• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.104-114
• /
• 2014

Scale insects heavily damaged many agricultural crops and trees in urban and forest areas. This study was conducted to carry out alternative control methods for environmentally friendly control of scale insects. Hot water extract of Quisquali indica produced high mortality against the black pine bast scale, Matsucoccus thunbergianae in previously experiment. Methanol extract obtained from fruit of Q. indica was successively fractionated using hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, buthanol and water which were examined by exposing for their insecticidal activity against four Cocoidea species (Eriococcus lagerstroemiae, Ceroplastes japonicus, Crisicoccus pini and Planococcus citri) in laboratory. Hexane fraction gave the highest insecticidal activity against scale insect pest. GC-mass analysis confirmed that the main compounds of Q. indica were alpha-pinene, methyl palmitate, eugenol, methyl myristate, phthalic acid mono(2-ethylhexyl)ester and palmitic acid. Among those compounds, ${\alpha}$-pinene was included 10 hexane subfractions. $LC_{50}$ of ${\alpha}$-pinene was 0.0114 ppm against 2nd instar of E. lagerstroemiae. These results suggest that Q. indica extracts might be used as an alternative control agent of scale insects.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
• /
• v.13 no.5
• /
• pp.453-459
• /
• 2000

In order to promote the utilization of Rubus coreanum as functional food, and its physicochemical properties and volatile flavor were examined. The contents of chemical compounds showed 5.39% of moisture, 17.3% of total sugars, 8.6% of reducing sugars, 4.5% of crude ash, 3.9% of crude fiber, 10.6% of crude protein and 1.7% of crude fat and that of free sugars was 1.52% of sucrose, 3.98% of fructose, 1.24% of glucose. Among organic acid was 10.2% of citric acid, 6.29% of oxalic acid and 1.94% of malic acid. The highest component of free amino acids was 1,260.3mg of aspartic acid, 1,054.3mg of glutamic acid, respectively. And that of minerals was 38,789ppm of K. A total of 52 volatile flavor components (11 alcohols, 13 acids, 20 carbonyls, 5 hydrocabons, 3 esters) were identified in the Rubus coreanum, respectively. The major volatile flavor components of Rubus coreanum were 3.78% of linalool in alcohols, 14.40% of caproic acid in acids, 2.99% of 2-hydroxy-4-methoxyacetophenone in carbonyls, 1.59% of aromadendrene in hydrocabons and 0.43% of methyl palmitate in esters.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
• /
• v.40 no.4
• /
• pp.259-264
• /
• 2017

In this study, the changes of low molecular weight compounds during natural decay process for 4 weeks were analyzed. Natural corruptions were observed in the slate warehouse with summer humidity and temperature throughout the rainy season by using commercially available compound feeds. Koiganal was detected from 14 days of natural decay and corruption with chicken, pig, and Korean cattle feed. Ethyl palmitate, Ethyl pentadecanoate and, Methyl elaidatel were detected from chicken, pig, and Korean cattle feed. So, Koiganal can be useful for monitoring the degree of pollution of corruption of livestock feeds in advance.

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.117-123
• /
• 2000

In order to promote the utilization of Hovenia dulcis leaf as food, leaf tea was nanufactured and its physicochemical properties were examined. Aong proximate composiotns of Hovenia dulcis leaf tea were found in both fermented tea and roasted tea the higher contents of total sugar and crude protein. In minerals component of fermented tea and roasted tea, potassium (K) was the most high amounts of 11,560.6 ppm and 11,084.6 ppm, respectively. The highest contents of free sugar in both teas were mainly consisted of sucrose, the amounts of sucrose showed 1.47% and 1.94% . In case of organic acids, oxalic acid and citric acid were revealed 631.26mg% and 660.05mg%, respectively. The highest contents of total amino acid in fermented tea and roasted tea were 812.01mg% and 709.72mg% of glutamic acid. the fatty acids of fermented tea and roasted tea were mainly composed of 40.18% of linolenic acid and 26.92% of palmitic acid, respectively. The major volatile compounds of fermented tea and roasted tea were composed of 3, 7, 11, 15-tertramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-ol and methyl palmitate and the amounts of those showed 290.1ppm and 472.97 ppm, respectively. The tannins of fermented tea and roasted tea were 1.02% and 1.26% , as the extraction steps increased the tannin contents decreased. In Hunter's color values of tea extract L and b values decreased , while a value of those increased as the extraction steps were repeated.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.24 no.8
• /
• pp.1123-1132
• /
• 2014

This study evaluated the growth and nutrient removal ability of an indigenous algal consortium on real untreated municipal wastewater in a high rate algal pond (HRAP). The HRAP was operated semicontinuously under different hydraulic retention times (HRT: 2, 4, 6, and 8 days). The average removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand, and total nitrogen and phosphate of real municipal wastewater were maintained at $85.44{\pm}5.10%$, $92.74{\pm}5.82%$, and $82.85{\pm}8.63%$, respectively, in 2 day HRT. Algae dominated the consortium and showed high settling efficiency (99%), and biomass and lipid productivity of $0.50{\pm}0.03g/l/day$ and $0.103{\pm}0.0083g/l/day$ (2day HRT), respectively. Fatty acid methyl ester analysis revealed a predominance of palmitate (C16:0), palmitoleate (C16:1), linoleate (C18:2), and linolenate (C18:3). Microalgal diversity analyses determined the presence of Chlorella, Scenedesmus, and Stigeoclonium as the dominant microalgae. The algal consortium provides significant value not only in terms of energy savings and nutrient removal but also because of its bioenergy potential as indicated by the lipid content (20-23%) and FAME profiling.

• Natural Product Sciences
• /
• v.29 no.1
• /
• pp.10-16
• /
• 2023

We previously reported that dried Lysimachia christinae whole plant extract exerted significant neuroprotective activity. In this study, we tried to isolate neuroprotective compounds of L. christinae. We evaluated the neuroprotective activity of the four fractions (hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol fractions) of methanol extract. Among them, ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions showed most potent neuroprotective activity against glutamate excitotoxicity. Nine compounds were isolated from ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions of L. christinae extract and identified as cynaroside (1), (3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)methyl-3-hydroxy-2-octyldopentaconta-23,33-dienoate (2), androst-16-ene-3,6-diol (3), 2-hydroxy-24-propoxytetracos-4-enoic acid (4), 2-hydroxy-24-methoxytetracos-4-enoic acid (5), 12-(stearoyloxy)octadec-9-enoic acid (6), β-sitosterol (7), (E)-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)but-3-en-1-yl palmitate (8) and (1S,2S,3R,4R)-4-(((2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-2-(((2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenethoxy)-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl) tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)oxy)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)oxy)cyclohexane-1,2,3-triol (9) by spectroscopic data such as UV, IR, NMR, Mass spectroscopy. Their neuroprotective activity was evaluated by MTT assay. Cynaroside (1) and androst-16-ene-3,6-diol (3) had significant neuroprotective activity against glutamate-injured HT22 cells. The neuroprotective efficacy of cynaroside (1) and androst-16-ene-3,6-diol (3) was related to their anti-oxidative activity.

• Molecules and Cells
• /
• v.38 no.12
• /
• pp.1037-1043
• /
• 2015

The TAZ activator 2-butyl-5-methyl-6-(pyridine-3-yl)-3-[2'-(1H-tetrazole-5-yl)-biphenyl-4-ylmethyl]-3H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine] (TM-25659) inhibits adipocyte differentiation by interacting with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma. 1 TM-25659 was previously shown to decrease weight gain in a high fat (HF) diet-induced obesity (DIO) mouse model. However, the fundamental mechanisms underlying the effects of TM-25659 remain unknown. Therefore, we investigated the effects of TM-25659 on skeletal muscle functions in C2 myotubes and C57BL/6J mice. We studied the molecular mechanisms underlying the contribution of TM-25659 to palmitate (PA)-induced insulin resistance in C2 myotubes. TM-25659 improved PA-induced insulin resistance and inflammation in C2 myotubes. In addition, TM-25659 increased FGF21 mRNA expression, protein levels, and FGF21 secretion in C2 myotubes via activation of GCN2 pathways (GCN2-$phosphoelF2{\alpha}$-ATF4 and FGF21). This beneficial effect of TM-25659 was diminished by FGF21 siRNA. C57BL/6J mice were fed a HF diet for 30 weeks. The HF-diet group was randomly divided into two groups for the next 14 days: the HF-diet and HF-diet + TM-25659 groups. The HF diet + TM-25659-treated mice showed improvements in their fasting blood glucose levels, insulin sensitivity, insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation, and inflammation, but neither body weight nor food intake was affected. The HF diet + TM-25659-treated mice also exhibited increased expression of both FGF21 mRNA and protein. These data indicate that TM-25659 may be beneficial for treating insulin resistance by inducing FGF21 in models of PA-induced insulin resistance and HF diet-induced insulin resistance.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
• /
• 2001.11a
• /
• pp.301-310
• /
• 2001

본 연구는 내화성능을 가진 수막보호유리벽을 실제 건축물에 적용하는데 있어서 필수적으로 고려해야 할 가상시나리오 중에서 수막이 유리면을 보호하기 이전에 유리면에 근접되어 있는 화염으로부터 방출되는 복사열이 유리면이 가열된 상태에서 수막이 형성될 경우 유리면의 온도가 급속히 냉각됨으로서 발생할 수 있는 급냉파열특성을 규명하기 위해 실험한 연구로서 가열면온도범위에 따라 유리면에$150^{\circ}C$이상 $250^{\circ}C$이하에서 수막이 형성될 경우 급냉파열은 일어나지 않았으나 일반유리는 $100^{\circ}C$이상 $150^{\circ}C$이하에서 급냉파열이 일어남을 확인하였다. 즉 방화구획벽에 적용가능한 수막형성유리벽의 유리가 강화유리인점을 착안하면 수막의 도포이전에 강화유리면의 온도가 $250^{\circ}C$까지 올라가기 전에는 수막을 유리면에 접촉하여도 유리면의 급냉파열이 일어나짐 않음을 확인할 수 있었다. 이점은 일정한 구획내에서 유리면의 직근에 설치된 감지기에 의해 수막형성시스템의 가동을 할 경우 급내파열형상이 발생하지 않는 온도범위를 설정할 때 중요한 데이터로 활용가능하다. 결과적으로 국부복사열에 의하여 온도범위를 설정할 때 중요한 데이터로 활용가능하다. 결과적으로 국부복사열에 의하여 유리면의 온도가 급냉파열현상을 일으키는 한계온도에 이르기 전에 유리벽체 상부의감지기의 작동이 필수적으로 일어날 수 있음을 증명한다면 수막을 이용한 유리벽체를 일정시간이상의 내화성능이 요구되는 방화구획의 수직부재로 활용하는데 있어서 걸림돌이 되는 급냉파열에 대한 우려를 종식시키는데 이바지할 수 있다.l류 11.56%, acid류 38.87%, hydrocarbon류 2.89%, ester류 0.80%, 총 70.32%가 확인되었다. Alcohol류에서 linalool가 3.78%, acid류에서는 caproic acid류가 14.40%, carbonyl류에서 2-hydroxy-4-methoxyacetophenone이 2.99%, hydrocabon류에서는 aromadendrene가1.59% 그리고 ester류에서는 methyl palmitate가 0.43%으로 가장 많이 함유하고 있었다.0ppm에서 약 25.6%흡수되었고 ferric citrate 100ppm은 24.7%, ferrous sulfate는 19.7%흡수되었다. ILC를 첨가하지 않은 100ppm 철분염 용액은 ferrous sulfate를 제외하고는 흡수도가 감소되었다. 철분 결핍된 쥐에게 gavage 방법에 의하여 철분강화우유를 투여하였을 때 철분 25ppm 시료에서는 ferrous sulfate가 12.5%로 가장 높았고 ferrous lactate는 8.1%, ferric citrate는 6.5% 흡수되었다. 철분 100ppm수준에서는 흡수율이 낮아져 ferrous sulfate는 25ppm 시료보다 절반이하 수준이었다. Ferric citrate는 차이가 거의 없었으며 ferrous lactate는 70%수준이었다. 이상의 결과에서 철분강화우유에 사용하기 적합한 철분염은 ferrous lactate, ferric citrate였는데 특히 ferrous lactate는 제품의 이화학적 품질, 생이용성 측면 모두에서 가장 좋은 것으로 나타났다.다 높았으며, 1회당 평균 8.1$\pm$5.1개의 난포란을 회수하였다.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
• /
• v.32 no.3
• /
• pp.407-416
• /
• 1996

The reactive intermediates formed during the metabolism of therapeutic agents, toxicants and carcinogens by cytochromes P450 are frequently capable of covalently binding to tissue macromolecules and causing tissue damage. It has been shown that YH439, a congener of malotilate, is effective in suppressing hepatic P450 2E1 expression. The present study was designed to further establish the mechanistic basis of YH439 protection against toxicant by assessing its effects against chemical-mediated potentiated hepatotoxicity. Retinoyl palmitate (Vit-A) pretreatment of rats for 7 days substantially enhanced carbon tetrachloride hepatotoxicity, as supported by an ${\sim}5-fold$ increase in serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity, as compared to $CCl_4$ treatment alone. The elevation of ALT activity due to Vit-A was completely blocked by the treatment of $GdCl_3$ a selective inhibitor of Kupffer cell activity. Concomitant pretreatment of rats with both YH439 and Vit-A resulted in a 94% decrease in Vit-A-potentiated $CCl_4$ hepatotoxicity. YH439 was also effective against propyl sulfide-potentiated $CCl_4-induced$ hepatotoxicity. Whereas propyl sulfide (50 mg/kg, 7d) enhanced $CCl_4-induced$ hepatotoxicity by >5-fold, relative to $CCl_4$ treatment alone, concomitant treatment of animals with both propyl sulfide and YH439 at the doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg prevented propyl sulfide-potentiated $CCl_4$ hepatotoxicity by 35% and 90%, respectively. Allyl sulfide, a suppressant of hepatic P450 2E1 expression, completely blocked the propyl sulfide-enhanced hepatotoxicity, indicating that propyl sulfide potentiation of $CCl_4$ hepatotoxicity was highly associated with the expression of P450 2E1 and that YH439 blocked the propyl sulfide-enhanced hepatotoxicity through modulation of P450 2E1 levels. Propyl sulfide- and $CCl_4-induced$ stimulation of lipid peroxidation was also suppressed by YH439 in a dose-related manner, as supported by decreases in malonedialdehyde production. The role of P450 2E1 induction in the potentiation of $CCl_4$ toxicity and the effects of YH439 were further evaluated using pyridine as a P450 2E1 inducer. Pyridine pretreatment substantially enhanced the $CCl_4$ hepatotoicity by 23-fold, relative to $CCl_4$ alone. YH439, however, failed to reduce the pyridine-potentiated toxicity, suggesting that the other form(s) of cytochroms P450 inducible by pyridine, but not suppressible by YH439 treatment, may play a role in potentiating $CCl_4-induced$ hepatotoxicity. YH439 was capable of blocking cadmium chloride-induced liver toxicity in mice. These results demonstrated that YH439 efficiently blocks Vit-A-enhanced hepatotoxiciy through Kupffer cell inactivation and that the suppression of P450 2E1 expression by YH439 is highly associated with blocking of propyl sulfide-mediated hepatotoxicity.