• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
• /
• v.49 no.1
• /
• pp.67-74
• /
• 2023

In this study, for a natural cosmetics market, we sought to explore alternatives that can replace polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) of peel-off packs. A peel-off type pack was prepared by combining pullulan, a water-soluble polysaccharide, and other polysaccharides (sodium hyaluronate, cellulose gum, hydroxyethyl cellulose, sodium alginate, corn starch), and the pH, viscosity, and stability against temperature of each peel-off type pack were confirmed. The thickness and tensile strength of the manufactured film were measured for comparison with the PVA peel-off type pack, and applicability, drying speed, and removal degree were measured. Among them, the pullulan-sodium hyaluronate peel-off type pack showed excellent film formation ability to replace the peel-off type pack containing PVA with 5.12% thin film thickness and 4.23% high film tensile strength. When applied to actual skin, the degree of spread of the pack, the usability that can be uniformly applied, and the formation and removal strength of the film when removed after drying were also similar to the peel-off type pack containing PVA. Therefore, it was confirmed that the film formed of pullulan-sodium hyaluronate showed enough physical properties to replace the PVA of the peel-off type pack as a natural peel-off type pack.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
• /
• v.31 no.5
• /
• pp.327-334
• /
• 2016

This study was conducted to establish the standard method for the contents of biotin in milk formulas. To optimize the method, we compared several conditions for liquid extraction, purification and instrumental measurement using spiked samples and certified reference material (NIST SRM 1849a) as test materials. LC-MS/MS method for biotin was established using $C_{18}$ column and binary gradient 0.1% formic acid/acetonitrile, 0.1% formic acid/water mobile phase is applied for biotin. Product-ion traces at m/z 245.1 ${\rightarrow}$ 227.1, 166.1 are used for quantitative analysis of biotin. The linearity was over $R^2=0.999$ in range of $5{\sim}60{\mu}g/L$. For purification, chloroform was used as a solvent for eliminating lipids in milk formula. The linearity was over 0.999 in range of 5~60 ng/mL. The detection limit and quantification limit were 0.10, 0.31 ng/mL. The accuracy and precision of LC-MS/MS method using CRM were 103%, 2.5% respectively. Optimized methods were applied in sample analysis to verify the reliability. All the tested milk formulas were acceptable contents of biotin compared with component specification and standards for nutrition labeling. The standard operating procedures were prepared for biotin to provide experimental information and to strengthen the management of nutrient in milk formula.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.6-10
• /
• 2000

Purpose: To evaluate whether the urinary creatinine concentration is a reliable reference value to standardize urinary solute excretion in a spot urine sample during the first week of life. Methods: Spontaneously voided urine specimens were obtained in 49 healthy full term neonates, and in 33 healthy older children with the median ages of $5.7{\pm}4.3$ years, two urine samples were available with an interval of 2 to 3 days. Urine creatinine concentration was determined by the Jaffe test(CoBAS, Integra, Roche, Swiss). Uurine osmolality was determined by the freezing point depression test(Multi-osmette, Precision, USA). Results: Mean urinary creatinine and osmolality values of the first urine samples were not significantly different with the second urine samples in each group. Mean urinary creatinine and osmolality values in neonates were significantly different from the older children of the each urine sample(P<0.01). In neonates, the mean of the urinary oreatinine/osmolality ratios was higher than that of the older children(P<0.01). The urinary creatinine and the creatinine/osmolality values of the first urine samples were closely correlated with those of the second samples in both two groups(P<0.001). Conclusion: The urinary creatinine concentration during the first day of life is relatively stable, even when corrected for urinary osmolality The urinary creatinine and the urinary creatinine/osmolality ratio, therefore, can be used to standardize the urinary excretion of solutes in the neonate.

• Progress in Medical Physics
• /
• v.23 no.4
• /
• pp.261-268
• /
• 2012

Breast cancer is the second leading cause of women cancer death in Korea. The key for reducing disease mortality is early detection. Although digital mammography (DM) has been credited as one of the major reasons for the early detection to decrease in breast cancer mortality observed in the last 20 years, DM is far from perfect for several limitations. Digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) is expected to overcome some inherent limitations of conventional mammography caused by overlapping of normal tissue and pathological tissue during the standard 2D projections for the improved lesion margin visibility and early breast cancer detection. In this study, we compared a DM system and DBT system acquired with different thickness of breast phantom. We acquired breast phantom data with same average glandular dose (AGD) from 1 mGy to 4 mGy under same experimental condition. The contrast, micro-calcification measurement accuracy and observer study were conducted with breast phantom images. As a result, the higher accuracy of lesion detection with DBT system compared to DM system was demonstrated in this study. Furthermore, the pain of patients caused by severe compression can be reduced with DBT system. In conclusion, the results indicated that DBT system play an important role in breast cancer detection.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.75-79
• /
• 2016

Purpose The ASAN Medical Center, Nuclear Medicine performs TSH (Thyroid stimulating hormone) and FT4 (Free Thyroxine) tests 8 times per day. Accordingly, 70 ~ 80 kit tubes are consumed every day for the measurements and the time consumed for reagent dispensing averages over 170 seconds, where the TAT (turnaround time) may be effected when the number of test samples is larger than expected. Therefore, the following test was conducted with the purpose to reduce the number of kit tubes consumed, and reduce the time for reagent dispensing. Materials and Methods The test is based on applying the same reagent for tests where the number of samples is 30 or less. The test for TSH was conducted 9 times from July $1^{st}$ 2015 to July $10^{th}$ 2015. The test for FT4 was conducted 4 times from June $18^{th}$ 2015 to June $22^{nd}$, 2015. Standard Solution No.2 (0.153 uU/mL) and No.5 (4.96 uU/mL) was selected as the two-point standards for the TSH test, and Standard Solution No.3 (0.777 ng/dL) and No.4 (2.044 ng/dL) was selected as the two-point standards for the FT4 test. 38 test samples were subject to correlation analysis. Results For TSH, the result of the normal test shows ranges of 0.20 ~ 0.37 uU/mL for Control1, 0.53 ~ 0.71 uU/mL for Control2, and 6.77 ~ 7.94uU/mL for Control3, while the result of two-point calibration curve test shows ranges of 0.18 ~ 0.27 uU/mL for Control1, 0.53 ~ 0.71 uU/mL for Control2, and 7.30 ~ 8.52 uU/mL for Control3. For FT4, the result of the normal test shows ranges of 0.85 ~ 0.94 ng/dL for Control1 and 4.23 ~ 4.57 ng/dL for Control2, while the result of two-point calibration curve test shows ranges of 0.61 ~ 0.75 ng/dL for Control1 and 3.88 ~ 5.71 ng/dL for Control2. For TSH, the CV% of the normal test for Control1, Control2 and Control3 are 10.5, 3.3 and 3.6 respectively, while the CV% of the two-point calibration curve test for Control1 and Control1 are 12.4, 8.2 and 5.1 respectively. The result shows an outstanding correlation of TSH: y = 0.9985x - 0.0459 $R^2=0.9986$. For FT4, the CV% of the normal test for Control1 and Control2 are 0.70 and 0.71 respectively, while the CV% of the two-point calibration curve test for Control1 and Control1 are 8.7 and 16.2 respectively. The result shows an outstanding correlation of FT4: y = 1.2674x - 0.1133 $R^2=0.9824$. Conclusion The two-point calibration curve can be efficiently applied for TSH in cases where the number of test samples is not large, since the number of samples to be re-tested increases when the result is abnormal from the calibration curve. The two-point calibration curve test should not be applied for FT4 where the results do not consistently comply with the quality assessment range. Depending on how the two-point calibration curve is applied, up to 5 test tubes can be conserved per test, and the reduced time for reagent dispensing is anticipated to have a positive effect on the TAT (turnaround time).

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• v.48 no.7
• /
• pp.772-778
• /
• 2005

Purpose : Kawasaki disease(KD) is a systemic panvasculitis that causes coronary artery lesions. KD is accompanied by immunoregulatory abnormalities. Nitric oxide(NO) can induce relaxation of blood vessels by activating guanylate cyclase in smooth muscle cells and high levels of NO may result in coronary artery lesions. We investigated tumor necrosis factor$(TNF)-{\alpha}$ and NO production before and after intravenous immunoglobulin(IVIG) therapy to study the roles of NO and $TNF-{\alpha}$ in KD with coronary artery lesions. Methods : Serum levels of NO and $TNF-{\alpha}$ were measured in 24 patients with KD(group I, eight patients with normal coronary artery; group II, 16 patients with coronary artery lesions) and 23 controls(group III, 13 afebrile controls; group IV, 10 febrile controls). Blood samples from each subject were drawn before and after IVIG therapy and in the convalescent stage. Serum concentrations of NO and $TNF-{\alpha}$ were measured by enzyme linked immuno sorbent assay. Results : The NO levels before IVIG therapy were significantly higher in group II than in group I, group III and group IV. After IVIG therapy the levels of NO were significantly higher in group I and group II than in group III. The $TNF-{\alpha}$ levels before IVIG therapy were significantly higher in group I and group II than in group III. The serum $TNF-{\alpha}$ and NO levels were higher before IVIG therapy and decreased through the convalescent stage in KD patients. In the acute stage of KD patients with coronary artery lesions, serum NO levels significantly correlated with white blood cells (r=0.43, P<0.05). Conclusion : The serum concentration levels of $TNF-{\alpha}$ and NO were abnormally high in KD patients and NO concentrations were statistically higher in the KD patients with coronary artery abnormalities than those without coronary abnormality during the early stage of the KD. These results suggest NO may be involved in the development of coronary artery lesions.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.46 no.4
• /
• pp.395-403
• /
• 2014

This study aimed to investigate the activities of phytochemical and bioactive components from 24 new varieties of red pepper obtained by crossbreeding different Korean red pepper lines. The ASTA (American Spice Trade Association) color values ranged from 116.69 to 249.83 and the total carotenoid content ranged from 3.19 to 6.11 mg/g dried red pepper. The free sugar content ranged from 43.41 to 199.54 mg/g, and the fructose content was found to be higher than the glucose content. The ascorbic acid, total polyphenol, and flavonoid contents were found to be 8.08-11.53 mg/g, 7.93-14.26 mg gallic acid/g, and 4.24-10.07 mg quercetin/g dried pepper, respectively. Overall, the total polyphenol contents of the new varieties were found to be higher than the average content of Korean red peppers. The total capsaicinoid content in the new varieties varied widely from 0.42 to 237.87 mg/100 g dried pepper. The pepper-methanol extract antioxidant activities of 'variety 2, 4, 8, 9' were higher than others. A high correlation was observed between the antioxidant activities and the polyphenol contents (r=0.804, r=0.701).

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.42 no.6
• /
• pp.721-726
• /
• 2010

The objective of this study was to evaluate several varieties of aseptic-packaged cooked rice including Juanbyeo. Quality evaluations, such as by amylose, setback, toyo values and amylograms, were significantly higher in the Juanbyeo as compared to other samples. In addition, the Juanbyeo aseptic-packeged cooked rice showed significantly higher palatability characteristics and had a greater water absorption ratio than the other samples. For cold cooked rice, the relationship between palatability and texture was significantly high (p<0.01). Ilpumbyeo showed high scores for taste as a hot cooked rice, but as a cold cooked rice taste scores were lower than other samples. In the case of Juanbyeo cold cooked rice flavor was improved. When the Juanbyeo aseptic-packaged cooked rice was reheated in a microwave oven, it had better palatability than other varieties. Thus, the results of this study suggested that Juanbyeo can be effectively utilized as aseptic-packaged cooked rice.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.34 no.7
• /
• pp.1018-1027
• /
• 2005

The purpose of this study was to investigate nutrients intake and health-related behaviors in elderly people residing in Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongbuk who have no problem in daily living. Information on general characteristics of the elderly, health-related behaviors and dietary habits were obtained by interview based on questionnare. Dietary nutrients intake data were obtained through the 24 recall method. The subject group of this study was composed of 113 males and 112 females, the average age being $73.1\pm6.06$ years old. In health related factors, $76.9\%$ of subjects exercised regularly. The rates of alcohol drinking and smoking showed to be $38.2\%\;and\;22.2\%$, respectively. There were many elderly with neuralgia, hypertension, and gastrointestinal disease, especially female were worse. Average heights of the subjects were lower than the standard established in the Korean Recommended Dietary Allowances, and average weights were similar to the standards. The mean BMI and WHR were 24.8 (male 23.7, female 25.7) and 0.92 (male 0.92, female 0.89), respectively. Most of the subjects had a regular meal pattern comsuming three meals a day, and many elderly, especially more than $79.5\%$ of female, prepared the meals for themselves. Mean daily energy intakes and RDA percentage of energy intakes of the male and female subjects were estimated as 1426.9kcal $(79.3\%)$ and 1381.3 kcal $(86.3\%)$, respectively. Mean daily intakes of nutrients were estimatied as 48.1g for protein, 411.3mg for calcium, 8.05mg for iron, 541.8 R.E. for vitamin A, 0.84mg for vitamin $B_1$, and 0.79mg for vitamin $B_2$. Most nutrients except protein, clacium, iron and vitamin $B_2$ were consumed over $75\%$ of the RDA. Female elderly showed significant lower intakes (p<0.05) for most of the nutrients except calcium, phosphorus and vitamin ethan the elderly male.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
• /
• v.29 no.1
• /
• pp.23-30
• /
• 2007

The ultimate objective of this study is to develop oxygen-enriched combustion techniques applicable to the system of practical industrial boiler. To this end the combustion characteristics of lab-scale LNG combustor were investigated as a first step using the method of numerical simulation by analyzing the flame characteristics and pollutant emission behaviour as a function of oxygen enrichment level. Several useful conclusions could be drawn based on this study. First of all, the increase of oxygen enrichment level instead of air caused long and thin flame called laminar flame feature. This was in good agreement with experimental results appeared in open literature and explained by the effect of the decrease of turbulent mixing due to the decrease of absolute amount of oxidizer flow rate by the absence of the nitrogen species. Further, as expected, oxygen enrichment increased the flame temperatures to a significant level together with concentrations of $CO_2$ and $H_2O$ species because of the elimination of the heat sink and dilution effects by the presence of $N_2$ inert gas. However, the increased flame temperature with $O_2$ enriched air showed the high possibility of the generation of thermal $NO_x$ if nitrogen species were present. In order to remedy the problem caused by the oxygen-enriched combustion, the appropriate amount of recirculation $CO_2$ gas was desirable to enhance the turbulent mixing and thereby flame stability and further optimum determination of operational conditions were necessary. For example, the adjustment of burner with swirl angle of $30\sim45^{\circ}$ increased the combustion efficiency of LNG fuel and simultaneously dropped the $NO_x$ formation.