• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제13권7호
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• pp.3285-3294
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• 2012

현장 갯벌에서의 미생물제제와 $CaO_2$처리를 통한 효율성을 관찰하고자 유용미생물 및 미생물과 $CaO_2$를 혼합하여 특수 처리한 제제를 $100m^2$ 크기의 각 처리구에 3.6kg씩 살포하여 6주간 모니터링 결과, 두 처리구로부터 pH 및 ORP는 평균 pH 7이하, ORP는 초기 값(-178 mV ~ -188 mV)에 비해 .121.06 mV ~ -142.06 mV로 다소 상승하였다. 강열감량과 COD의 경우, 큰 변화가 없었으며 질소와 인 계열은 다소 효과가 있었는데 암모니아는 시간이 경과함에 따라 대조구와 더불어 낮아지는 경향을 보였으며 질산성질소의 경우, $CaO_2$와 미생물제제의 혼합처리(11.3%)가 미생물제제 처리(7.3%)보다 질산염농도가 감소한 이유는 산소발생에 의한 어느 정도의 호기화된 조건에서 질산화반응에 의해 퇴적토의 질산염이 수층으로 용출된 결과로 생각되며 이에 따라 총 질소의 농도도 혼합처리에 의한 감소(6.1%)로 이어진 결과라 판단된다. 마찬가지로 인의 경우에도 초기 농도가 다소 높은 수치(T-P는 0.761 mg/g, $PO_4-P$는 0.529 mg/g)를 보였으나 혼합 처리구에서 T-P는 29%, $PO_4-P$는 31.8%의 감소율로 미생물제제보다 인의 용출을 억제시킨 결과로 나타났다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.301-307
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• 2011

유류로 오염된 토양을 토양미생물 복원제를 첨가한 후 다양한 조건에서20일 동안의 유류저감효과를 알아보았다. 실험조건은 유류로만 오염된 토양(DS), 토양미생물 복원제를 20%(w/w)가 되도록 첨가한 유류로 오염된 토양(DSP), 토양 미생물 복원제를 넣은 후 pH를 중성으로 보정한 유류로 오염된 토양(DSP-1), 토양미생물 복원제와 촉진제를 넣은 유류로 오염된 토양(DSP-2), 토양미생물 복원제와 촉진제를 넣은 후 pH를 중성으로 보정한 유류로 오염된 토양(DSP-3)을 설정하였다. 실험 결과 pH를 보정한 토양미생물 복원제를 첨가한 유류오염토양은 탈수소 효소 활성과 TPH 저감에서의 효능이 우수하였다. 실험이10일 경과되었을 때 탈수소 효소 활성이 가장 높은 DSP-1 토양이 TPH 역시 가장 활발히 분해했다. 결과적으로 초기 10일의 배양기간 동안 토양미생물 복원제를 첨가한 토양은 대조군에 비해 38% 가량의 TPH 저감상승효과를 볼 수 있다. 토양미생물 복원제의 첨가를 통해 초기 저감속도를 올려줄 수 있으며, 최종적으로도 비 첨가군에 비해 높은 저감효율을 기대할 수 있다. 토양미생물 복원제를 유류오염토양을 복원한다면 초기 오염물질을 빠르게 처리할 수 있지만 미생물 활성은 pH, 온도 등 환경 인자에 많은 영향을 받으므로 토양미생물 복원제의 효율을 최대화하기 위해서는 환경 인자를 분석하여 이를 바탕으로 복원을 진행한다면 오염물질 정화 효율을 향상시킬 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.97-105
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• 2008

This study examined the contaminated soils with an indicator of TPH using SVE (Soil Vapor Extraction) and biological treatments. Their results are as follows. Water content in the polluted soils slowly decreased from 15% during the initial experimental condition to 10% during the final condition. Purification of polluted soils by Bioventing system is likely to hinder the microbial activity due to decrease of water content. Removal rate of TPH in the upper reaction chamber was a half of initial removal rate at the 25th day of the experiment. The removal rate in the lower reaction chamber was 45% with concentration of 995.4 mg/kg. When the Bioventing is used the removal rate at the 14th day of the experiment was 53%, showing 7 day shortenting. Since the Bioventing method control the microbial activity due to dewatering of the polluted soil, SVE method is likely to be preferable to remove in-situ TPH. The reactor that included microbes and nutrients showed somewhat higher removal rate of TPH than the reactor that included nurtients only during experimental period. In general, the concentration showed two times peaks and then decreased, followed by slight variation of the concentration in low concentration levels. Hence, in contrast to SVE treatment, the biological treatment tend to show continuous repetitive peaks of concentration followed by concentration decrease.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.458-464
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• 2006

토양의 생물학적 복원은 산업화로 무차별하게 오염되어 있는 국내 산업단지 주변과 지하수 환경보전을 위한 경제적 도구로 인식되어왔다. 본 연구는 친환경적 생물복원을 위한 기초자료를 얻기 위하여 유류로 오염된 양토에서 Pseudomonas sp. (KCCM 40055)를 접종한 polyurethane 매체환경을 적용, 유류의 성분중 PAH 분해도를 조사하였다. 다공성 매체로서 재현성이 뛰어나며 미생물 부착에 활용되어 온 polyurethane foam을 사용하여 미생물 부착성을 아울러 조사하였다. 사용된 PU중 최저공극 foam인 SR9-35C/G 의 경우 부착률과 PAH분해율이 가장 높았으며 토양함수율 증가에 따라 그 효율이 증가하였다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.593-601
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• 2012

Heavy metals and metalloids removal can be considered as one of the most important world challenges because of their toxicity and direct impact on human health. Many processes have been introduced but biological processes of remediation seem to offer the most suitable solution in terms of efficiency and low cost. Actinobacteria constitute one of the major microbial populations in soil, and this can be attributed to their adaptive morphological structure as well as their exceptional metabolic power. Among microbes, actinobacteria are morphologic intermediate between fungi and bacteria. Studies on microbial diversities in metal contaminated lands have shown that actinobacteria may constitute a dominantly active microbiota in addition to ${\alpha}$ Proteobacteria. Furthermore, isolation studies have shown metal removal mechanisms which are reminiscent of notable multiresistant strains, such as Cupriavidus metallidurans. Apart from members of genus Streptomyces, which produce more than 90% of commercialized antibiotics, and the nitrogen fixing Frankia, little attention has been given to other members of this phylum. This is because of difficult culture condition requirements and maintenance. In this review, we focused on specific isolation of actinobacteria and their potential applications in metal bioremediation and plant growth promotion.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.19-24
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• 2004

The objective of this study was to develop a mechanistically based mathematical model that would consider the interdependence of VOCs transport, microbial activity, and sorptive interactions in a moist, unsaturated soil. Because the focus of the model was on description of natural attenuation, the advective VOCs transport that is induced in engineered remediation processes such as vapor extraction was not considered. The utility of the model was assessed through its ability to describe experimental observations from diffusion experiments using toluene as a representative VOCs in well-defined soil columns that contained a toluene degrading bacterium, Pseudomonas putida G7 md Fl, as the sole active microbial species. The gas-liquid mass-transfer was found to be a key parameter controlling the ability of bacteria to degrade VOCs. This finding indicates that soil size and geometry are likely to be important parameters in assessing the possible success of natural attenuation of VOCs in contaminated unsaturated soils. Therefore we found that Pseudomonas putida G7 and Fl were very effective to remove of refractory pollutants such as toluene in soil by Bio-filter

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2004년도 임시총회 및 추계학술발표회
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• pp.186-190
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• 2004

The electrokinetic bioremediation employing electrolyte circulation method was carried out for the cleanup of phenanthrene-contaminated kaolinite, and microorganism used in the biodegradation of phenanthrene was Sphingomonas sp. 3Y. The electrolyte circulation method supplied ionic nutrientsand the microorganism into soil, and inhibited the significant pH change of soil by increasing the soil buffering capacity by providing phosphate buffer compounds. When the remediation process was conducted without surfactant, the removal efficiency of phenanthrene, at the initial concentration of 200 ppm, was 69% for only 7 days. Higher microbial population and lower phenanthrene concentration were observed in the anode and middle regions of soil specimen than in the cathode region. The higher density of microorganism was because the microbial movement was in the direction of the anode part due to the negative surface charge. When Triton X-100 and APG of 20 g/1 were used to improve the bioavailability of phenanthrene strongly adsorbed onto soil surface, about 90 and 39% of phenanthrene removal were obtained. Consequently, it was confirmed that the microorganism preferred APC to phenanthrene as carbon source and so the removal efficiency with APG decreased less than that without APG.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.704-715
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• 2006

Oil spill was found in 1999 from a diesel storage facility located near the top of Baekun Mountain in Uiwang City. Application of bioremediation techniques was very relevant in removing oil spills in this site, because the geological condition was not amenable for other onsite remediation techniques. For efficient bioremediation, bacterial communities of the contaminated site and the uncontaminated control site were compared using both molecular and cultivation techniques. Soil bacterial populations were observed to be stimulated to grow in the soils contaminated with diesel hydrocarbon, whereas fungal and actinomycetes populations were decreased by diesel contamination. Most of the dieseldegrading bacteria isolated from contaminated forest soils were strains of Pseudomonas, Ralstonia, and Rhodococcus species. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis revealed that the profiles were different among the three contaminated sites, whereas those of the control sites were identical to each other. Analysis of 16S rDNA sequences of dominant isolates and clones showed that the bacterial community was less diverse in the oil-contaminated site than at the control site. Sequence analysis of the alkane hydroxylase genes cloned from soil microbial DNAs indicated that their diversity and distribution were different between the contaminated site and the control site. The results indicated that diesel contamination exerted a strong selection on the indigenous microbial community in the contaminated site, leading to predominance of well-adapted microorganisms in concurrence with decrease of microbial diversity.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2002년도 추계학술발표회
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• pp.3-6
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• 2002

Electron transfer is the major natural process governing the behavior of contaminants in soils and groundwaters. Biological degradation of contaminants, i.e., microbial transformation of hazardous compounds, is a well known irreversible electron transfer process. Although it is not well defined as a separate process, abiotic electron-transfer is also an important process for mobilizing/demobilizing inorganic contaminants in soils and groundwaters. Therefore, numerous remedial technologies have been developed on the basis of electron transfer concept. Among them,

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2004년도 임시총회 및 추계학술발표회
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• pp.63-67
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• 2004

A field pilot study on remediation of diesel-contaminated soil by hot air injection/extraction process constructing soil piling system was conducted to evaluate the effects of hot air on the removal of diesel and each constituent. After the heating process of 2 months, the equilibrium temperature of soil reached to 10$0^{\circ}C$ and soil TPH concentration was reduced to about 72% against the initial concentration. Additional extraction process of 2 months induced the continuous extraction of residual diesel and the increment of microbial activity, which made soil TPH concentration reduced to 95%. In addition biological removal of non volatile constituents in diesel was verified indirectly and the removal pattern of each DRO(diesel range organic) as soil temperature was explained.