• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.817-820
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• 2006

The potential genotoxicity of methylsulfonylmethane, a crystalline organic sulfur, derived from chemically modified lignin from plants was evaluated using in vitro and in vivo assays. In the bacterial reverse mutation test using Salmonella typhimurium TA98, TA100, TA1535, and TA1538, methylsulfonylmethane did not induce any significant increase of His' revertants. In the in vitro chromosome aberration test using Chinese Hamster Lung (CHL) cells, no aberration effects were seen. In the in vivo evaluation using a micronucleus test, negative results were obtained. Accordingly, the results indicated that methylsulfonylmethane is not genotoxic and its use is unlikely to present a potential hazard.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.141-147
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• 2015

The convenient determination of methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) for a commercially available dietary supplement was developed using gas chromatography (GC)-flame ionization detector (FID). Chromatography was performed on a capillary column ($0.32mm\;I.D{\times}30m$, $0.25{\mu}m$) coated with dimethylpolysiloxane using diethylene glycol methyl ether as an internal standard. The performance characteristics of GC were evaluated in terms of selectivity, linearity, precision, accuracy, recovery, limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ). The calibration curve was highly linear (the coefficient of determination: 0.9979) within the concentration range of $10.0{\sim}800.0{\mu}g/mL$ for MSM. The recoveries for three fortified concentrations were 96.7~97.1%, 96.6~97.3% and 96.8~97.2%, respectively. The LOD and LOQ of the method were $0.29{\mu}g/mL$ and $0.97{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. All obtained results were acceptable according to the guidelines of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists for dietary supplements. Thus, the validated analytical method using the GC-FID system is suitable for the determination of MSM in dietary supplement formulations for quality control.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.241-248
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) on hair growth promotion of magnesium ascorbyl phosphate (MAP) for the treatment of alopecia. Aqueous solutions of MAP 7.5% with or without MSM 1%, 5% or 10% were prepared and applied onto the depilated back skin of the male mice once a day for 20 days. The degree of hair growth was evaluated by visual scoring using hair growth quantification scale (0-5, 0 being initial state and 5 being complete hair growth). In vitro transdermal penetration and intradermal retention studies of MAP were performed with Franz diffusion cell using hairless mice skin. Hair growth in the group treated with the aqueous solution containing MAP 7.5% and MSM 10% was comparable to or better than the result in the group treated with minoxidil 5% solution. Hair growth promotion of MAP was dose-dependently increased by the presence of MSM used in combination with MAP 7.5% solution. The in vitro transdermal penetration of the MAP was decreased in proportion to the concentration of MSM. However, intradermal retention of MAP was profoundly and dose-proportionally increased as a function of MSM concentration, reaching 802 ${\mu}g/cm^2$ in the presence of MSM 10% (200-fold increase). The effect of MSM on hair growth promotion of MAP was dose-proportional to the concentration of MSM due to the enhanced intradermal retention of MAP in the presence of MSM. Therefore, topical application of MAP together with MSM appears to be useful for the treatment of alopecia.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.312-319
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• 2021

Objective: Stress-induced cytotoxicity caused by xenobiotics and endogenous metabolites induces the production of reactive oxygen species and often results in damage to cellular components such as DNA, proteins, and lipids. The cytochrome P450 (CYP) family of enzymes are most abundant in hepatocytes, where they play key roles in regulating cellular stress responses. We aimed to determine the effects of the antioxidant compound, methylsulfonylmethane (MSM), on oxidative stress response, and study the cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A (CYP3A) gene expression in fetal horse hepatocytes. Methods: The expression of hepatocyte markers and CYP3A family genes (CYP3A89, CYP3A93, CYP3A94, CYP3A95, CYP3A96, and CYP3A97) were assessed in different organ tissues of the horse and fetal horse liver-derived cells (FHLCs) using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. To elucidate the antioxidant effects of MSM on FHLCs, cell viability, levels of oxidative markers, and gene expression of CYP3A were investigated in H2O2-induced oxidative stress in the presence and absence of MSM. Results: FHLCs exhibited features of liver cells and simultaneously maintained the typical genetic characteristics of normal liver tissue; however, the expression profiles of some liver markers and CYP3A genes, except that of CYP3A93, were different. The expression of CYP3A93 specifically increased after the addition of H2O2 to the culture medium. MSM treatment reduced oxidative stress as well as the expression of CYP3A93 and heme oxygenase 1, an oxidative marker in FHLCs. Conclusion: MSM could reduce oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity in FHLCs by altering CYP3A93 expression and related signaling pathways.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.213-220
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• 2013

국내 토양층에 절대적으로 부족한 원소인 황을 양파 재배 중 처리함으로써 유황 처리가 식품 소재로서의 양파의 품질특성에 미친 영향을 평가하고자 하였다. 본 연구에서는 $25,000m^2$ 농지를 세 구역으로 구분하여, 식이유황 MSM을 수확 2달 전 1달 간격으로 2회 처리한 군(S-1), 파종 시 토양에 직접 1회 처리하고 이후 수확 2달 전에 1회로 추가 처리한 군(S-2), MSM 유황을 처리하지 않고 재배한 양파를 대조군으로 하였다. 수확 이후 3종 양파의 품질 특성은 화학적 조성, 물리적 특성, 관능적 특성 분석으로 구분하여 비교 평가하였다. 3종 양파 모두 유황의 처리 유무 및 시기에 관계없이 칼슘(Ca)과 철(Fe) 함량이 높게 나타났고, 이는 양파의 무기질 조성에 유황의 일시적 처리 유무보다는 지역 토양 자체의 특성이 더 크게 작용했음을 시사하였다. 한편, 양파의 대표적 유기 황 화합물인 thiosulfinate와 총 환원력은 파종 전 유황을 토양에 직접 처리한 S-2군에서 대조군에 비해 각각 20%와 2.9배 높은 값을 나타냄으로써 유황 처리 유무 및 처리 방법에 따른 차이를 확인할 수 있었다. 그러나, 3종 양파 모두 매운 맛과 향은 유의적으로 다르지 않아 화학적 조성의 차이가 관능적으로 인지 가능한 수준은 아닌 것으로 해석되었다. S-1, S-2양파는 대조군에 비해 낮은 명도로 그 색이 등색에 가까웠으며, 유황 처리로 양파의 색 특성에 대한 기호도를 향상시켰다. 양파의 아삭거리는 정도에 대한 물리적 지표로 선정 평가된 경도와 저작성은 양파의 압착 방향에 따라 값의 차이가 크게 나타났으나, 전반적으로는 S-1, S-2 양파에서 대조군 보다 높은 저작성 값을 나타내었다. 그러나, 이 수준의 차이는 아삭함의 관능적 특성 및 그 기호도에는 유의적 차이를 유발하지 않았다. S-1, S-2 양파는 대조군과 비교 시 종합적 기호도에서 서로 다르지는 않았으나, 양파의 색과 단맛에 대한 기호도를 상승시켰다. 특히, S-2 양파에서 관찰된 thiosulfinate 증가와 총 환원력 증가 결과는, 토양층이 적정 유황을 함유할 수 있도록 지속적 유황 처리가 이루어진다면 양파의 기능성과 관능성이 개선될 수 있음을 시사하였다.

• 셀메드
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.1.1-1.9
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• 2016

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the leading medical condition for which patients use alternative treatments including the natural remedies. The aim of this review is to describe the dietary supplements and herbal remedies most commonly used in patients with osteoarthritis with an emphasis on the efficacy and safety of these natural remedies. Glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate, two of the molecular building blocks found in articular cartilage, are the most commonly used remedies in OA treatment. Most clinical researches suggest that glucosamine and chondroitin show efficacy in reducing or improving symptoms and their ability to arrest progression of the disease or regenerate damaged cartilage. Patented formulations of both remedies are recommended by several therapeutic guidelines for use as first line background OA treatment. Reliable evidence that the combination is more effective than either agent alone is however still lacking. Several other herbs or remedies are promoted for treating osteoarthritis such as S-adenosylmethionine, methylsulfonylmethane, Harpagophytum procumbens (devil's claw), Curcuma longa (turmeric), Zingiber officinale (ginger), and capsaicin but there is no reliable evidence on long-term efficacy or safety. The clinical usefulness of these remedies is therefore rather limited currently.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권10호
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• pp.1590-1599
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• 2021

Objective: This study investigates the expression patterns of toll-like receptors (TLRs) and intracellular mediators in horse muscle cells after exercise, and the relationship between TLRS expression in stressed horse muscle cells and immune cell migration toward them. Methods: The expression patterns of the TLRs (TLR2, TLR4, and TLR8) and downstream signaling pathway-related genes (myeloid differentiation primary response 88 [MYD88]; activating transcription factor 3 [ATF3]) are examined in horse tissues, and horse peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) and muscles in response to exercise, using the quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Expressions of chemokine receptor genes, i.e., C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2) and C-C motif chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5), are studied in PBMCs and PMNs. A horse muscle cell line is developed by transfecting SV-T antigen into fetal muscle cells, followed by examination of muscle-specific genes. Horse muscle cells are treated with stressors, i.e., cortisol, hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), and heat, to mimic stress conditions in vitro, and the expression of TLR4 and TLR8 are examined in stressed muscle cells, in addition to migration activity of PBMCs toward stressed muscle cells. Results: The qPCR revealed that TLR4 message was expressed in cerebrum, cerebellum, thymus, lung, liver, kidney, and muscle, whereas TLR8 expressed in thymus, lung, and kidney, while TLR2 expressed in thymus, lung, and kidney. Expressions of TLRs, i.e., TLR4 and TLR8, and mediators, i.e., MYD88 and ATF3, were upregulated in muscle, PBMCs and PMNs in response to exercise. Expressions of CXCR2 and CCR5 were also upregulated in PBMCs and PMNs after exercise. In the muscle cell line, TLR4 and TLR8 expressions were upregulated when cells were treated with stressors such as cortisol, H₂O₂, and heat. Migration of PBMCs toward stressed muscle cells was increased by exercise and oxidative stresses, and combinations of these. Treatment with methylsulfonylmethane (MSM), an antioxidant on stressed muscle cells, reduced migration of PBMCs toward stressed muscle cells. Conclusion: In this study, we have successfully cultured horse skeletal muscle cells, isolated horse PBMCs, and established an in vitro system for studying stress-related gene expressions and function. Expression of TLR4, TLR8, CXCR2, and CCR5 in horse muscle cells was higher in response to stressors such as cortisol, H₂O₂, and heat, or combinations of these. In addition, migration of PBMCs toward muscle cells was increased when muscle cells were under stress, but inhibition of reactive oxygen species by MSM modulated migratory activity of PBMCs to stressed muscle cells. Further study is necessary to investigate the biological function(s) of the TLR gene family in horse muscle cells.