• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.1437-1448
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• 1996

This paper presents a simplified model for approximate analysis of the solute redistribution in coarsening dendrite arms during solidification of binary metal alloys. By introducing a quadratic concentration profile with a time-dependent coefficient, the integral equation for diffusion in the solid phase is reduced to a simple differential relation between the coefficient and the solid-liquid interface position. The solid fraction corresponding to the system temperature is readily determined from the relation, phase equilibrium and the overall solute balance in which the liquid phase is assumed to be completely mixed. In order to validate the developed model, calculations are performed for the directional solidification of Al-4.9 mass Cu alloy. The predicted eutectic fractions for a wide range of the cooling rate reasonably agree with data from the well-known experiment as well as sophisticated numerical analyses. Also, the results for the back diffusion limits are consistent with available references. Additional calculations show that the characteristic parameters such as the coarsening, density variation and nonlinarity in the phase diagram significantly affect the microsegregation. Owing to the simplicity, efficiency and compatibility, the present model may be suitable for the micro-macroscopic solidification model as a microscopic component.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.93-104
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• 1996

This study evaluated relative hot cracking susceptibility of commercial aluminum alloy welds, and then suggested possible mechanisms operated in the weld fusion zone and in the heat affected zone based on the observed cracking morphologies, fractography and microstructural features. The fusion zone solidification cracking was found to be mainly due to a microsegregation of Cu, Si, and Mg in grain boundaries, while liquation cracking in the HAZ was by the incipient melting of the segregated grain boundaries and the consitutional liquation of large aging precipitates and intermetallic compounds in the partially melted zone adjacent to the fusion line which experienced a rapid thermal excursion during welding.

• Laser Solutions
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.18-23
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• 1998

A Study on microstructural changes of sensitized Alloy 600 which was rapidly solidified by a $CO_2$ laser beam was conducted using microscopic equipments such as SEM and TEM. Dissolution of Cr-rich carbides and resultant Cr recovery on the grain boundaries occurred in the heat affected zone (HZA). The microstructure of the laser melted zone (LMZ) having epitaxially solidified from the HAZ was mainly celluar-dendritic with the 〈100〉 crystallographic direction of growth. The Cr concentration was observed to increase along the cell bondaries, and tiny particles were distributed along the cell walls with tangled dislocations around them. Cr-rich carbides had been completely melted by the high density of a laser beam, and were not re-precipitated during the matrix solidification due to a fast cooling rate in the LMZ.

• Journal of Korea Foundry Society
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.149-157
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• 1996

Several aluminum based alloys were fabricated by a twin roll strip casting mill. As-cast microstructures and microsegregations of these aluminum alloys were investigated by means of optical microscope, scanning electron microscope and electron probe micro analysis. Clear distinction on microsegregation among the alloy systems was observed, that is, A1235 and A8011 alloys showed diffused segregation in the middle of the strip, while A3003 and A5086 alloys revealed a centerline segregation consisted of lamellar structure. Above center line segregation was resulted from enrichment of the alloying elements such as Mn, Fe, Cu, Si and eutictic reaction in central region of the alloy strip.

• Journal of Korea Foundry Society
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.219-224
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• 1990

In this, we have investigated the solute behavior in front of solid-liquid interface according to the change of the cooling rate in bronze alloy and phosphor bronze alloy. The conclusive summary is as follows: 1) The secondary dendrite arm spacing was decreased with increasing the cooling rate. 2) The minimum solute concentration happened to along centerline of primary arm, and the maximum solute concentration was found at the boundary of arm or between the arms the minimum solute concentration was increased with the cooling rate. 3) Segregation Index S was decreased with increasing the cooling rate and content of P. 4) The degree of the microsegregation was decreased with increasing the cooling rate. The effective distribution coefficient, Ke was increased with addition of P in Cu-Sn.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.23-43
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• 1992

Corrosion characteristics of four commerial gold-based dental alloys(C-1; Au75%, Ag13.9%, Pd3%, Cu & etc.,8.1%, C-2 ;Au 52.08, Ag 24%, Pd 5%, Cu & etc.,18.92, C-3 ; Au 53%, Ag 22%, Pd 5%, Pt 3% Cu & etc.,17%, C-4 ; Au 53%, Pd4, Pt1.5%, Ag & Cu & etc.,41.5%) and four experimental ternary Au-Ag-Cu alloys(E-1 ; Au 50%, Ag 30%, Cu 20%, E-2 ; Au 50%, Ag 20%, Cu 30%, E-3 ; Au 50%, Ag 10%, Cu 40%, E-4 ; Au 50%, Ag 40%, Cu 10%) were investigated by potentiodynamic polarization analysis and the structure was examined by optical microscope and SEM. All corrosion testing was conducted in 1% NaCl solution. The main results are as follows : 1. The corrosion resistence of commercial alloys was decreased in the order of C-1, C-3, C-4, C-2. C-2. 2. The E-1 and E-3 ternary alloys exhibits the higher corrosion resistence than E-2 and E-4 alloys. 3. The cast microstructure of alloys reveals dendrite morphology which shows the significant microsegregation caused by the difference in the diffusion rate between liquid and solid. 4. It is found that the surface corrosion products were mainly AgCl by X-ray diffraction results.

• Journal of Korea Foundry Society
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.170-177
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• 2015

Segregation during solidification and homogenization during thermal exposure in GTD 111 were investigated. The microstructures of as-cast, standard heat-treated, and thermally exposed specimens were observed by SEM. A compositional analysis of each specimen was conducted by EDS. The dendrite core was enriched in W and Co, though lower levels of Ti and Ta were observed. An unexpected phase, in this case like the ${\eta}$ phase, was observed due to segregation near the ${\gamma}-{\gamma}^{\prime}$ eutectic in the standard heat-treated specimen. Segregation also induced microstructural evolution near the ${\gamma}-{\gamma}^{\prime}$ eutectic during the standard heat treatment. A quantitative analysis and microstructural observations showed that the thermal exposure at a high temperature enhanced the chemical homogeneity of the alloy.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.184-192
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• 1998

This paper deals with an extended analytical solution for the mixture solidification problem, in which temperature is inherently coupled with the solute transport due to the presence of volume contraction induced flow. A new exact solution to the energy equation accounting for the convection effect in the melt is successfully derived, which allows the present analysis to cover a high initial superheating. Difference in properties between the solid and liquid phases is rigorously incorporated into the model equations in the solid fraction weighted form. Taking advantage of linearized correction factors, a systematic and easy-to-implement algorithm for determining the solidus and liquidus positions is introduced, which proves not only to converge stably but also to be very efficient. For a specific case, the present results show excellent agreements with the existing solution. The effect of convection in the melt becomes appreciable with increasing the initial superheating. It is revealed that variable properties in the mushy region significantly affect the solidification behaviors. The present study is also capable of resolving the interaction between microsegregation and macrosegregation.