• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.1136-1140
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• 2008

The Rhodopseudomonas palustris KUGB306 hemA gene codes for 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) synthase. This enzyme catalyzes the condensation of glycine and succinyl-CoA to yield ALA in the presence of the cofactor pyridoxal 5'-phosphate. The R. palustris KUGB306 hemA gene in the pGEX-KG vector system was transformed into Escherichia coli BL21. The effects of physiological factors on the extracellular production of ALA by the recombinant E. coli were studied. Terrific Broth (TB) medium resulted in significantly higher cell growth and ALA production than did Luria-Bertani (LB) medium. ALA production was significantly enhanced by the addition of succinate together with glycine in the medium. Maximal ALA production (2.5 g/l) was observed upon the addition of D-glucose as an ALA dehydratase inhibitor in the late-log culture phase. Based on the results obtained from the shake-flask cultures, fermentation was carried out using the recombinant E. coli in TB medium, with the initial addition of 90 mM glycine and 120 mM succinate, and the addition of 45 mM D-glucose in the late-log phase. The extracellular production of ALA was also influenced by the pH of the culture broth. We maintained a pH of 6.5 in the fermenter throughout the culture process, achieving the maximal levels of extracellular ALA production (5.15 g/l, 39.3 mM).

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.521-528
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between self reported climacteric symptoms, knowledge of menopause, menopausal management, in middle-aged women. The subjects of this study were 209 women from 40 to 64 years of age. The data was analyzed using SPSS program for t-test, ANOVA and Pearson's correlation coefficients. The results of the study were as follows : 1. The characteristic variables significantly related to self reported climacteric symptoms were education(F=6.371, p<0.001), income (F=4.481, p<0.05), mensturation state(t=-2.004, p<0.05), mensturation cycle(t=-2.039, p<0.05), hormone therapy(t=2.107, p<0.05), health condition(F=21.111, p<0.001). 2. The characteristic variables significantly related to knowledge of menopause were education(F=6.580, p<0.001), health condition (F=3.487, p<0.05). 3. The characteristic variable significantly related to menopausal management was income(F=3.080, p<0.05). 4. The relationship between self reported climacteric symptoms and menopausal management was statistically significant with a negative correlation(r=-0.323, p<0.05). In conclusion, climacteric symptoms - based complaints by middle-aged women was negatively correlated to menopausal management. Therefore, health promotions designed to increase climacteric women's health should be a planned program based on results of the study.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.483-493
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• 2011

An acid phosphatase (HppA) activated by $NH_4Cl$ was purified 192- and 34-fold from the periplasmic and membrane fractions of Helicobacter pylori, respectively. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed that HppA from the latter appears to be several kilodaltons larger in molecular mass than from the former by about 24 kDa. Under acidic conditions (pH${\leq}$4.5), the enzyme activity was entirely dependent on the presence of certain mono- and/or divalent metal cations (e.g., $K^+$,$ NH_4{^+}$, and/or $Ni^{2+}$). In particular, $Ni^{2+}$ appeared to lower the enzyme's $K_m$ for the substrates, without changing $V_{max}$. The purified enzyme showed differential specificity against nucleotide substrates with pH; for example, the enzyme hydrolyzed adenosine nucleotides more rapidly at pH 5.5 than at pH 6.0, and vice versa for CTP or TTP. Analyses of the enzyme's N-terminal sequence and of an $HppA^-$ H. pylori mutant revealed that the purified enzyme is identical to rHppA, a cloned H. pylori class C acid phosphatase, and shown to be the sole bacterial 5'-nucleotidase uniquely activated by $NH_4Cl$. In contrast to wild type, $HppA^-$ H. pylori cells grew more slowly. Strikingly, they imported $Mg^{2+}$ at a markedly lowered rate, but assimilated urea rapidly, with a subsequent increase in extracellular pH. Moreover, mutant cells were much more sensitive to extracellular potassium ions, as well as to metronidazole, omeprazole, or thiophenol, with considerably lowered MIC values, than wild-type cells. From these data, we suggest that the role of the acid phosphatase HppA in H. pylori may extend beyond 5'-nucleotidase function to include cation-flux as well as pH regulation on the cell envelope.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.366-371
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• 2013

Seventeen compounds (1 - 17), ${\beta}$-sitosterone (1), lupenone (2), arborinone (3), ${\beta}$-sitosterol (4), lupeol (5), epi-lupeol (6), taraxerol (7), betulinic acid (8), 24R-methyllophenol (9), germanicol (10), hexatriacontane (11), nonacosan-1-ol (12), benzoic acid (13), tetradecyl(E)-ferulate (14), di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (15), trilinolein (16) and monopalmitin (17), were isolated from the methylene chloride-soluble fraction of the cork of Euonymus alatus Sieb. The structures of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic evidence. Compounds 6, 11, 13 and 14 were isolated for the first time from this plant. Compound 4 showed moderate cytotoxic activity with an $IC_{50}$ value of 6.22 ${\mu}M$ in HL-60 cell line. Compound 9 exhibited moderate cytotoxic activity with $IC_{50}$ values of 63.31, 15.45, 15.14 and 21.72 ${\mu}M$ in four kinds of human cancer cell lines, Jurkat T, HeLa, HL-60 and MCF-7, respectively. Compound 17 showed moderate cytotoxic activity with an $IC_{50}$ value of 70.71 ${\mu}M$ in Jurkat T cell line. In addition, compounds 2, 3, 14 and 16 exhibited weak antioxidant activity with $IC_{50}$ values of 151.76, 170.79, 137.46 and 139.37 ${\mu}M$, respectively.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.221-226
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• 2014

Significantly enhanced low-field magnetoresistance (LFMR) and maximum dMR/dH {$(dMR/dH)_{max}$} values were successfully achieved from $La_{0.7}Sr_{0.3}MnO_3$(LSMO)-manganese oxide composite samples prepared by liquid phase sintering, compared with those of the same composites prepared by solid state reaction. For this study, pure LSMO and LSMO-manganese oxide composites with various nominal compositions of (1-x)LSMO-$xMn_2O_3$ (x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.8) were sintered at $1450^{\circ}C$, above the eutectic temperature of $1430^{\circ}C$, for 1 h in air. The highest LFMR value of 1.28% with the highest $(dMR/dH)_{max}$ value of 21.1% $kOe^{-1}$ was obtained from the composite sample with x = 0.3 at 290 K in 500 Oe. This enhancement of LFMR and $(dMR/dH)_{max}$ values is ascribed to efficient suppression of magnetic disorder at the LSMO grain boundary, by forming a characteristic LSMO-manganese eutectic structure.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.33 no.10
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• pp.1610-1616
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• 2020

Objective: This study was to evaluate the effect of husbandry systems and strains on cecum microbial diversity of Jingyang chickens under the same dietary conditions. Methods: A total of 320 laying hens (body weight, 1.70±0.15 kg; 47 weeks old) were randomly allocated to one of the four treatments: i) Silver-feathered hens in enrichment cages (SEC) with an individual cage (70×60×75 cm), ii) Silver-feathered hens in free range (SFR) with the stocking density of 1.5 chickens per ten square meters, iii) Gold-feathered hens in enrichment cages (GEC), iv) Gold-feathered hens in free range (GFR). The experiment lasted 8 weeks and the cecum fecal samples were collected for 16S rDNA high throughput sequencing at the end of experiment. Results: i) The core microbiota was composed of Bacteroidetes (49% to 60%), Firmicutes (21% to 32%) and Proteobacteria (2% to 4%) at the phylum level. ii) The core bacteria were Bacteroides (26% to 31%), Rikenellaceae (9% to 16%), Parabacteroides (2% to 5%) and Lachnoclostridium (2% to 6%) at the genus level. iii) The indexes of operational taxonomic unit, Shannon, Simpson and observed species were all higher in SFR group than in SEC group while in GEC group than in GFR group, with SFR group showing the greatest diversity of cecum microorganisms among the four groups. iv) The clustering result was consistent with the strain classification, with a similar composition of cecum bacteria in the two strains of laying hens. Conclusion: The core microbiota were not altered by husbandry systems or strains. The free-range system increased the diversity of cecal microbes only for silver feathered hens. However, the cecum microbial composition was similar in two strain treatments under the same dietary conditions.

• Interdisciplinary Bio Central
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.11.1-11.8
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• 2010

Indonesia is a mega-biodiversity country having at least one trillion US Dollars value of biological resources per year over the next 20 years. Indonesia is home to 11 percent of the world's flowering plant species and 12 percent of all mammals. Many of Indonesia's species and more than half of the archipelago's endemic plant species are found nowhere else on the Earth. This information is just a small portion of all higher plants and animals being found in Indonesia. Former studies described that total number of species in Indonesia is estimated more than 1,000,000 and most of them remain unknown scientifically. Most of lower plants and animals have not been studied yet, so that greatest portion of Indonesia's biological resources has never been assessed with respect to its economic value or conservation status. Many developed countries are building cooperation with Indonesia on resources, mainly in the fields of grant aid, socio-economic services, R & D, researcher exchange, technology transfer, infrastructure, education/training, finance, etc. Indonesia will obtain greater benefits and management of its biological richness via increasing its international capacity to add value and information to its biological diversity. These goals can be achieved by close international collaboration on search of important biological resources and other bioactive products that have potential economic values. Development of biological resource-based technology stands as the industry of the $21^{st}$ century and, therefore, Indonesia has a unique opportunity to lead the process in the world.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.250-260
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• 2005

This study was designed to find the symptom prevalence rates of musculoskeletal disorders and the risk factors of musculoskeletal disorders among selected hair dressers. Methods; The survey were conducted from July 1 to 30, 2004 for 459 hair dressers working in Seoul and Gwangju using self-administration questionnaire. The risk factors on musculoskeletal disorders have analysed by multiple linear regression analysis. The results of this study are summarized as follows: The experience rate of musculoskeletal disorders symptom in the last one year was 56.4%. The experience rates of each body parts were 36.4% on the shoulders, 30.5% on the legs and the feet, 28.5% on the low back, 27.0% on the hand and the fingers, 23.3% on the neck and 17.0% on the arms and the elbows. The prevalence rate of musculoskeletal disorders symptom in the last one week was 40.5%, those of each body parts were 24.0% on the legs and the feet, 21.4% on the shoulders, 20.7% on the low back, 15.7% on the hand and the wrists, 15.0% on the neck, 9.4% on the arms. The risk factors on musculoskeletal disorders were working posture(${\beta}=0.32$), perceived stress(${\beta}=0.19$), working period(${\beta}=0.16$), standing working over 10 hour(${\beta}=0.16$), hard working(${\beta}=0.11$). The adjusted determinant coefficient($R^2$) of this regression model was 0.267. Based on the results, in order to prevent musculoskeletal disorders of hair dressers, working posture shall be improved and leisure opportunities to relieve stress, and health management program shall be provided.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.99-109
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• 1997

The purpose of this study is to survey the conditions of women's wears manufacturing industries and finds out their qualitative problems and suggests the solutions to help women's wears manufacturing industries adapting themselves well to the fashion industries which is being individualized, high profiled and differentiated and thus helpes them to produce the competitive commodities through high-qualities and technological improvements. For this purpose, I had sampled the factories which located in Seoul and Kyunggido areas and produced women's apparels for domestic consumers. The questionnaires for this survey were designed by interviewing the representatives of 31 women's wears manufacturing industries, while the collected data were processed using the SAS statistical program for frequency, percentage, chi-square test, t-test. The results of the survey can be summarized as follows; 1. It was found that women's wears manufacturing industries were getting smaller scale or pettier in terms of capital, number of employees or scale of factory. 2. The number of the employees is getting decrease every year, which is posed as most serious problems of the surveyed manufacturer. Such a decrease of employees may be attributable to the fact that women's wears manufacturing industries are regarded as one of 3D businesses and therefore the employees leave their workspaces for more rewarding service industries. 3. It was found that women's wears manufacturing industries relied on more recontracts than self-productions. In 1995, 83.7% of their productions were out of recontracts, and this rate is getting increase. 4. 51.6% of the surveyed manufacturer operate by straight line system or other types of line system, while 48.4% of the remaining managed a pair system. 5. As a result of surveying the perspective of women's wears manufacturing industries into the 21 st century is as followed. 41.9% of them were optimistic, and 25.8% were pessimistic about their futures.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.414-424
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• 2007

Adenophorae Radix (AR), Liriopis Tuber (LT), Dendrobii Monile (DM), Polygonati Officinalis (PO), Polygonati Rhizoma (PR) have been used to treated a variety condition/diseases in traditional oriental medicine. The present study was conducted to investigate the immunmodulatory effects of the water-extracted AR, LT, DH, PO and PR. In spleen cell proliferation assay, DH was significantly enhanced mitogenic activity compared with control group. In RT-PCR, DH ad PO induced IL-2 and IFNr cytokine gene expression in mouse spleen cells. Methotrexate(MTX), immune supression agent, was significantly inhibited mouse spleen cell proliferation(1600 mg/ml). In spite of MTX treatement, DH and PO sustained the spleen cell proliferation, In the flow cytometry analysis, DH stimulated mouse spleen cells showed an increase in B-cell phenotype (CD45R/B220). The water-extracted DH and PO inhibited NO production and iNOS expression in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cell. DH induced IL-2 and IFNg gene expression in human peripheral mononuclear cells. The GC-MS analysis show that the main component of water-extracted DH was b-Nitroethyl alcohol. The main components of water-extracted PO were Dipirartril-tropico, Methyl sulfoxide and Demsodrox. These data suggest that among these extracts, DH has a protective effcet of immune suppression caused by MTX. DH may be enhance cellular and humoral immune response by the regulation of cytokine gene expression, NO production and B cell production.