• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.1575-1579
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• 2015

Some microRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to act as oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes in human melanomas. miR-328 is upregulated in blood cells of melanoma patients compared to in healthy controls. This suggests a role for miR-328 in melanoma that warrants investigation. In this study, we demonstrated miR-328 levels to be dramatically decreased in human melanoma cell lines. Moreover, forced expression of miR-328 inhibited proliferation and induced G1-phase arrest of the SK-MEL-1 melanoma cell line. We identified TGFB2 as a direct target gene for miR-328 using a fluorescent reporter assay and western blotting. Levels of TGFB2 were dramatically increased in human melanoma cell lines and were inversely correlated with the miR-328 expression level. Our findings provide new insights into the mechanisms of human melanoma development, indicating that miR-328 has therapeutic potential for this disease.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.315-328
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• 2019

Purpose: To investigate the clinical value of serum miR-221-3p and miR-122-5p expression levels in the diagnosis and prognosis of gastric cancer. Materials and Methods: Serum samples from 141 gastric cancer cases (gastric cancer group), 110 gastric polyps (gastric polyp group), and 75 healthy people (healthy control) were used to detect miR-221-3p and miR-122-5p expression using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Results: Serum miR-221-3p expression was significantly higher in the gastric cancer group than in the gastric polyp group, and it was significantly lower than that before operation. The miR-221-3p expression was significantly higher in the death group than in the survival group. The proliferation and migration ability significantly increased and the apoptosis rate significantly decreased by miR-221-3p transfection in gastric cancer cells. In contrast, the function of miR-122-5p in gastric cancer cells was opposite of miR-221-3p. Serum miR-221-3p expression was negatively correlated with that of miR-122-5p in gastric cancer. Serum miR-221-3p and miR-122-5p expressions were significantly correlated with the degree of differentiation, tumor, node, metastasis stage, lymph node metastasis, and invasion depth. miR-221-3p and miR-122-5p expression levels were independent prognostic factors for postoperative gastric cancer. In the diagnosis and predicting prognosis of gastric cancer, receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed that the area under curve of combined detection of serum miR-221-3p and miR-122-5p expression had a greater diagnostic effect than either single maker. Conclusions: The miR-221-3p and miR-122-5p are involved in the development of gastric cancer, and they have important clinical values in gastric cancer diagnosis and prognosis.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.323-328
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• 2014

MicroRNAs comprise a family of small noncoding RNAs that modulate physiological processes, including adipogenesis. MicroRNA-17 (miR-17) promotes adipocyte differentiation and enhances lipid accumulation. The transcriptional regulation of miR-17 during adipogenesis remains unknown. In this study, we investigated whether miR-17 is a target of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ${\gamma}$ ($PPAR{\gamma}$), which is a key regulator of adipogenesis. The levels of miR-17 and the expression of $PPAR{\gamma}$ increased after the induction of adipocyte differentiation. Three putative peroxisome proliferator response elements (PPREs) were identified in the miR-17 promoter region. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter assays, we observed the interaction of $PPAR{\gamma}$ with the miR-17 promoter. Mutagenesis experiments showed that the -677/-655 region of the miR-17 promoter could function as a PPRE site. These results suggest that $PPAR{\gamma}$ is essential for transcriptional activation of the miR-17 gene, thereby contributing to understanding the molecular mechanism of adipogenesis in adipocytes.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.61-67
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• 2018

This study was conducted to ascertain the mediating effects of aggression in high school students' relationship with smartphone overuse and cyberbullying. Data were collected from 328 high school students in K city using self-report questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 22.0 and AMOS 22.0. The results show that cyberbullying has a positive correlation with smatrphone overuse(r=.321, p<.001) and aggression(r=.397, p<.001). Smartphone overuse had a direct effect on aggression(${\beta}=.195$, p=.014) and aggression had a direct effect on cyberbullying(${\beta}=.260$, p=.007). In addition, the mediation effects of aggression on the relationship between smartphone overuse and cyberbullying were confirmed(${\beta}=.051$, p=.007). In order to reduce cyberbullying in high school students, it will be necessary to develop cyber ethical awareness education programs to reduce aggression as well as regulations on excessive use of smartphones.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.153-164
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• 2008

Purpose: The principal objective of this study was to identify correlations among elder image, self-efficacy and burden among family caregivers caring for elders with chronic disease. Methods: A total of 187 primary family caregivers caring for frail elders over 65 years of age participated in this study. The data were collected using the Elder Image Scale (EIS), the Self-Efficacy Scale (SES), and the Burden Scale (BS). Correlational analysis was utilized to determine the relationship between EIS, SES, and BS. Results: EIS scores and SES scores were correlated at r=-.188(p=.010), indicating a significant negative relationship between elder image and self-efficacy. SES scores were negatively correlated with the BS scores (r=-.328, p=.000). EIS scores were correlated significantly with BS scores (r=.298, p=.000). Conclusion: These findings support the assertion that perceptions of elders and belief about caregivers themselves are associated with burden.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.25 no.12
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• pp.683-689
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• 2015

In this study, the properties of Ag-coated $TiO_2$ nanoparticles were observed, while varying the molar ratio of water and $Ag^+$ for the surfactant and $TiO_2$. According to the XRD results, each nanoparticle showed a distinctive diffraction pattern. The intensity of the respective peaks and the sizes of the nanoparticles increased in the order of AT1($R_1=5$)(33.3 nm), AT2($R_1=10$)(38.1 nm), AT3($R_1=20$)(45.7 nm), AT4($R_1=40$)(48.6 nm) as well as AT5($R_2=0.2$, $R_3=0.5$)(41.4 nm), AT6($R_2=0.3$, $R_3=1$)(45.1 nm), AT7($R_2=0.5$, $R_3=1.5$)(49.3 nm), AT8($R_2=0.7$, $R_3=2$)(57.2 nm), which values were consistent with the results of the UV-Vis. spectrum. The surface resistance of the conductive pastes fabricated using the prepared Ag-coated $TiO_2$ nanoparticles exhibited a range 7.0~9.0($274{\sim}328{\mu}{\Omega}/cm^2$) times that of pure silver paste(ATP)($52{\mu}{\Omega}/cm^2$).

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.38 no.11
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• pp.827-832
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• 1994

The crystal structure of bis(N-methylphenazinium) bis(oxalato)palladate(II) has been determined by X-ray crystallography. Crystal data: ((C_{13}H_{11}N_2)_2[Pd(C_2O_4)_2]) $M_w$ = 672.93, Triclinic, Space Group P1 (No = 2), a = 7.616(8), b = 9.842(3), c = $20.335(7)\AA$, $\alpha$ = 103.53(3), $\beta$ = 90.00(5), $\gamma$ = $112.38(5)^{\circ}$, Z = 2, $V = 1363(2){\AA}^3\;D_c = 1.639\;gcm^{-3},\;{\mu} = 7.3\;cm^{-1},\;F(000) = 680.0$. The intensity data were collected with $Mo-K\alpha$ radiation (${\lambda}$= 0.7107\;\AA)$ on an automatic four-circle diffractometer with a graphite monochromater. The structure was solved by Patterson method and refined by full matrix least-square methods using Killean & Lawrence weights. The final R and S values were $R = 0.069,\;R_w = 0.050,\;R_{all} = 0.069$ and S = 5.45 for 3120 observed reflections. Both cation and anion complexes are essentially planar and have dihedral angles of 6.3(6) and $57.06(6)^{\circ}$ between their planes. The planar complex anions are sandwiched between slightly bent cations. The interplanar separations of two triads are 3.328 and 3.463 $\AA$, respectively. The triads are stacked along b-axis, but their orientations are different based on dihedral angle $59.08(9)^{\circ}$ of two complex anions.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.328-341
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to analyze the achievements in science results of the TIMSS-R test, which was performed in 1999 with 38 nations participating. In this study, general trends in international science achievement considering the differences beween nation, content areas, and gender were analyzed through descriptive statics. The average scale score of Korean 8th grades students was 549, which was significantly higher than international average of 488. However it showed a relative decline from 4th grade in TIMSS to 8th grade in TIMSS-R. Chinese Taipei and Singapore students had the highest average performance, followed by Hungary, Japan, and Korea. The average gender differences of Korean students showed a decrease from TIMSS in 1995 to TlMSS-R in 1999, but it was still significantly higher than the international average. The average differences of overall science and each content area were not statistically significant both internationally and domestically.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.328-331
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• 2012

Microbial diversity in the 1500 m depth sea waters off the coast of Ulleung island of the East Sea, Korea, was investigated. Genomic DNAs were extracted directly from the marine microbes filtered through ultramembrane filters. Pyrosequencing of 16S rDNAs of these microbes resulted in 13,029 reads, of which uncultured bacteria consisted of 54.1%, alphaproteobacteria 23.4%, and gammaproteobacteria 22.3%. Other classes such as flavobacteria, actinobacteria, and epsilonproteobacteria were distributed within 0.2% of total reads. Among the cultivable bacteria, it was found that Rhodobacteraceae family of alphaproteobacteria, Alteromonadaceae, Halomonadaceae, and Piscirickettsiaceae families of gammaproteobacteria were mostly distributed in the deep-sea waters.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.69-79
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• 2018

This study examines and measures the enhancement of intrinsic motivation in learners who have been part of the e-Learning system (www.englishbuddy.kr) for elementary-level English learning, developed based on the systematic application of the motivation theory as dictated by 'interest' and 'self-determination' and put into practice at 3,100 private tutoring institutions. According to the survey conducted on 328 learners in the e-Learning system inspired by the motivation theory and on 150 learners in other English programs, the former was found to have stimulated 'interest' and satisfied 'psychological desire' in the learners, leading to the development of 'specific strategies to motivate learners.' The study has clearly identified how learners are better motivated in the e-Learning environment, demonstrating its contributions to advancing e-Learning, building a practical e-Learning system based on a systematic motivation theory defined by 'interest' and 'self-determination,' and applying the system to some 16,000 learners at 3,100 private tutoring institutions.