• 한국균학회지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.333-340
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• 2014

미생물을 이용한 생물학적 방제제의 개발을 위해 연작피해가 없는 순창군 토양으로부터 다양한 미생물 201종을 분리하였고, 이들의 생물학적 활성을 조사하였다. 201종의 분리 세균 중에서 다양한 식물병원성 곰팡이에 대하여 항균활성이 우수한 5종을 선별하였다. 5종의 분리주에 대하여 siderophore를 생산하며 cellulase, protease, amylase와 같은 곰팡이 세포벽 분해효소를 생산하는 능력이 가장 우수한 SCS3 균주를 최종 선별하였다. 최종 선별한 균주 SCS3의 형태학적, 생리학적 및 생화학적 특성을 조사하였고, 16S rRNA 염기서열의 분석에 의해 B. subtilis SCS3으로 명명하였으며, 염기서열 분석에 기반하여 계통수를 작성하였다. 이상의 결과로부터 B. subtilis SCS3은 식물병원성 곰팡이의 방제를 위한 생물학적 방제제로 유용하게 이용될 수 있을 것으로 생각한다.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제36권9호
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• pp.1384-1392
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• 2023

Objective: Replacing soybean meal (SBM) with cricket (Gryllus bimaculatus) meal pellets (CMP) in concentrate diets was investigated for feed efficiency, ruminal fermentation and microbial protein synthesis in Thai native beef cattle. Methods: Four male beef cattle were randomly assigned to treatments using a 4×4 Latin square design with four levels of SBM replaced by CMP at 0%, 33%, 67%, and 100% in concentrate diets. Results: Results revealed that replacement of SBM with CMP did not affect dry matter (DM) consumption, while digestibilities of crude protein, acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber were significantly enhanced (p<0.05) but did not alter digestibility of DM and organic matter. Increasing levels of CMP up to 100% in concentrate diets increased ruminal ammoniacal nitrogen (NH₃-N) concentrations, blood urea nitrogen, total volatile fatty acids and propionate concentration (p<0.05), whereas production of methane and protozoal populations decreased (p<0.05). Efficiency of microbial nitrogen protein synthesis increased when SBM was replaced with CMP. Conclusion: Substitution of SBM with CMP in the feed concentrate mixture at up to 100% resulted in enhanced nutrient digestibility and rumen fermentation efficiency, with increased volatile fatty acids production, especially propionate and microbial protein synthesis, while decreasing protozoal populations and mitigating rumen methane production in Thai native beef cattle fed a rice straw-based diet.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.257-262
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 타우린 첨가가 김치 발효 과정중의 미생물학적 변화에 미치는 영향에 대하여 알아보았다. 대조군은 타우린을 첨가하지 않았으며, Taurine I, II 및 III군은 각각 1, 2 및 4%의 타우린(w/w, 배추 기준)을 첨가하여 제조하였다. 모든 군의 pH는 발효가 진행됨에 따라 점차적으로 저하되다가 pH 4.0 정도에 도달한 후부터는 거의 변화가 없었다. 총균수는 김치의 숙성이 진행됨에 따라 초기에 급속히 증가한 후 완만한 증가를 하였다. 최대 총균수는 대조군이 발효 5일째 가장 많았고, Taurine I이 9일째, Taurine II가 발효 23일째, Taurine III가 발효 18일째의 순으로 나타났다. 대조군의 적숙기에서의 총 젖산균 수는 발효 9일째 $1.3{\times}10^9$ CFU/mL였으며, 타우린 김치의 총젖산균 수는 적숙기 8~18일 사이에 가장 많게 나타났으며($8.9{\times}10^8{\sim}1.3{\times}10^9$ CFU/mL), 타우린의 첨가는 김치 발효 중 젖산균의 생육 활성을 지연시킴을 알 수 있었다. 특히 타우린 첨가군의 Leuconostoc속 젖산균 생육 활성이 지연되어 김치의 숙성 기간이 대조군에 비해 연장되는 것으로 사료된다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.254-263
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• 2024

한국의 장은 콩을 발효시켜 만든 식품으로 대표적인 종류로는 고추장, 된장, 청국장, 간장이 있다. 본 연구에서는 콩 발효식품의 미생물 군집을 분석하고, 각 장류의 유형에 따른 미생물 군집 구조 차이에 영향을 미치는 미생물(biomarker)과 분포 차이를 비교하기 위해 총 200종의 장류 시료를 next-generation sequencing을 통해 16S rRNA 마이크로바이옴 분석을 수행하였다. Alpha-diversity 분석 결과 종 풍부도를 나타내는 지수 CHAO는 고추장과 청국장에서 분석에서 된장과 간장 그룹에 비해 유의미하게 높은 경향을 보였다 (p<0.001). 네 가지 장류의 미생물 분포 분석 결과 목(order) 수준에서 Bacillales가 고추장, 된장, 청국장 그룹에서 우세한 반면, 간장의 경우 Lactobacillales가 우세한 것으로 차이가 나타났다. LEfSe (Linear dis- criminant analysis Effect Size)분석을 통해 전통 장류의 과(family)와 종(species) 수준에서 바이오마커를 분석하였다. Leuconostocaceae, Thermoactinomycetaceae, Bacillaceae, Enterococcaceae가 과 수준에서 장 유형에 따른 미생물 군집 구조 차이에 큰 기여를 하는 바이오마커로 나타났으며, Bacillus subtilis, kroppenstedtia sanguinis, Bacillus licheniformis, Tetragenococcus halophilus가 종 수준에서 네 종류의 발효식품을 미생물학적으로 분류할 수 있는 가장 중요한 특징으로 나타났다. PERMANOVA (Permutational multivariate analysis of variance) 분석 결과 네 가지 장류는 미생물 군집 구조가 통계학적으로 유의미한 차이가 나타났으며 (p=0.001), 그 중 간장 그룹의 미생물 군집 구조가 가장 차이를 보였다. 본 연구의 결과는 한국 발효식품의 미생물학적 분포 특성과 장류 유형별 미생물 군집 구조차이에 영향을 미치는 미생물을 규명하였으며, 발효과정에 참여하는 미생물에 대한 지식을 넓히고 발효 콩 식품의 품질을 향상시키는 데 도움이 될 것으로 기대한다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.158-162
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• 1995

The effect of carbon and nitrogen sources on the production of novel aminopeptidase M inhibitors MR-387A and B by Streptomyces sp. SL-387 has been studied. High D-glucose and ammonia concentrations (5$\%$ and 1$\%$, respectively) exerted a negative influence on the inhibitor formation. The suppressive effect of glucose on the inhibitor formation is probably caused by an effect of medium pH rather than that of cyclic AMP. To establish the optimum conditions for inhibitor overproduction, various nitrogen sources and ammonium ion-trapping agents were examined. The use of ammonia slow-releasing nitrogen sources such as soybean meal and fish meal, or ammonium ion-trapping agents such as kaoline, celite, and natural zeolite achieved the enhancement of inhibitor production. These results also indicate that inhibitor formation is affected by ammonium ion repression.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.213-217
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• 1995

The effect of inorganic phosphate on the fermentative production of aminopeptidase M inhibitors MR-387A and B by Streptomyces sp. SL-387 has been studied. With inorganic phosphate concentrations higher than 0.78 mM, an inverse correlation was found between the maximum inhibitor production and the initial phosphate concentration added. Growth sensitivity of this actinomycete to arsenate, a phosphate analogue, and the use of magnesium carbonate, a phosphate-trapping agent, suggested that the inhibitor formation was under phosphate repression. Exogenous ATP further increased the degree of phosphate interference in both phosphate-repressed and non repressed culture conditions. The use of a phosphate analogue and a protein synthesis inhibitor also suggested that the phosphate itself repressed inhibitor formation.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.19-22
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• 2011

Microbial metabolism of trans-2-dodecenal (1) was studied. Screening studies have revealed a number of microorganisms that are capable of metabolizing trans-2-dodecenal (1). Scale-up fermentation with Penicillium chrysogenum resulted in the production of two microbial metabolites. These metabolites were identified using spectroscopic methods as trans-2-dodecenol (2) and trans-3-dodecenoic acid (3).

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.289-293
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• 1996

Population changes of aerobic bacteria and lactic acid bacteria and changes of pH, acidity, and total sugar content were creased from initial period of fermentation. Lactic acid bacteria Increased during the first one nay rapidly and thereafter they creased slowly thereafter. Acidity increased on the third day of fermentation. Acidity was very low In Kimchi containing both Total sugar content decreased gradually from initial period to late period of fermentation.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.110-119
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• 2016

High-solid anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge achieves highly efficient volatile solid reduction, and production of volatile fatty acid (VFA) and methane compared with conventional low-solid anaerobic digestion. In this study, the potential mechanisms of the better performance in high-solid anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge were investigated by using 454 high-throughput pyrosequencing and real-time PCR to analyze the microbial characteristics in sewage sludge fermentation reactors. The results obtained by 454 highthroughput pyrosequencing revealed that the phyla Chloroflexi, Bacteroidetes, and Firmicutes were the dominant functional microorganisms in high-solid and low-solid anaerobic systems. Meanwhile, the real-time PCR assays showed that high-solid anaerobic digestion significantly increased the number of total bacteria, which enhanced the hydrolysis and acidification of sewage sludge. Further study indicated that the number of total archaea (dominated by Methanosarcina) in a high-solid anaerobic fermentation reactor was also higher than that in a low-solid reactor, resulting in higher VFA consumption and methane production. Hence, the increased key bacteria and methanogenic archaea involved in sewage sludge hydrolysis, acidification, and methanogenesis resulted in the better performance of high-solid anaerobic sewage sludge fermentation.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제58권5호
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• pp.21.1-21.8
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• 2016

Background: The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of feeding trace mineralsfortified mixed microbial culture (TMC) on ruminal fermentation, nutrient digestibility, blood electrolyte status, nitrogen balance, and trace mineral balance in sheep. Methods: Mixed microbes [0.6 % (v/w) of Enterobacter sp., Bacillus sp., Lactobacillus sp., and Saccharomyces sp.] were cultured with 99 % feedstuffs and 0.4 % trace minerals including zinc and copper for ensiling. Six sheep (a mean body weight of $46.5{\pm}1.2kg$) were fed two diets: a control diet (concentrate mix and rye straw) and an experimental diet (a control diet + 3.1 % TMC). Results: TMC feeding did not induce negative effects on ruminal fermentation, nutrient digestibility, blood electrolytes, and nitrogen balance in sheep. Feeding with TMC increased the intake of trace minerals (p < 0.05) and did not affect absorption of trace minerals in the whole digestive tract. Feeding with TMC increased fecal excretion and absorbable intake, and retention of zinc and copper (p < 0.05) by 71 % and 77 %, respectively. Conclusion: Feeding with TMC resulted in higher zinc and copper bioavailability and retention without any adverse effects on sheep performance.