• Macromolecular Research
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.524-529
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• 2006

New, thermally robust, arylenevinylene conjugated polymers, including poly(9,9-dioctylfluorenyl-2,7-vinylene) [poly(FV)] and poly[2-(3'-dimethyldodecylsilylphenyl)-1,4-phenylenevinylene] [poly(m-SiPhPV)], were synthesized and used for the fabrication of efficient photovoltaic cells. Bulk heterojunction photovoltaic cells fabricated by blending one of the polymers, [poly(FV)], [poly(m-SiPhPV)], and poly(FV-co-m-SiPhPV), with the fullerene derivative [6,6]-phenyl-$C_{61}$-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) were found to have a power conversion efficiency of up to 0.038%..

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.34 no.11
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• pp.3239-3242
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• 2013

An improved rapid method for determination of the fatty acid composition using modified methylation procedure was compared with the AOAC reference procedure based on the methylation of fatty acid with the addition of BF3 catalyst before and while heating. The new method is useful for research and routine quality control and has a number of advantages over the reference procedure which are more rapid, simple and also reliable. Applicability of the modified methylation method was confirmed with three vegetable oil samples (palm oil, coconut oil and olive oil). Based on the validation method results, we obtained that a quite linear calibration curve of fatty acids was performed with $R^2$ in range of 0.9972-0.9994. The sensitivity of gas chromatography instrument was able to analyze the fatty acids up to a few ppm, the precision and accuracy were good enough with the %RSD between 1.5%-19.5% and the recovery of linolenic acid was 99.1% in the range of 80.0%-113.3%.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.34 no.10
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• pp.3059-3064
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• 2013

In this study transesterification of Triglycerides (TG) from Jatropha curcas oil (JCO) with methanol for production of biodiesel was investigated over cerium impregnated ZSM-5 catalysts. NaZSM-5 was synthesized in an alkaline medium and impregnated with cerium oxide by wet method using cerium nitrate as a source for cerium. They were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Thermogravimeteric analysis (TGA), $CO_2$-temperature programmed desorption, and $N_2$ adsorption/desorption analysis. XRD analysis showed decrease in intensity of the patterns with the increase in the ceria loading but crystallization of ceria to larger size is an evident for 10 and 15% loading. The optimal yield of transesterification process was found to be 90% under the following conditions: oil to methanol molar ratio: 1:12; temperature: $60^{\circ}C$; time: 1 h; catalyst: 5 wt %. Here the yield of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) was calculated through $^1H$ NMR analysis. The investigation on catalyst loading, temperature, time and reusability illustrated that these ceria impregnated NaZSM-5's were found to be selective, recyclable and could yield biodiesel at low temperature with low methanol to oil ratio due to the presence of both Lewis and Bronsted basicity. Hence, from the above study it is concluded that ceria impregnated ZSM-5 could be recognized as a potential catalysts for biodiesel production in industrial processes.

• Proceedings of the Ginseng society Conference
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• 1998.06a
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• pp.83-89
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• 1998

Ginseng total saponins (GTS) injected intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) at doses from 0.1-1 vs inhibited the i.c.v. injection stress-induced plasma corticosterone levels in mice. The inhibitory action of GTS was blocked by co-administered NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME; 1.5 us, i.c.v.), an. inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (NOS). Of the ginsenosides Rbl, Rba, Rc, Rd, Re, Rf, Rgl,20(S)-Rg3, and 20(R)-Rg3 injected i.c.v. at doses from 0.01 to 0.3ug(or 1 uE),20(5)-Rg3 and Rc significantly inhibited the o.c.v. injection stress-induced Plasma corticosterone levels. The inhibitory actions of 20(S)-Rg3 and Rc were blocked by co-administered L-NAME (1.5 n, i.c.v.). These results suggest that G75, 20(S)-Rg3 and Rc may inhibit the i.c.v. injection stress-induced hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal response by inducing NO production in the brain.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.434-439
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• 1995

In pancreatic cells, NO formation is associated with increased levels of cGMP and endocrine/exocrine secretion. In the present study, the role of NO in the regulation of exocrine secretion was investigated in rat pancreatic tissues. Treatment of rat pancreatic tissue with sholecystokinin-pancreozymin (CCK-PZ) resulted in an significant increase in arginine conversion to citruline, the amount of nitrite/nitrate, the release of amylase, and the level of cGMP. Furthermore, CCK-PZ stimulated increase of amylase release and conversion of arginine to citrulline transformation were counteracted by the inhibitor of NO synthase, $N^G-nitro-L-arginine$ methyl ester. The results on the time course of CCK-PZ-induced citrulline formation within the first seconds of simulation. The kinetics of citrulline accumulation correlate well with those of cGMP rise, which further confirms the conclusion that NO mediates the response to CCK-PZ by cGMP.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.428-433
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• 1994

The methabolism and phamacokinetics of a mixed disulfide S-(N, N-diethyldithiocarbamoyl)-N-acetyl-L-cysteine (AC-DDTC) were studied in rats. Two metabolites of AC-DDTC following iv and po administration were indentified in plasma and liver by HPLC and GC, namely N, N-diethyldithiocarbamate (DDTC) and the methyl ester of DDTC (Me-DDTC). AC-DDTC was very unstable in vivo and could not be detected neither in plasma nor in urine. Pharmacokinetic parameters of DDTC following intravenous administration of AC-DDTC (20 mg/kg) were calculated. DDTC has a low affinity to rat tissue and the body clearance was $9.0{\pm}3.4mkl/mim/kg$. The mean residence time (MRT) was $11.5{\pm}16.3 min$. After oral administration of 20 mg/kg AC-DDTC, maximal plasma concenttion ($C_{max}$) was $3.8{\pm}0.2 nmol/ml$ and the bioavailability was 7.04%. $C_{max}$ for DDTC at a dose of 120 mg/kg. AC-DDTC was $40.1{\pm}2.2 nmol/ml$. ART was $47.1{\pm}2.8min$.at a dose of 20 mg/kg and $110.5{\pm}6.0 min$ at 120 mg/kg.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.121-125
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• 2014

In this research, nanocomposite layers consisting of poly (3,4,-ethylene dioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonic acid (PEDOT:PSS) and CuO nanoparticles were investigated as hole transport layers in organic solar cells based on poly (3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) as the electron donor and (6.6) phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) as the electron acceptor. The addition of CuO nanoparticles to PEDOT:PSS layer improved the solar cell performance with 0.5% CuO nanoparticle concentration. At optimized concentration, CuO mixed PEDOT:PSS films had good electrical ($4.131{\Omega}{\cdot}cm$) and optical (transmittance > 90%) properties for using hole transporting layer. We investigated that improved solar cell performance with CuO nanoparticles mixed PEDOT:PSS films.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.457-458
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 PCBM([6，6]-Phenyl $C_{61}$ butric acid methyl ester)과 P3HT(Poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl (regiorandom))의 Donor, Acceptor 물질을 이용하여 스핀코팅법을 사용하여 PEDOT가 코팅된 ITO 유리기판에 스핀 코팅법을 사용하여 광활성층을 증착하였다. 이렇게 코팅된 유리기판에 열 증착법 사용하여 Al(cathode층)전극을 증착하여 유기태양전지를 제작하였다. 각각의 층에 대해서 SEM(전자주사현미경)을 이용하여 두께를 측정하였고 UV분광계를 이용하여 투과도를 측정하고 투과도를 이용하여 광학적 밴드갭을 계산하였다. ITO/PEDOT/ACTIVE AREA/Al 구조의 태양전지를 제작하여 광활성층의 두께와 Al의 두께에 따른 효율성을 측정하여 1% 이내의 효율을 보이는 태양전지를 제작하였다. PEDOT는 OLED에서 HTL층으로 사용되며 흘의 이동을 원활하게 해주는 역할을 한다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.88-93
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• 2008

The bulk-heterojunction polymer solar cell based on regioregular P3HT (poly(3-hexylthiophene)) and PCBM (methanofullerene [6,6]-phenyl $C_{61}$-butyric acid methyl ester) was fabricated. Annealing effects on the crystal structure of polymer-fullerene blends as well as the UV-VIS electronic absorption spectroscopy were investigated. The correlation between the crystal organization of bulk-heterojunction film and the power conversion efficiency of solar cell was studied. Resultantly, the polymer solar cell annealed on $150^{\circ}C$ for 30 min, showed both the enhanced molecular interactions and the optimized crystal structure and displayed the power conversion efficiency of 3.2 %.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.42-47
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• 2012

Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) is a metabolic regulator of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs). EETs have many beneficial effects, vasodilation, anti-diabetes, anti-inflammation, cardiovascular protection, renal protection. Therefore, selective sEH inhibitors have a potential for treating these diseases. In the present study, screening methods for sEH inhibitors using PHOME ((3-phenyl-oxiranyl)-acetic acid cyano-(6-methoxynaphthalen-2-yl)-methyl ester) and 14-15-EET as substrates were established. To determine selectivity, microsomal epoxide hydrolase (mEH) inhibition assay was also developed using styrene oxide as a substrate of microsomal epoxide hydrolase. Our results obtained from 12-[[(tricyclo[3.3.1.13,7]dec-1-ylamino)carbonyl]amino]-dodecanoic acid (AUDA) used as a positive sEH inhibitor and valpromide used as a positive mEH inhibitor showed that these methods are useful for discovery of drug candidates.