• Journal of Magnetics
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.36-41
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• 2001

A micromagnetic model and a single-domain model simulation programs were used to analyze the sensitivity of a $20\mu m\times 60\mu m \times 1000{\AA}$ permalloy strip as a magnetoresistance sensor with bias fields of various directions and magnitudes. The micromagnetic model agrees with the measured sensitivity data better than the single-domain model. The data show the highest peak sensitivity with the bias field at 90$^{\circ}$to the current. The peak sensitivity decreases and the peak broadens as the bias angle decreases. The simulation using the micromagnetic model shows that a bias angle smaller than 90$^{\circ}$eads to magnetization patterns which are free from closure domains or vertices over a wider range of bias fields.

• 한국자기학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.103-108
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• 2003

미시자기모델과 Stoner-Wohlfarth 모델을 이용하여 미크론 크기로 패터닝(patterning) 된 퍼멀로이 박막의 자기소거장 효과를 분석하였다. 또한 20 $\mu\textrm{m}$$\times$(40 $\mu\textrm{m}$~200 $\mu\textrm{m}$) 크기의 퍼멀로이 박막 시료를 DC 마그네트론 스퍼터링과 광 리소그라피(photo littlography)로 제작하였고, 제작된 시료의 자기저항 특성과 전산시늉에 의한 결과를 비교하였다. 미시자기모델에 의한 결과가 Stoner-Wohlfarth모델에 의한 결과보다 측정 데이터에 더 잘 일치하였다. 전산시늉 결과 미크론 크기로 패터닝 된 자기박막 시료의 경우 Stoner-Wohlfarth 모델에서의 자기소거장 근사식이 수정되어야함을 제안하였다.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.60-64
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• 2004

In this paper calculations of magnetisation and magnetoresistance characteristics of the Spin Valve (SV) and Pseudo Spin Valve (PSV) spintronics structures are reported and compared with the experimental data. The magnetisation reversal process was analysed with respect to the Stoner- Wohlfahrt model of total surface energy in terms of uniaxial anisotropy, exchange coupling between ferromagnetic layers, unidirectional exchange anisotropy of pinned layer (modelled by exchange coupling between magnetisation of pinned layer and net magnetisation of antiferromagnetic layer with high anisotropy). The numerical simulation of the model to the experimental magnetisation data yielded the above parameters for SV and PSV structures. These parameters were used to more sophistically micromagnetic modelling tool originating from the project called Object Oriented Micromagnetic Framework. Influence of the shape anisotropy of the Magnetic Tunnelling Junction cell used in MRAM was simulated by means of micromagnetic simulations. Results were compared to those obtained from the spot Kerr measurements.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.83-86
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• 2006

Controlling magnetic domains in soft underlayer (SUL) of perpendicular magnetic recording (PMR) is an important issue for the application of PMR in HDD. We studied the magnetic domain structures in SUL using the finite element based micromagnetic simulation (FEMM) for the SUL models with different thicknesses. The purpose is to simulate the magnetic domain wall noise when the SUL thickness and saturation magnetization are changed. The simulation results show that a 15 nm SUL forms simpler Neel wall domain wall pattern and 40 nm SUL forms complex Bloch wall. To visualize the effect of these domain walls stray field at a read sensor position, the magnetic stray field of the domain walls at air bearing surface (ABS) which is 50 nm above the SUL was simulated and the results imply that Bloch walls have stronger stray field with more complicated field patterns than Neel walls and this becomes a significant noise source. Therefore, the thickness of the SUL should be controlled to avoid the formation of Bloch walls.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.69-74
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• 1996

Justeresos loops of melt-spun Nd13Fe77B10 cooled down at remanent state were measured at 4.2 K and 250 K. The hysteresis loops were analysed on the basis of the Stoner-Wohlfarth (S-W) model, the inter-grain exchange coupled single domain (SD) model and micromagnetism. The coercivity higher than that predicted from the S-W model and the striking shift of the thin minor loop along the H-axix observed at the fields of Hmax=4MA/m at 4.2 K indicated new evidences for the inter-grain exchange interaction . The S-W model failed in explaining the high iHc and the shift of the thin minor loop. The exchange coupled SD model was found to explain the experimental results qualitatively without difficulties associated with the S-W model. The micromagnetic calculations using a finite element technique simulated the experimental results fairly well quntitatively.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.31-39
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• 2015

Macroscopic hysteresis loops and microscopic magnetic moment distributions have been determined by a three-dimensional (3D) model for exchange-coupled Sm-Co/${\alpha}-Fe$/Sm-Co trilayers with in-plane collinear easy axes. These results are carefully compared with the popular one-dimensional (1D) micromagnetic models and recent experimental data. It is found that the results obtained from the two methods match very well, especially for the remanence and coercivity, justifying the calculations. Both nucleation and coercive fields decrease monotonically as the soft layer thickness $L^s$ increases while the largest maximum energy product (roughly 50 MGOe) occurs when the thicknesses of hard and soft layers are 5 nm and 15 nm, respectively. Moreover, the calculated angular distributions in the thickness direction for the magnetic moments are similar. Nevertheless, the calculated nucleation and pinning fields as well as the energy products by 3D OOMMF are systematically smaller than those given by the 1D model, due mainly to the stray fields at the corners of the films. These demagnetization fields help the magnetic moments at the corners to deviate from the previous saturation state and facilitate the nucleation. Such an effect enhances as $L^s$ increases. When the thicknesses of hard and soft layers are 10 nm and 20 nm, respectively, the pinning field difference is as large as 30%, while the nucleation fields have opposite signs.

• 한국자기학회지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.179-184
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• 1995

{100} 철단결정에 자기장을 가해주거나 혹은 자기장 없이 전류만을 변화 시킬 때의 교류 자기감수율에 관하여 연구 하였다. 작은 자기장과 전류를 철단결정에 걸어줄때, 단결정의 단연적 중앙끈처에는 정사각형 자구가 형성된다. 실험을 통하여 이 자구의 자기화 방향으로 자장을 걸어주변 걸어주는 전류크기와 전류방향의 영향을 받음을 보인다. 이 실험 결과는 전류에의해 중앙에 형성된 자구가 전류의 증감함에따라 변화하는 자구크기로 설명할 수 있다. 실험으로 측정된 자기강수율을 설명하기 위하여 미세 자기이론을 사용하였으며, energy 값을 구히기 위하여 간단한 model을 설정하였다. 이 model로부터 교류 자기감수율을 구할 수 있었으며, 이때 계산한 교류 자기감수율은 한 안정된 구조에서 다른 안정된 구조로 변화하는 전류를 제외한 거의 대부분 전류에 대하여 정량적으로 설명할 수 있었다.

• 한국자기학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2010

강자성 나노선에 형성된 자벽의 자기적 특성을 연구하기 위해 미세 자기 동역학을 이용하여 열적 자기 잡음에 대한 연구를 수행하였다. 열적 요동에 의한 자기 잡음 연구는 자성체의 중요한 물리량인 자화율이나 자기 공명 주파수와 같은 물리적 특성에 대한 정보를 제공해 주며, 이는 스핀 동역학의 연구에 있어서 중요한 역할을 한다. 본 연구는 강자성 나노선에서의 자기 구조가 단일 자구를 형성하고 있는 경우와 두 개의 자구 사이에 자벽이 있는 경우에 대해서 열적 자기 잡음을 분석하였다. 그 중 단일 자구일 경우에 열적 요동에 의한 공명 주파수는 완전한 타원체 모형에서 탈자기화 상수를 고려한 Kittel 방정식으로 매우 잘 설명됨을 확인하였고, 자벽이 존재하는 경우에는 단일 자구에 의한 공명 주파수 이외에 추가된 공명주파수를 확인 할 수 있었다. 국소적인 분석을 통해 앞에서 언급한 추가 공명 주파수는 자벽에서 발생하며 단일 자구에 의한 공명 주파수에 비해서 낮은 주파수를 가짐을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2012

The coercivity of a single 27 nm-spherical barium ferrite (S-BaFe) particle was simulated using three models: 1) Gibbs free energy (GFE), 2) Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert (LLG), and 3) Stoner-Wohlfarth (S-W). Spherically and hexagonally shaped particles were used in the GFE and LLG simulations to investigate coercivity with the different shape anisotropies. The effect of shape was not included in the S-W model. It was found that the models using a spherical shape resulted in a coercivity higher than the models using the hexagonal shape with both shapes having the same diameter. The coercivity estimated with the S-W model was approximately the same as that for the spherical-shape models, which indicates that spherical shape has no significant effect on the particle's coercivity at nanoscale.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.245-249
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• 2013

A finite element model was built for MnBi/${\alpha}$-Fe nanocomposite permanent magnets, and the demagnetization curves of the magnets were simulated by micro-magnetic calculation. The microstructure of the cubic model is composed of 64 irregular grains with an average grain size of 20 nm. With the volume fraction of soft magnetic phase (t vol. %) ranged from 5 to 20 vol. %, both isotropic and anisotropic nanocomposite magnets show typical single-phase permanent magnets behavior in their demagnetization curves, illustrating good intergranular exchange coupling effect between soft and hard magnetic phases. With the increase of volume fraction of soft magnetic phase in both isotropic and anisotropic magnets, the coercive force of the magnets decreases monotonically, while the remanence rises at first to a peak value, then decreases. The optimal values of maximum energy products of isotropic and anisotropic magnets are 84 and $200kJ/m^3$, respectively. Our simulation shows that the MnBi/${\alpha}$-Fe nanocomposite permanent magnets own excellent magnetic properties and therefore good potential for practical applications.