• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.6657-6662
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• 2013

Background: The objective of this study was to investigate antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of cabbage phytochemicals. Materials and Methods: Color coordinates were evaluated by colorimetry, and the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities were analyzed by spectrophotometer for some common cabbage varieties. Results: Red heads had the highest total antioxidant contents followed by Savoy, Chinese and green heads. The Chinese variety had the highest ABTS (2,2-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-sulfonic acid) antioxidant activity, was 5.72 ${\mu}mol$ TE/g fw (Trolox equivalent). The green variety had the highest DPPH (free radical scavenging activity) antioxidant activity, which was 91.2 ${\mu}mol$ TE/g fw. The red variety had the highest FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) antioxidant activity, which was 80.8 ${\mu}mol$ TE/g fw. The total phenol amounts were 17.2-32.6 mM trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) and the total flavonoid amounts were 40.0-74.2 mg quercetin per gram. Methanolic extracts of different cabbage heads showed different anti-inflammatory activity values. Chinese, Savoy and green heads had the highest anti-inflammatory activity, while red heads had the lowest. Conclusions: The results suggest that these varieties of cabbage heads could contribute as sources of important antioxidant and anti-inflammatory related to the prevention of chronic diseases associated to oxidative stress, such as in cancer and coronary artery disease.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.17-26
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• 2011

Objectives : Corydalis tuber has been used for promoting blood circulation and for relieving pain in Oriental medicine. In the present study, we focused on the antimicrobial activity of Corydalis tuber and compared its antimicrobial activity with the processed Corydalis tuber. Methods : Processing of Corydalis tuber was accomplished by immersing in 5% of acetic acid for 12 h and then by roasting at $250^{\circ}C$ for indicated time periods(0-30 min). Minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) and the zone of growth inhibition were determined against Propionibacterium acnes(P. acnes). Results : The methanolic extracts of Corydalis tuber showed potent antimicrobial effect(MIC 62.5 ${\mu}g/ml$). Its alkaloidal component, dehydrocorydaline, also exhibited antibacterial activity(MIC 25.0 ${\mu}g/ml$). After processing of Corydalis tuber, its inhibitory effect on the growth of P. acnes was significantly enhanced compared with that of unprocessed Corydalis tuber. Furthermore, elevated content of dehydrocorydaline was found in the processed than the unprocessed Corydalis tuber. However, the different roasting minutes effected on antimicrobial activity. The best roasting time of Corydalis tuber was 10 min, while roasting for the time above 15 min resulted in diminishing antimicrobial activity. Thus, it was concluded that the standardized processing condition of Corydalis tuber should be established to obtain enhanced antimicrobial(P. acnes) activity. Conclusion : For antimicrobial effect against P. acnes, the best processing condition of Corydalis tuber is immersing in 5% of acetic acid for 12 h and by roasting at $250^{\circ}C$ for 10 min.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.785-791
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• 2014

Crude extracts or phytochemicals obtained from some plants have potential anti-cancer properties. Teucrium persicum is an Iranian endemic plant belonging to the Lamiaceae family which has traditionally been used to relieve abdominal pains. However, the anti-cancer properties of this species of the Teucrium genus have not been investigated previously. In this study, we have used a highly invasive prostate cancer cell line, PC-3, which is an appropriate cell system to study anti-tumor properties of plants. A methanolic extract obtained from T persicum potently inhibited viability of PC-3 cells. The viability of SW480 colon and T47D breast cancer cells was also significantly decreased in the presence of the T persicum extract. Flow cytometry suggested that the reduction of cell viability was due to induction of apoptosis. In addition, the results of wound healing and gelatin zymography experiments supported anti-cell invasion activity of T persicum. Interestingly, sublethal concentrations of T persicum extract induced an epithelial-like morphology in a subpopulation of cells with an increase in E-Cadherin and ${\beta}$-Catenin protein levels at the cell membrane. These results strongly suggest that T persicum is a plant with very potent anti-tumor activity.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.111-117
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• 2011

BACKGROUND: Anthocyanins have been recognized as health-enhancing substances due to their antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and hypoglycemic effects. The objective was to identify anthocyanins-rich rice grains for the development of functional foods and/or functional food colorants METHODS AND RESULTS: Rice grains of one black and three red-hulled rice varieties were extracted with acidified 80% aqueous methanol. The antioxidant activity of the methanolic extracts was screened on TLC plates and in an in vitro assay using DPPH (1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) as a free radical source. Red-hulled rice varieties exhibited higher antioxidant activity (88%, 1 mg/mL) than black rice (67%, 1 mg/mL). Among the red-hulled varieties tested, rice variety SSALBYEO54 (901452) was the most active (72%, 0.5 mg/mL). Rice extracted anthocyanin compounds were analyzed by HPLC-DAD-FLD and LC-MS/MS. Red-hulled varieties comprised cyanidin-3-glucoside in addition to ferulic acid esters, apigenin and kaempferol glycosides. CONCLUSION(s): Anthocyanins identified in the black rice variety were cyanidin-7-O-galactoside, cyanidin-3-Oglucoside, cyanidin-3'-O-glucoside, cyanidin-5-O-glucoside, cyanidin-3, 7-O-diglucoside, cyanidin-3, 5-O-diglucoside and peonidin-4'-O-glucoside. The results of this study show that the black rice (IT212512) and red-hulled rice variety SSALBYEO54 (901452) contain notable antioxidant activity for potential use in nutraceutical or functional food formulations.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.27 no.12
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• pp.1226-1232
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• 2004

Extracts from seventeen seaweeds were determined for tyrosinase inhibitory activity using mushroom tyrosinase with L-tyrosine as a substrate. Only one of them, Ecklonia stolonifera OKAMURA (Laminariaceae) belonging to brown algae, showed high tyrosinase inhibitory activity. Bioassay-guided fractionation of the active ethyl acetate (EtOAc) soluble fraction from the methanolic extract of E. stolonifera, led us to the isolation of phloroglucinol derivatives [phloroglucinol (1), eckstolonol (2), eckol (3), phlorofucofuroeckol A (4), and dieckol (5)]. Compounds 1~5 were found to inhibit the oxidation of L-tyrosine catalyzed by mushroom tyrosinase with $IC_{50}$ values of 92.8, 126, 33.2, 177, and 2.16 ${\mu}g$ /mL, respectively. It was compared with those of kojic acid and arbutin, well-known tyrosinase inhibitors, with $IC_{50}$ values of 6.32 and 112 ${\mu}g$ / mL, respectively. The inhibitory kinetics analyzed from Lineweaver-Burk plots, showed compounds 1 and 2 to be competitive inhibitors with $K_i$ of $2.3{\times}10^{-4}\;and\;3.1{times}10^{-4}$ M, and compounds 3~5 to be noncompetitive inhibitors with $K_i$ of $1.9{\times}10^{-5},\;1.4{\times}10^{-3}\;and\;1.5{\times}10^{-5}$ M, respectively. This work showed that phloroglucinol derivatives, natural compounds found in brown algae, could be involved in the control of pigmentation in plants and other organisms through inhibition of tyrosinase activity using L-tyrosine as a substrate.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2010.10a
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• pp.16-16
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• 2010

본 연구는 13과 37종 양치식물의 엽상체(지상부)와 근경의 메탄올 추출물을 대상으로 식품의 오염 및 변질의 원인이 되는 Bacillus subtils, 식중독의 원인이 되는 Escherichia coli, 식중독 및 선회병(listeriosis)의 원인이 되는 Listeria monocytogenes, 피부 여드름의 원인이 되는 Propionibacterium acnes에 대한 항균활성을 탐색하고 항균력이 우수한 천연소재를 선발하기 위하여 시행하였다. $5mg{\cdot}mL^{-1}$의 농도의 추출물을 대상으로 각 미생물에 대하여 50% 이상의 항균활성을 나타낸 양치식물 추출물을 선발하였으며, 선발된 추출물을 2mg/disc의 농도로 조절하여 agar diffusion법으로 항균력을 측정하여 15mm 이상의 억제환을 나타내는 추출물을 선발하였다. 상기의 방법으로 선발된 추출물을 $0.125{\sim}2.000mg{\cdot}mL^{-1}$의 농도로 조절하여 72시간 동안 각 미생육의 생육에 미치는 영향을 분석하여 항균활성이 우수한 양치식물의 추출물을 선발하였다. 연구의 결과, B. subtils의 생육억제에는 야산고비의 성엽과 쇠고비의 근경 추출물, E. coli의 생육 억제에는 설설고사리의 성엽과 나도히초미 및 더부살이고사리의 근경 추출물, L. monocytogenes의 생육억제에는 관중의 성엽과 공작고사리, 꿩고비 및 쇠고비의 추출물이 효과적이었다. 한편 대부분의 양치식물 추출물은 P. acnes의 생육억제 효과가 미비하였으나, 관중과 참지네고사리는 성엽과 근경 모두에서 P. acnes의 생육억제 효과가 매우 우수하였으며, 별도의 제균처리를 하지 않은 관중과 참지네고사리의 메탄올 조추출물의 $MIC_{50}$은 성엽의 추출물에서 66.8과 $80.4{\mu}g{\cdot}mL^{-1}$, 근경의 추출물에서는 8.8과 $54.2{\mu}g{\cdot}mL^{-1}$로 나타났다.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.25-29
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• 2003

In this study, we examined the effects of the methanolic extract(CL-ex) of Codonopsis lanceolata on the angiogenesis stimulated with basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF) in vitro, using porcine pulmonary arterial endothelial cells(PPAECs). In addition, we investigated the endothelial functions involved in angiogenesis, such as proliferation, migration and secretion of matrix metalloproteinases(MMPs), using human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECS). CL-ex inhibited FGF-induced sprout formation in vitro at concentrations of 0.1-100 ug/ml. Although CL-ex did not affect the proliferation of endothelial cells, CL-ex strongly inhibited the FGF-induced migration of HUVECS at concentrations of 0.1-1 ug/ml; the degree of inhibition of endothelial cells by C-ex was 49.4% at 0.1 ug/ml and 71.9 % at 1.0 ug/ml. Moreover, CL-ex inhibited the secretion of MMPs from HUVECS stimulated with FGF. Therefore, the inhibitory effect of CL-ex on angiogenesis in vitro could be explained by the inhibition of endothelial cell migration. From these results, we suggest that Codonopsis lanceolata is a useful herb for the development of therapeutics or preventive food factors for angiogenesis related diseases, such as tumors.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.50-58
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• 2023

The phytochemical investigation of the crude methanolic extracts roots and stem bark of Anthonotha cladantha (Harms) J.Léonard led to the isolation and identification of twelve secondary metabolites: 2,3-dihydroxypropyl hexacosanoate (1), hederagenine (2), cycloeucalenol (3), 2α-hydroxylupeol (4), betulinic acid (5), lupeol (6), heptacosan-2-one (7), triacontanoic acid (8), stigmast-4-en-3-one (9), β-sitosterol (10), stigmasterol (11), and stigmasterol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (12). Their structures were elucidated with the help of their spectroscopic and physical data and by comparison with those reported in the literature. To the best of our knowledge, from all those compounds, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl hexacosanoate (1), hederagenine (2), cycloeucalenol (3), 2α-hydroxylupeol (4), and betulinic acid (5) are being reported for the first time from this genus. In addition, the acetylation of compound 1 afforded a new derivative 3-(hexacosanoyloxy)propane-1,2-diyl diacetate (1a). Compound 1 possessed a moderate α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with an IC₅₀ value of 39.2 ± 0.22 μM; it neither showed antioxidant activity nor inhibition against the enzyme urease. Compound 1a exhibited weak antioxidant activity in the DPPH assay with an IC₅₀ value of 80.3 ± 0.83 μM but was inactive against α-glucosidase and urease. Furthermore, both compounds 1 and 1a were inactive against seven pathogenic bacterial strains.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.247-256
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• 2023

Objectives: Enterococcus faecalis is a gram positive diplococci, highly versatile and a normal commensal of the gut microbiome. Resistance to vancomycin is a serious issue in various health-care setting exhibited by vancomycin resistant Enterococci (VRE) due to the alteration in the peptidoglycan synthesis pathway. This study is thus aimed to detect the VRE from the patients with root caries from the clinical isolates of E. faecalis and to evaluate the in-silico interactions between vanA and the Aegles marmelos bio-compounds. Methods: E. faecalis was phenotypically characterized from 20 root caries samples and the frequency of vanA and vanB genes was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Further crude methanolic extracts from the dried leaves of A. marmelos was assessed for its antimicrobial activity. This is followed by the selection of five A. marmelos bio-compounds for the computational approach towards the drug ligand interactions. Results: 12 strains (60%) of E. faecalis was identified from the root caries samples and vanA was detected from two strains (16%). Both the stains showed the presence of vanA and none of the strains possessed vanB. Crude extract of A. marmelos showed promising antibacterial activity against the VRE strains. In-silico analysis of the A. marmelos biocompounds revealed Imperatonin as the best compound with high docking energy (-8.11) and hydrogen bonds with < 140 TPSA (Topological polar surface area) and zero violations. Conclusion: The present study records the VRE strains among the root caries with imperatorin from A. marmelos as a promising drug candidate. However the study requires further experimentation and validation.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.115-123
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• 2007

The heterocyclic amines (HAs) are a family of mutagenic/carcinogenic chemicals formed from the cooking of muscle meats such as beef, meat, fowl, and fish. A major draw back in the analysis of HAs from foods is their very low level of concentration (ng/g) and a number of matrix interferences in samples. Solid-phase extraction (SPE) is one of the procedures widely used for the extraction and purification of HAs in food samples. In this study, several SPE procedures of HAs determination were performed. Recoveries of the HAs were obtained from comparing a matrix such as a standard methanolic solution and pre-cooked meat extracts. Recovery values were ranging between 25.3 and 93.0 % at a concentration of 25.0 ng/g. HAs were determined with high sensitivity by micro-HPLC (${\mu}$-HPLC) analysis with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). Another developed method, which is freezing filtration method, shows better extraction recoveries and good precisions. The established method will be applicable to monitoring of heterocyclic amines from the cooked meat.