• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.102-107
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• 2001

This study was carried out to explore for the possibility of recycling the pine wood sawdusts for the substrate for enokitake (Flammulina velutipes) cultivation. The wood species of sawdusts cultivated for enokitake mushroom were identified mostly as hard pine (Pinus spp.). Distribution of enokitake hyphae was restricted to ray parenchymas and tracheids exposed to fungi. Nevertheless, degree of cell wall degradation by enokitake was slight. Light microscopic observation showed the thinning of secondary cell wall in some tracheids. Under polarized microscopy the 1()ss of birefringence was observed only in a few latewood tracheids. All the middle lamella remained intact. The present work showed clearly that pine sawdusts used as substrate for enokitake cultivation held enough cell wall materials for mushroom cultivation. The relative resistance of softwood cell walls against enokitake fungus was also discussed.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.19 no.1 s.27
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• pp.21-44
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• 1989

Incipient changes of the periodontal tissue in the pressure zones of rat molar subjected to the experimental force were studied by the transmission electron microscope. Experimental animals were consisted in 3 control and 21 experimental rats, of which one maxillary first molar was moved buccally with a fixed appliance which were exerting the force of 15 gm. After experimental period of 1 hour, 3 hours, 6 hours, 24 hours, 2 days, 3 days and 7 days, the animal were sacrificed with cardiac perfusion of $2.5\%$ glutaraldehyde in the sodium cacodylate buffer and the experimental teeth with surrounding periodontal structures were processed for electron microscope. At the beginning of the tooth movement, periodontal ligaments of the pressure were compressed and collagenous fibers were arranged parallel to the root of the teeth and cell free zones in company with cell necrosis were followed. Cell free zones at the periodontal ligaments appeared in the 3 hour survival group, and getting severe with time lapse it became widespread in 2-3 day survival group and undermining bone resorption as a healing process was observed in 7 day survival group. Dilatation of mitochondria and swelling of the rER in the fibroblast and other connective tissue cells in the periodontal ligament were observed in the 3 hour survival group, which were characteristics of the incipient changes in the compressed periodontal ligament. Dilatation of nuclear membrane and pyknosis were followed by the destruction of the nucleus and cell membrane. There were no evidence in cell damage or necrosis of the alveolar bone adjacent to the hyalinized area of periodontal ligaments.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.162-171
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• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate the changes of macerating properties from grape suspensions for which both were treated with protopectinase(PPase) and mechanical maceration stored at $4^{\circ}C$ for 28 days. Changes of macerating properties such as pH, total acidity, color, total polyphenol and antioxidant activity of suspensions after enzymatic hydrolysis were determined before and after heating, and microscopic observation made on suspensions containing single cells. With the PPase, grapes were enzymatically macerated to separate cells to primary cell wall without damage. Also, the changes of macerating properties in grape suspension treated with PPase and after heat treatment at $80^{\circ}C$ for 30 min were more stable than those of mechanical maceration, indicating the thermal stability. Thus, the PPase treatment for grapes could be a better choice for preparing highly valuable and functional processed food as well as for prolonging preservation periods.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.9
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• pp.1573-1579
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• 2004

This study was conducted to develop intermediate material for new processed food from sweet pumpkin. Osmotic dehydration was carried out as pretreatment before drying. After the sweet pumpkins were pretreated under optimized osmotic dehydration conditions, they were dried by three drying methods (hot air drying, vacuum drying and cold air drying). The moisture contents of dried sweet pumpkin products by osmosis treatment (sucrose) and hot air drying, vacuum drying, and cold air drying were 14.48, 14.09 and 13.87%, respectively. Cold air drying preserved more vitamin C content and showed lower color difference than hot air drying and vacuum drying. As a result of microscopic analysis, cold air dried sweet pumpkin was observed regular tissue, while hot air and vacuum dried sweet pumpkins were observed a cell collapse following the loss of water.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.69-79
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• 1980

Granitic rocks, from the Eonyang and the northwestern part of Ulsan area, were mainly studied from the petrochemical point of view. From field work, microscopic observation and the result of K-Ar ages, these granitic rocks are divided into six rock types of a, b, c, d, e and e', of which modal composition are given. Type a, c, e and e' are mainly granodiorite, type b is adamellite, and type d is granodiorite, adamellite and others (porphyritic rock, porphyry and felsitic rocks). Bulk chemical analyses of 22 samples of the granitic rocks are given. The petrographical and petrochemical characteristics of these rocks are discussed briefly. In the petrochemical compositions with their characteristic variation trends of several oxides and norm Or-Ab-An triangular diagram, type a, b and c show some similarity to that of San-yo granite of Japan and younger granite of Ogcheon geosynclinal zone, and then, type e and e', to San-in granite of Japan. But, some of granitic rock samples of type d are similar to San-yo granite and the others of type d to San-in granite because this type is composed of porphyritic rock, porphyry and felsitic rocks. According to the result of K-Ar ages (1976, Lee et al.) of rock samples from type a, b and care Cretaceous, on the otherwise, type d, e and e', are Tertiary granitic rocks. Judging from these evidences, granitic rocks in the area are correlated to the Cretaceous and Tertiary granitic rocks in the, southwestern Japan, that is, type a, band c are correlated to San-yo granite, and type d, e and e' to San-in granite.

• ALGAE
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.113-120
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• 2005

The freshwater blooms mainly blue-green algal blooms occur frequently in the lower Naktong River in summer, which provoke many socio-economical problems; therefore, the early detection of bloom events are demanding through the quantitative and qualitative analyses of blue green algal species. The in vivo fluorescence properties of cultured strains of Microcystis aeruginosa, M. viridis, M. wesenbergii, M. ichthyoblabe, Anabaena cylindrica, A. flos-aquae, and Synedra sp. were investigated. Wild phytoplankton communities of the lower Naktong River were also monitored at four stations in terms of their standing stocks, biomass and fluorescence properties compared with its absorption spectram. The 77K fluorescence emission spectra of each cultured strains normalized at 620 nm was very specific and enabled to detect of blue green algal biomass qualitatively and quantitatively. The relative chlorophyll a concentration determined by chlorophyll fluorescence analysis method showed significant relationship with chlorophyll a concentration determined by solvent extraction method ($R^2$ = 0.906), and the blue-green algal cell number determined by microscopic observation ($R^2$ = 0.588), which gives insight into applications to early detection of blue green algal bloom.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.59-69
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• 2000

Acoustic emission is n burst of microseismic waves generated by microscopic failure due to deformation in materials. The study on the detection of initiation and propagation of microcracks from acoustic emission measurement is very important for the evaluation of the stability of underground rock structures by the nondestructive letting method. In this study, acoustic emission was measured under uniaxial stiffness loading test used to obtain the complete stress-strain curves of marble and concrete used as reinforced materials of rock structures. The analysis of acoustic emission parameters and source location were performed to discuss the characteristics of the deformation and failure behavior of rock and concrete. And acoustic emission was measured under cyclic loading test to verify the Kaiser effect associated with the damage of materials, in situ stress of rock, and stress history of concrete structure.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.55 no.6
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• pp.667-671
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• 2017

Ocular setariases of cattle were reported but those of equine hosts have never been reported in the Republic of Korea (Korea). We found motile worms in the aqueous humor of 15 horses (Equus spp.) from 12 localities in southern parts of Korea between January 2004 and November 2017. After the affected animals were properly restrained under sedation and local anesthesia, 10 ml disposable syringe with a 16-gauge needle was inserted into the anterior chamber of the affected eye to successfully remove the parasites. The male worm that was found in 7 of the cases showed a pair of lateral appendages near the posterior terminal end of the body. The papillar arrangement was 3 pairs of precloacal, a pair of adcloacal, and 3 pairs of postcloacal papillae, plus a central papilla just in front of the cloaca. The female worms found in the eyes of 8 horses were characterized by the tapering posterior terminal end of the body with a smooth knob. Worms were all identified as Setaria digitata (von Linstow, 1906) by the morphologic characteristics using light and electron microscopic observations. This is the first blindness cases of 15 horses infected with S. digitata (Nematoda: Filarioidea) in Korea.

• 대한예방의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1994.02a
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• pp.585-595
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• 1994

The region of the respiratory tract where inhaled particles deposit can have important implications for the causation of local or systemic toxic effects. For most aerosols of occupational importance, respiratory tract deposition can be predicted from the aerodynamic diameter of the particles. With the advent of cascade impactors, particularly those of personal sampler size, the determination of the aerodynamic diameters of aerosols has become more common. Some limitations of cascade impactor use are well recognized (e.g., particle bounce and substrate overloading) and are generally correctable. However, two important limitations of the instruments may not be receiving adequate attention: relative humidity effects on potentially hygroscopic aerosols and the collection characteristics of fibrous aerosols as compared to their actual deposition site potential. The results of this study, when compared to results of previous controlled laboratory trials, suggest that, while potentially hygroscopic lead aerosols from lead acid battery plant operations do not appear to be affected by changes in plant environmental humidity levels, the potential - exists for significant size changes upon inhalation. Secondly, fibers were detected in aerodynamic size ranges that would be associated with deep lung deposition; however, upon microscopic examination, these same fibers would actually be predicted to deposit in the upper airways. This study suggests that the physicalchemical properties and morphological features of an aerosol should be carefully considered by industrial hygienists before cascade impactors are used in attempts to predict the effects of inhaled aerosols.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.313-323
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• 2016

Seven types of tests were conducted to experimentally evaluate the material properties of ultral-thick (or 120mm-thick) SM490TMC plate. The investigation of through-thickness properties was among the most significant considerations. All chemical and mechanical test results showed the through-thickness homogeneity as required and conformed to the KS(Korean industrial Standards), although the thickness was 1.5 times thicker than the thickness limit (80mm) imposed by Steel Structure Design Code. No reduction in the yield strength of 120mm-thick SM490TMC plate is recommended for design.