• 제목/요약/키워드: methicillin-resistant staphylococci

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Postoperative Infection Caused by Methicillin-Resistant Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci in the Oral and Maxillofacial Region: A Case Report

  • Lee, Hye-Jung;You, Jae-Seak
    • Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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    • 제45권1호
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    • pp.17-21
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    • 2020
  • Osteomyelitis of the jaw infected with Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci (CNS) is rarely reported in the Oral and Maxillofacial Region. Staphylococcus is a part of the normal body flora, but it may be cause severe infections and CNS are often described as the important pathogens in nosocomial infections. Although many studies on prevalence and antibiotics of Staphylococcus aureus have been done, but many of these studies focus only on Methicillin-resistant S. aureus and not on methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococci (MRCNS). There was a less study about CNS or MRCNS infections in the Oral and Maxillofacial Region. This report describes a case of a 41-year-old male patient who developed osteomyelitis caused by MRCNS on condyle after open reduction and internal fixation and suggests guideline for the prevention of postoperative infection and appropriate recommendation for treatment and control.

Polymerase Chain Reaction을 이용한 Methicillin-resistant Staphylococci의 신속 검출 (A Rapid Detection of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococci by Polymerase Chain Reaction)

  • 박진숙;박영진
    • 미생물학회지
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    • 제38권4호
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    • pp.306-311
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    • 2002
  • Methicillin-resistant staphylococci를 신속하게 검출하기 위한 방법으로 mecA polymerase chain reaction을 이용하고 결과를 항생제 감수성 검사와 비교하였다. 국내 병원에 입원중인 환자와 종사자로부터 총 43개의 staphylococci를 분리하여 항생제 감수성 시험을 실시한 결과, 43균주 중 methicillin 내성 균주(MRS)는 39 균주, 감수성 균주(MSS)는 4균주이었다. PCR시험결과, methicillin 내성 균주에서는 MRSC (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus cohnii), 1 균주(HRC2-4)를 제외하고 mecA 유전자에 해당하는 533bp의 절편이 중폭되었다. 한편, methicillin 감수성으로 분류된 MSSA (methicillin-susceptable Staphylococcus aureus), 1 균주(HSA1-10)에서도 mecA 유전자가 중폭되어 항생제 감수성과 상반된 결과를 보였다. 모든 MSSA는 mecA 양성을나타내었으나, 전체적으로 mecA 유전자의 유무는 항생제 감수성 검사와 95.6%의 일치를 나타냈다.

포도구균의 Erythromycin 유도성 Clindamycin 내성검출을 위한 간편한 디스크 확산법의 유용성 (An Easy Method of Disk Diffusion Antibiotic Susceptibility Test for Detection of Erythromycin-induced Resistance to Clindamycin in Staphylococci)

  • 주세익;이현;임규상;김의종
    • 대한임상검사과학회지
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    • 제38권1호
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    • pp.38-44
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    • 2006
  • A simple and easy modification of AST by disk diffusion was tested for the detection of induced clindamycin resistant Staphylococci and their antimicrobial susceptibility at the same time. The incidence of inducible clindamycin resistant staphylococci in blood culture and their MIC characterization at Seoul National University Hospital was analyzed by an AST contained disk approximation test (D-zone test) and Etest, respectively. Of the total 309 staphylococcal isolates, 139 (45%) isolates presented constitutive resistance to ERY and CLI (ERY-R, CLI-R phenotype), and 59 were ERY-I/R and CLI-S phenotypes. Of the 59 isolates, 19 (32%) isolates were inducible resistant to CLI. The incidence was higher in S. aureus (66.7%) than coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS, 26.0%). Especially, methicillin-resistant staphylococci (MRSA, 100%; MRCNS, 45.5%) presented higher inducibility than methicillin susceptible (MSSA, 50%; MSCNS, 20%). For most of the inducible clindamycin resistant staphylococci (15 of 19 isolates), their ERY MIC were high (>$128_{\mu}g/mL$) and were methicillin resistant. The remaining 4 isolates were methicillin susceptible and their ERY MIC were of intermediate concentrations ($1-4_{\mu}g/mL$). We concluded that suscetibility testing of staphylococci, especially methicillin resistant, should include the D-zone test.

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일부 어린이집의 실내공기 중 메치실린내성 포도알균의 오염 실태 및 특성 (A Study on the Concentration and Characteristics of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococci in the Indoor Air of Childcare Facilities)

  • 김종오;김영진
    • 한국환경보건학회지
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    • 제39권5호
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    • pp.447-455
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    • 2013
  • Objectives: This study aims to understand the concentration, diversity, and antibiotic characteristics of staphylococci present in the indoor air of child-care facilities. Methods: Air sampling was performed from October 2012 to January 2013 in 120 child-care facilities in Seoul, Korea. Methicillin-resistant bacteria were selected from the total obtained airborne bacteria and subjected to 16S rRNA analysis for methicillin-resistant staphylococcal species determination. Identified staphylococcal strains were tested for resistance to a range of antibiotics. Results: Average total airborne bacterial concentration was $508.9{\pm}246.3CFU/m^3$. Indoor concentration of total airborne bacteria had a significant positive correlation with the $CO_2$ concentration in the child-care facilities. Methicillin-resistant staphylococci were present in 13.3% of the child-care facilities studied. A total of four species (S. epidermidis, S. cohnii, S. saprophyticus, S. sp.) and 55 strains were identified from the indoor air of the child-care facilities. Staphylococcus cohnii was the most common species (54.5%), followed by S. epidermidis (38.2%). All of the isolated staphylococcal strains exhibited high resistance to oxacillin, erythromycin, mupirocin, and ceftizoxime. Especially, S. saprophyticus strains showed more multidrug resistance to oxacillin, vancomycin, clindamycin, erythromycin, lincomycin, ceftizoxime, mupirocin, and tetracycline than did other species. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that a monitoring system for multidrug-resistant bacteria is needed in facilities for children, as the community-associated infections of these bacteria are increasing.

닭에서 분리된 methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci의 동정 및 staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type (Identification and staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type of methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from chickens)

  • 공신국;육심용;이건택;김소연;홍영운;정윤택;이정화;김희정;황수명;장경수
    • 한국동물위생학회지
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    • 제33권3호
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    • pp.233-240
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    • 2010
  • Methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci (MRCNS) were isolated from the respiratory sites of chickens in 4 farms and slaughter house located in Chungnam provinces. Isolation of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) was positive for 61 (26.6%) of the 229 chickens tested, and isolation of MRCNS was positive for 17 (27.9%) of the isolated CNS. A total of 17 MRCNS isolates were selected and subjected to identification. Of the 17 MRCNS isolates selected, 6 were identified as Staphylococcus cohnii, 2 as S. saprophyticus, 3 as S. simulans, 3 as S. lentus, 2 as S. carnosus, and 1 as S. xylosus. The MRCNS isolates were resistant to many beta-lactam antibiotics, and some isolates were also resistant to macrolide and aminoglycoside antibiotics. The mecA gene was detected in some isolates of each MRCNS strains. The mecA-positive isolates were classified into five staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec). SCCmec types I to IV were detected in isolates from chickens.

말 및 말관련 종사자의 methicillin 내성 포도상구균의 유병율 조사 (Prevalence of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococci Isolates from Horses and Horse-related Personnel in Korea)

  • 이상규;한재익;김일화;나기정;강현구
    • 한국임상수의학회지
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    • 제31권3호
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    • pp.194-198
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    • 2014
  • Methicillin 내성 포도상구균은 전세계적으로 사람과 동물에서 중요한 병인체로 주목 받고 있다. 본 연구는 국내 말과 말을 취급하는 사람에서의 methicillin 내성 포도상구균 발생현황을 조사하고자 실시하였다. 국내 경주마 목장에 소재하는 총 195두의 말과 18명의 말을 취급하는 사람(8명의 수의사, 7명의 말 관리사, 3명의 동물병원 직원)을 대상으로 하였다. 면봉을 이용하여 한쪽 비강에서 시료를 채취하여 세균수송배지에 보관 후 5% 양 혈액배지에서 $37^{\circ}C$ 3일간 배양하여 포도상구균 존재여부를 확인하였다. 포도상구균은 16S rRNA 유전자 분석을 실시하여 동정하였으며, 동정된 포도상구균은 coagulase 검사를 실시하였다. Methicillin 저항성을 확인하기 위하여 oxacillin 디스크 검사와 함께 mecA 유전자 존재를 PCR을 통하여 확인하였다. 검사를 실시하였던 말 195두 중 64두가 포도상구균으로 동정되었으며, 이중 29두(44.6%)가 methicillin 내성 포도상구균으로 확인되었다. 말을 취급하는 18명 중 14명의 시료에서 포도상구균이 동정되었으며, 이중 12명(85.7%)의 시료에서 methicillin에 내성을 가지고 있는 포도상구균으로 확인되었다. 말과 사람에서 동정된 모든 methicillin 내성 포도상구균은 coagulase 음성으로 확인되었다. 또한 항생제의 사용기간이 긴 개체에서 사용기간이 짧았던 개체군보다 methicillin 내성 포도상구균이 높은 것으로 나타났다(p = 0.002). 본 연구결과는 사람과 말 사이에서 인수공통전파가 일어날 수 있음을 시사한다.

Antimicrobial Resistance of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococci Isolates from Dog Ears in Korea

  • Kwon, Geun Hyung;Kim, Jin Eui;Seo, Kwang Won;Kim, Yeong Bin;Jeon, Hye Young;Lee, Keun-Woo;Oh, Tae-Ho;Yi, Seong-Joon;Kim, Seung-Joon;Kim, Kil-Soo;Song, Jae-Chan;Kim, Tae-Wan;Lee, Young Ju
    • 한국임상수의학회지
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    • 제34권5호
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    • pp.335-340
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    • 2017
  • Methicillin-resistant staphylococci (MRS), which are often multi-drug resistant (MDR), are important pathogens in both human and veterinary healthcare. The purpose of this study was to characterize the antimicrobial resistance of MRS isolated from dog ears in Korea. From 827 dog ears, staphylococci were cultured from both ears with otitis externa (n = 161, 41.0%) and healthy ears (n = 135, 31.1%). The prevalence of coagulase-positive staphylococci (CoPS) in ears with otitis externa (58.4%) was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than in healthy ears (28.2%), while the prevalence of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) in healthy ears (74.8%) was higher (P < 0.05) than in ears with otitis externa (41.6%). Forty-six (35.1%) and 74 (44.8%) CoPS and CoNS isolates, respectively, were determined to be MRS. Antimicrobial resistance in MRS was most frequently observed for penicillin (76.7%), ampicillin (61.7%), kanamycin (61.7%), erythromycin (47.5%), tetracycline (47.5%), and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (46.7%). Overall, the MDR isolates were resistant to significantly more (P < 0.05) antimicrobial agents tested than methicillin-sensitive staphylococci in this study. These results provide therapeutic guidelines for the treatment of otitis externa in dogs from Korean veterinary hospitals, and the significant associated health concern to companion animals and their human contacts.

일개 고등학교 환경에서 메치실린 내성 포도알균의 오염도 조사 (Study on the Contamination of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus (MRS) in a High School Environment)

  • 홍승복;백윤희
    • 대한임상검사과학회지
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    • 제49권4호
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    • pp.420-426
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    • 2017
  • 메치실린 내성 포도알균(methicillin resistant Staphylococci, MRS)는 인체 여러 부위에서 집락화 될 수 있으며 의료기관과 연관된 사람에서 흔히 분리된다. 이 연구는 밀접한 단체생활을 하는 일개 고등학교 한 개 반의 학생들 손과 그들이 사용하는 책상에서 MRS 균의 오염 정도를 평가하고자 하였다. Staphylococcus aureus가 28명의 학생의 손 중에서 2 균주가 분리되었으며 모두 메치실린에 감수성이었다. 응고인자 음성 포도알균(coagulase negative Staphylococci, CoNS)는 26 균주가(26/28, 92.9%) 분리되었으며 이들 균주 중 14 균주는 메치실린 내성균(MRCoNS)이었다. 14 MRCoNS 중 S. warneri가 가장 흔하였으며(8/14, 57%), 이들은 대부분의 $non-{\beta}-lactam$ 항생제에 감수성 이었다. 31개의 책상에서는 S. aureus는 분리되지 않았으나 26 CoNS (26/31, 83.9%)가 분리되었다. 손과 책상에서 분리된 포도알균 이외의 균은 Micrococcus와 Bacillus spp.이었다. 결론적으로 MRSA는 이번 연구에서 분리되지 않았으나 mecA 유전자를 갖고 있는 MRCoNS는 학생들의 손에서 높은 비율로 분리되었다. 손씻기와 같은 예방 교육을 강화할 뿐만 아니라 이들 균의 오염 및 보균율 등의 조사와 같은 능동적 감시 등이 이들 균의 감염예방과 전파 차단을 위해 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

개와 고양이에서 분리된 메티실린 내성 포도상구균의 내성인자 분포조사 (Study on the Methicillin-resistant Gene Distribution of Staphylococci Isolated from Dogs and Cats)

  • Pak, Son-Il
    • 한국임상수의학회지
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    • 제20권3호
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    • pp.302-307
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    • 2003
  • 인의학에서 메티실린 내성 포도상균주는 병원감염의 주요 원인균으로 보고되고 있지만 소동물에서 이에 대한 연구는 거의 없다. 본 연구에서는 2002년 8월부터 2003년 7월까지 개와 고양이에서 분리된 136개의 포도상구균 분리주 (coagulase 양성 87주, coagulase 음성 49주)에 대하여 항생제 감수성 검사와 이들 분리주에서 메티실린 내성 유전자인 mecA 분포상황을 조사하였다. 136개 분리주중 43주 (31.6%)가 mecA 유전자를 가지고 있었고, 유전자의 분포율은 균주에 따라 상당한 차이를 보였다. 43주의 mecA 양성균주 중 31주 (72.1%)가 oxacillin 내성을 보여 mecA 양성균주가 반드시 oxacillin 내성과 일치하는 것은 아님을 시사하였다. 그러나 mecA 양성균주일수록 oxacillin 내성율이 높았는데 S. intermedius의 71.4% (p<0.001), coagulase 음성균주의 경우 72.4%가 내성을 보였다 (p<0.001). 분리주의 94주(69%) 적어도 하나 이상의 항생제에 내성을 보였고 특히 31주(22.8%)는 4가지 이상의 항생제에 동시에 내성을 보였다. Penicillin 항생제에 내성율이 71.7%로 가장 높았다. 본 연구는 국내 소동물에서 mcA 양성균주가 존재하며, 이러한 균에 의해 유도된 감염증을 치료할 때 다제내성의 특성 때문에 항생제 선택의 폭이 매우 제한될 수 있음을 시사한다.

Staphylococcal methicillin resistance expression under various growth conditions

  • Lee, Yoo-Nik;Ryoung, Poo-Ha;Lee, Young-Ik
    • Journal of Microbiology
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    • 제35권2호
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    • pp.103-108
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    • 1997
  • To improve the detection of methicillin resistant staphylococci, lowered incubation temperature (30.deg.) and inclusion of sodium chloride in media have been empirically recommended. However, in this study, we found that sodium chloride in Peptone-Yeast Extract-K$\_$2/HPO$\_$4/ (PYK) medium decreased methicillin minimum inhibitory concentrations. Divalent cations were shown to restore the expression of staphylococcal methicillin resistance. However, when it was determined by efficiency of plating, sodium chloride increased methicillin resistance expression on agar medium in which higher divalent cations were contained in the agar medium. The decrease of minimum inhibitory concentrations at 30.deg.C by sodium chloride occurred in Brain Heart Infusion but did not occur in other media investigated. Interestingly, both PYK and Brain Heart Infusion media had peptone, which contain cholic acids having detergent activities. Inclusion of sodium chloride in PYK caused a higher rate of autolysis. Penicillin binding protein 2a that has a low affinity to beta-lactam antibiotics, was highly inducible in methicillin resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis strains. In this study, we found that autolysins that are activated by the sodium chloride decreased the minimum inhibitory concentration at 30.deg.C, and peptidoglycan is weakened due to the presence of methicillin. Peptone in the media may aggravate the fragile cells. However, stabilization due to the presence of divalent cations and production of penicilin binding protein 2a increase the survival of staphylococci.

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