900 women in middle age diagnosed with an invasive cervical cancer every year cannot be ignored. This recommendation should be taken into account by the National Health System of Iran and Muslim countries with shared culture and behavior patterns. CUBA HPV test could be consideration in countries Muslim country with appropriate budget, resources and facility.

• 가정과삶의질연구
• /
• 제26권2호
• /
• pp.83-101
• /
• 2008

This research performs a multi comparison between the age of old households and the economic structure according to accommodation type as well as analyzing the economical structural difference of each type based on the features of aged households. The paper classified aged households into 3 groups according to age distribution. The economic structure analysis according to the age of old households and accommodation type was shown as follow: First, the economical structural analysis based on the age of old households showed a statistical difference in the total, labor, business, property and transfer income variables according to the age of each sample group. However, the non-business income and liabilities did not show a significant difference. Second, in the analysis of different economic earnings and initial expenses of middle-aged households according to the age distribution group showed a disparity in the total, labor, business, property, and transfer income variables according to the age of each sample group. However, aged households showed a statistical difference in total, labor, business and transfer income variables. Third, in the analysis of difference in the expense provision and size of consumption, there was a statistical difference in the expense variables of total consumption, food, dining out, electricity, water, furniture, kitchen supplies, clothing, shoe, education, culture, entertainment, transportation, and communication. Fourth, in the analysis of difference in the size of consumption expense, the initial and middle-aged households showed a statistical difference in the total consumption, food, dining out, electricity, water, furniture, kitchen supplies, clothing, shoe, education, culture, entertainment, transportation, communication, and consumption expense variables. However, the analysis of aged households has shown a statistical difference in the total consumption, food, dining out, electricity, water, furniture, kitchen supplies, clothing, shoe, education, culture, entertainment, transportation, and communication expense variables. The study found a statistical difference in the expense for hygienics that did not appear in the initial and middle-aged households.

• 정신신체의학
• /
• 제5권1호
• /
• pp.129-134
• /
• 1997

The meddle years start when persons achieve maturity and end when they realize they are old, and we commonly call ages between thirty-live and sixty five the middle years. Thinking of life as a play, the middle years lead up to and away from the climax of the plot. In the early part of middle age, the man is the main support of his family, and is out to establish himself in his career. He is in a race toward success, and may acquire a sponsor who picks him out as a protege. In the middle part of middle age, the man is ready to come into his own and may break with his sponsor. Most persons are now at the height of their potential, know their areas of competence, and have the satisfaction of feeling in control in them. They need no longer prove themselves from day to day, for they are credited with past accomplishments. Some are caught in "promotion or success depression", and some continue to change jobs creating difficulties is readjustment. The more satisfactory changes usually occur within a career rather than through shifiting careers. In e later part of the middle age the man worries about his physical health, and experiences depression in facing the retirement. Woman frequently change the course of their lives some time between the ages of thirty-five and forty, and may resume their education or careers. Tee quarters of women are passing through "involutional melancholia".

• 근관절건강학회지
• /
• 제26권3호
• /
• pp.175-183
• /
• 2019

Purpose: This is a descriptive research examining the relationships between aging anxiety, perceived level of successful aging, and preparation for aging as well as factors influencing preparation for aging. Methods: Subjects of this study were 221 women aged between 40 and 59 years residing in area J. Data were collected from October 27, 2017 to November 9, 2017, using a structured questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using the statistical program SPSS/WIN 24.0. Results: Regression analysis revaled that factors having a significant effect on the preparation for aging of the subjects were age, perceived health status, exercise, leisure activity, aging anxiety, and perception of successful aging. The total explanatory power was 42.3%. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it was found that aging anxiety and successful aging influenced the preparation for aging of middle-aged women. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a nursing intervention that properly manage aging anxiety and improves successful aging, in order to encourage middle-aged women to actively prepare for their later lives.

• 동서간호학연구지
• /
• 제11권2호
• /
• pp.155-166
• /
• 2005

Purpose: This study was to examine the relationship between psychosocial distress and health promoting behaviors of middle-aged women. Methods: The subjects consisted of 278 women between the ages of 40 and 60 years in the Seoul-Kyunggi region. Data collection was conducted through the use of questionnaires. The instruments for this study were psychosocial distress(45 items) and Health promoting behaviors(43 items). Results: The average item score for psychosocial distress was high at 96.5, and the health promoting behaviors were moderate at 139.8. The psychosocial distress was significantly different according to age, education, marriage status, menstruation status, satisfaction of marriage. The health promoting behaviors was significantly different according to religion, education, menstruation status, satisfaction of marriage. Negative correlations were observed between psychosocial distress and health promoting behaviors(r=-.43, p=.000). Conclusion: These findings help to clarify relationships between relationship between psychosocial distress and health promoting behaviors of middle-aged women. Therefore, the result of study provide clues for promoting health in middle-aged women.