• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.142-146
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• 2010

Background: Stellate ganglion block (SGB) is known to increase blood flow to the innervations area of the stellate ganglion. Near infrared spectroscopy reflects an increased blood volume and allows continuous, non-invasive, and bedside monitoring of regional cerebral oxygen saturation ($rSO_2$). We investigated the influence of SGB on bilateral cerebral oxygenation using a near infrared spectroscopy. Methods: SGB was performed on 30 patients with 1% lidocaine 10 ml using a paratracheal technique at the C6 level and confirmed by the presence of Horner's syndrome. The blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR) and rSO2 were measured before SGB and 5, 10, 15 and 20 minutes after SGB. Tympanic temperature of each ear was measured prior to SGB and 20 minutes after SGB. Results: The increments of the $rSO_2$ on the block side from the baseline were statistically significant at 5, 10, 15 and 20 minutes. The $rSO_2$ on the non-block side compared with the baseline, however, decreased at 15 and 20 minutes. The difference between the block and the non-block sides was significant at 15 and 20 minutes. The BP at 10, 15 and 20 minutes was increased and the HR was increased at 10 and 15 minutes. Conclusions: We observed an increment of the $rSO_2$ on the block side from the baseline; however, the $rSO_2$ on the non-block side decreased.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.1037-1043
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• 2014

We extensively observed macroalgal assemblages of species composition and biomass of summer benthic marine algae at Dokdo in the East sea of Korea. A total of 102 species (12 Chlorophyta, 36 Phaeophyta, and 54 Rhodophyta) were identified in quadrats and were analysed qualitatively to define the variation patterns. Biomass in dry weight according to various depths ranged between 146.0 to 764.2 g m-2 at study sites. Mean biomass at the investigated sites was greater in the 10m depth range than in the 5 and 15m depths at Dongdo. The flora could be classified into six functional groups: coarsely branched form (51.0%), filamentous form (17.7%), thick leather form (15.7%), sheet form (5.9%), jointed calcareous form (4.9%) and crustose form (4.9%). The R/P, C/P and (R+C)/P value were 1.67, 0.50 and 2.17, respectively. The number of marine algae species and the biomass in Dokdo area were markedly reduced as compared with those in the previous studies. This result suggests possible future changes in the algal vegetation, considering coastal marine environment of this area.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.60 no.4
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• pp.146-161
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to analyze the characteristics and images of costume colors in Korean Masque Drama. For this study, 242 color samples were selected by extracting digital color data by using the Eyedropper Tool of Photoshop 7.0. The RGB color data were transformed to HV/C and the attributes of color and tone were analyzed. Color images were analyzed with the IRI color image scale. As a result, neutral, red, purple blue, and yellow were found to be the most frequently used colors in the Korean Masque costumes. In the ton analysis, white tone showed high frequency and next orders were dp, s, v, b, sf. In the hue & tone, the most frequent color was white, followed by R(v), PB(dp), R(dp), YR(s), GY(s) and mGY. Color images were focused on dynamic, gorgeous, and natural images.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.146-152
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• 2009

Purpose : 본 연구의 목적은 항암치료로 인한 빈혈환자의 치료에서 epoetin alpha (rHuEPO) 피하주사 시, 주일회 요법과 주삼회요법의 헤모글로빈(hemoglobin, Hb) 상승 효과를 비교하는 것이다. Methods : 본 연구는 1999년 3월부터 2005년 3월까지 국립암센터에서 항암치료로 인한 빈혈로 epoetin alpha를 투여 받은 환자를 대상으로 의무기록의 자료를 후향적으로 수집하여 분석하였다. 연구에 포함된 환자는 rHuEPO 10,000 IU 주삼회투여군(n = 127)과 20,000 IU 주일회투여군(n = 81)으로 구분되었으며, 이들은 필요에 따라 경구용 철분보조제를 섭취하였다. Epoetin alpha 치료 시작 후 최대 8주까지 2주 간격으로 Hb 수치변화를 분석하였다. Results : 치료 시작 시점의 rHuEPO 10,000 IU 주삼회투여군과 20,000 IU 주일회투여군의 평균 Hb수치는 유사하였 다 (9.4 g/dL vs. 9.7 g/dL). Epoetin alpha 치료 후 8주까지 두 그룹간의 헤모글로빈 수치의 상승 정도에는 유의한 차이가 없었다 ($1.57{\pm}1.39$ g/dL vs. $1.68{\pm}1.35$ g/dL, p=0.59). 또한 경구용 철분보조제 투여여부, cisplatin 포함 항암제 투여여부 및 성별에 따른 군의 분류에 있어서도 rHuEPO 10,000 IU 주삼회투여군과 20,000 IU 주일회투여군의 평균 Hb 상승수치는 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. Conclusion : 한국인에서 항암치료로 인한 빈혈의 치료 시에 rHuEPO 20,000 IU 주일회투여 용법은 10,000 IU 주 삼회투여 용법과 유사한 Hb 상승효과를 가진다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.146-151
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• 2017

Quality characteristics (moisture, protein, ash, bulk density, falling number, damaged kernel, and foreign material) of 443 domestic wheat samples harvested between 2011 and 2013 were compared with those of 160 imported wheat samples from the United States, Australia, and Canada. Moisture content of domestic wheat (10.9~13.9%) was generally higher than that of imported wheat (8.0~12.6%). Large variation in protein content was found in domestic wheat compared to imported wheat even though variation in protein content of domestic wheat tended to decrease every year, implying quality control efforts for domestic wheat. A similar trend was observed in ash content, which was approximately 0.1% higher in domestic wheat kernels over 3 years. Imported wheat samples had a falling number of 300 or above. On the other hand, some domestic wheat samples had a falling number of 300, which meant low quality of wheat kernels. Generally, quality variations in domestic wheat kernels decreased over the years; however, it is necessary to maintain minimum requirements of moisture content and falling number for high and consistent quality domestic wheat.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.133-146
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• 2005

A bacteriological survey in maricultured fish farms was conducted in Korea from 2002 to 2004. A total number of 166 Vibrio isolates were collected from diseased fishes, including olive flounder (133 isolates), black rock fish (8 isolates), red sea bream (6 isolates), shrimp (5 isolates), black sea bream (4 isolates), abalone (3 isolates) and other fishes (7 isolates). All isolates were phenotypically characterized and then groups were obtained using the traditional biochemical test. Representative isolates of each group were genotypically characterized with sequencing the 16S rRNA genes or 16S-23S intergenic space genes. Above 14 species of Vibrio were identified as V. ichthyoenteri (45 strains), V. alginolyticus (34 strains), V. harveyi (32 strains), Ph. damselae subsp. damselae (Formerly V. damsela, 10 strains), V. campbellii (6 strains), V. costicola-like (6 strains), V. fisheri (5 stains), V. fluvialis (4 strains) and others Vibrio sp. (24 strains) by combining of biochemial and genetic characteristics.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.185-194
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• 2008

There is increased soil erosion potential at highland agricultural crop fields because of its topographic characteristics and site-specific agricultural management practices performed at these areas. The agricultural upland fields are usually located at the sloping areas, resulting in higher soil loss, pesticides, and nutrients in case of torrential rainfall events or typhoon, such as 2002 Rusa and 2003 MaeMi. At the highland agricultural fields, the soil reconditioning have been performed every year to decrease damage by continuous cropping and pests. Also it has been done to increase crop productivity and soil fertility. The increased amounts of soil used for soil reconditioning are increasing over the years, causing significant impacts on water quality at the receiving water bodies. In this study, the field investigation was done to check soil reconditioning status for potato, carrot, and cabbage at the Doam-dam watershed. With these data obtained from the field investigation, the Soil and Water Assesment Tool (SWAT) model was used to simulate the soil loss reduction with environment-friendly and agronomically enough soil reconditioning. The average soil reconditioning depth for potato was 34.3 cm, 48.3 cm for carrot, and 31.2 cm for cabbage at the Doam-dam watershed. These data were used for SWAT model runs. Before the SWAT simulation, the SWAT ArcView GIS Patch, developed by the Kangwon National University, was applied because of proper simulation of soil erosion and sediment yield at the sloping watershed, such as the Doam-dam watershed. With this patch applied, the Coefficient of Determination ($R^2$) value was 0.85 and the Nash-Sutcliffe Model Efficiency (EI) was 0.75 for flow calibration. The $R^2$ value was 0.87 and the EI was 0.85 for flow validation. For sediment simulation, the $R^2$ value was 0.91 and the EI was 0.70, indicating the SWAT model predicts the soil erosion processes and sediment yield at the Doam-dam watershed. With the calibrated and validated SWAT for the Doam-dam watershed, the soil erosion reduction was investigated for potato, carrot, and cabbage. For potato, around 19.3 cm of soil were over applied to the agricultural field, causing 146% of more soil erosion rate, approximately 33.3 cm, causing 146% of more soil erosion for carrot, and approximately 16.2 cm, causing 44% of more soil erosion. The results obtained in this study showed that excessive soil reconditioning are performed at the highland agricultural fields, causing severe muddy water issues and water quality degradation at the Doam-water watershed. The results can be used to develop soil reconditioning standard policy for various crops at the highland agricultural fields, without causing problems agronomically and environmentally.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.134-146
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• 2000

This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between self-esteem, health promoting behavior and the quality of life of the patients undergoing hemodialysis. The subjects were 86 patients undergoing hemodialysis in H hospital. The data were collected using a questionnaire. Data collection was done from January 11th to June 16th, 1999. The analysis of data was done by use of descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson Correlation Coefficient and Multiple regression using the SPSS/PC+ program. The results are as follows: 1. The mean of the level of self-esteem was 25.02, the level of health promoting behavior, 120.04 and the level of QOL, 128.09. 2. Test for hypothesis: Hypothesis 1. "The higher the level of self-esteem of the patients undergoing hemodialysis, the higher the level of quality of life will be." was supported(r=.296, p<.01). Hypothesis 2. "The higher the level of health promoting behavior, the higher the level of quality of life will be." was supported (r=.628, p<.001). 3. Health promoting behavior explained 39.5percent of QOL($R^2$=.395, F=27.040, p<.001). 4. Monthly income(F=3.85, p<.01) and marital status(F=4.64, p<.05) were significantly related to the quality of life In conclusion, this study showed that self-esteem and health promoting behavior may be important factors that can improve the quality of life of the patients undergoing hemodiaysis. This study identified that nursing plans should include these factors to help physical, psychological and social adaptation of the patients undergoing hemodialysis.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.168-176
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• 2017

This is a descriptive study to determine the influence of character strength of nursing students on perceived stress. Data were collected from 174 nursing students in the A- area and analyzed using SPSS WIN 21.0 program. The character strength of nursing studentswas $3.46{\pm}.34$(on a 5-point scale) and perceived stress was $2.84{\pm}.42$(on a 5-point scale). Among the subdomains of character strengths, humanity was the highest,with a score of $3.65{\pm}.49$. The perceived stress of nursing students showed a negative correlation with character strength(r=-.50, p<.001) and was negatively correlated with all subdomains of character strength. In addition, the factor that most affected the perceived stress of nursing students-among general characteristics-was very difficult family experience (${\beta}=.146$, p=.026), and the factors with the greatest effect among the subdomains of character strengths were courage(${\beta}=-.250$, p=.006) and transcendence(${\beta}=-.275$, p=.013). These three factors were found to explain 39.5% of variance in perceived stress. Therefore, these results demonstrate the need to explore interventions that enable nursing school faculty and counseling staff to help confirm character strengths and reduce stress in students with hard time getting adjusted to nursing school.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.13-24
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• 2003

The researcher worked with a total of 158 high school girls visiting the scaling practice room at the department of dental hygiene in Jinju Health college from November 11, 2002 to December 4, 2002, having their teeth scaled, observing their teeth and interviewing them with the aid of questionnaires. The findings can be summarized as follows. 1. The survey on the understanding of dental health and the attitudes of the subjects shows the following results : "I have never learned how to brush teeth" (65.8%: 104 girls); "I brush my teeth twice a day" (57.0%: 90 girls) : "I brush my teeth for 2 minutes"(44.3%: 70 girls): "I brush my teeth vertically and horizontally" (53.2%: 84 girls): "( brush my teeth, gum and tongue" (462%: 73 girls): "I use one brush for two months" (40.5%: 64 girls); "I don't have any floss" (582%: 92 girls): "I have never had my teeth scaled" (84.2%: 133girls) : "Smoking is bad for the teeth" (77.8%: 123 girls): "Drinking is bad for the teeth" (48.7%: 77 girls): "I have ever visited dental clinics" (92.4%: 146 girls). 2. The study on part of the teeth most exposed to caries shows the following results : Mandibular right first molar(79.8%: 126 girls): Mandibular left first molar(77.5%: 124 girls), Mandibular left second molar(70.2%: 111 girls). Mandibular right second molar(65.7%: 104 girls). Maxillary left first molar(59.5%: 94 girls): Maxillary left second molar(59.5%: 94 girls): Maxillary right first molar(58.2%: 92 girls). Maxillary right second molar(50.7%: 80 girls) 3. The statistics on the subjects' caries show the following results: DMF rate: 943%: DMFT rate: 25.61%: DMFT index: 7.17 teeth : DT rate: 4651%: FT rate: 52.25%: MT rate: 124% 4. The survey on dental caries statistics, dental health, dental health behavior, and the subjects' attitudes shows the following results: The worse the subjects' dental health was(r=-327, p<.001), the more they visited dental clinics(r=.195, p<.05), the higher DMT rate, DMFT index were; The more the subjects visited dental clinics(r =.359, p<.001), the higher DT rate was; The worse the subjects teeth went(r=-.197, p<.05), the higher MT rate was. It is necessary that systematic and substantial dental health education for high school students should be carried out in regard to plaque control, fluoride application, diet control, pit & fissure sealant as a part of developing national health policies designed for the dental health of the teenagers.