• 열처리공학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2021

The martensitic stainless steel has excellent corrosion resistance and higher strength by quenching and tempering heat treatment. It has been widely used as blade material due to these properties. The hardness and impact toughness of martensitic stainless steel depended strongly on tempering temperatures. The 12Cr martensite stainless steel (SS 410) tempered about 540℃ showed temper embrittlement. To know cause of temper embrittlement in terms of phase identification, a detailed analysis of electron diffraction patterns during TEM observations has been carried out on the <110>α-Fe and <113>α-Fe zone axes for temper embrittlement specimen. The double electron diffraction spots at 1/3(211) and 2/3(211) positions were observed. The lattice space between individual diffraction spots was about 3.5 Å and this value coincide with three times to α-bcc lattice space (1.17 Å). The area which found double diffraction spots was judged metastable "zone" similar to the omega phase and induced embrittlement of SS410 material.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.596-598
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• 2006

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.47-52
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• 1984

Four polymorphic forms (I, II, III and IV) of hydrochlorothiazide have been characterized on the basis of x-ray diffractometry and differential thermal analysis. Form I was obtained by crystallization from N, N-dimethylformamide and Form II was crystallized from hot methanol. Form III was precipitated from sodium hydroxide aqueous solution by treatment with hydrochloric acid and Form IV was crystallized from 50% methanol. The metastable form I was a most stable form among four polymorphs, which was stable more than ten months at room temperature. The thermodynamic parameters such as heat of solution, enthalpy, entropy, free energy difference and transition temperature were determined by the measurement of intrinsic dissolution rate. The transition temperature and the heat of transition between the metastable Form I an Form II were determined to be $299.15^{\circ}$K and 5.03 Kcal/mole, respectively and free energy difference ($\delta$ F) was 302. 13 cal/mole. Diuretic action of these four polymorphic forms was also evaluated by monitoring the difference in urinary excretion of sodium, potassium and magnesium in rats.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보디스플레이학회 2004년도 Asia Display / IMID 04
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• pp.1173-1176
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• 2004

In a previous work we reported the bistable property by doping a chiral material in a splay cell. The bistable states are the splay state and the metastable 180$^{\circ}$twist state. The retention time of the metastable state can be changed by the variation of d/p (cell gap over pitch), cell gap, pretilt angle, azimuthal anchoring force, liquid crystal material, and so on. In this paper we will present uniform bend transition and twist retention time improvement in a multi-domain BCSN LC cell by using the multi cell gap method.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.24-30
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• 2003

The Raney Ni catalyst was fabricated by mechanochemically process(MC process) in the Al-Ni system. Intermetallic compound obtained by mechanical alloying was leached in an alkaline solution. The characteristics of the mechanically alloyed powder and Raney Ni catalyst were analyzed by XRD, ICP-AES and EXAFS. In Al-50wt.%Ni, the metastable intermetallic compound phase close to AlNi phase was obtained by mechanical alloying unlike Al-Ni equilibrium phase diagram. The metastable intermetallic compound was transformed into $Al_3$$Ni_2$phase via the annealing at $750^{\circ}C$. The microstructure of Raney Ni fabricated by MC process was mainly bcc Ni including fcc Ni.

• 한국진공학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.51-54
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• 2003

아르곤 방전 기체의 음 글로우 영역에서 자발적 직동의 광검류 신호를 관찰하였다. 자발적 진동의 광검규 신호는 3 mA 보다 낮은 땅선 전류에서 나타난다. 준안정 준위의 인자 밀도 변화와 1s-2p 전이의 방출 세기를 동시에 측정한 결과, 자발적 진동 신호를 발생시키는 메커니즘 중의 한 가지는 느린 전자의 충돌에 의한 준안정 준위 원자의 단계적 이온화이다.

• 한국생물물리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물물리학회 1998년도 학술발표회
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• pp.23-23
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• 1998

To understand structural and functional basis of loaded energy in the metastable native structure of inhibitory serpins (serine protease inhibitors), we characterized mutations that decreased the loaded energy of ${\alpha}$$_1$-antitrypsin and simultaneously influenced its inhibitory activity. Various folding defects such as side-chain locking, buried polar groups in unfavorable hydrophobic environment, and cavities were found as the structural basis of the metastability of ${\alpha}$$_1$-antitrypsin in a region presumably directly involved in the formation of complex between the inhibitor and a target protease.(omitted)

• 공업화학
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.16-23
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• 1994

아르곤 열플라즈마 CVD장치를 제작하여 메탄과 수소기체의 화학적인 반응을 이용해서 대기압하에서 몰리브덴 기판에 준안정상(metastable state)의 다이아몬드를 합성하였다. 증착실험 후 SEM관찰, X선 회절 및 Raman분광분석을 행한 결과, 기판표면온도와 수소에 대한 메탄 농도비에 따라 증착 입자의 morphology가 변화하였다. 본 연구에서 설정한 증착조건 범위에서 다이아몬드는 기판표면의 온도가 약 $890^{\circ}C$와 수소에 대한 메탄 농도비가 0.5%로 하였을 때, 결정성, 밀도 및 품질이 우수한 다이아몬드 입자를 합성하는 것이 가능하였다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제28권11호
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• pp.859-864
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• 1991

High quality lead titanate thin films were fabricated by spin coating on a silicon substrate. The resulting dried gel layers were uniform in thickness through 2$\times$2 $\textrm{cm}^2$ area, and polycrystalline perovskite structures developed almost crack free with a heat treatment above 50$0^{\circ}C$ in films with thickness above 360 nm. Metastable pyrochlore structures were observed in films with thickness of 160 nm when heat treated at 500 and $600^{\circ}C$, but these structure did not appear in films with thickness of 360 nm. The thickness dependence in crystal structure of films was studied. by varying the substrate condition and analyzing the interface between the film and substrate. In native oxide films on silicon stbstrates, amorphous dried gel layers were heterogeneously nucleated. Metastable cubic pyrochlore structure could be crystallized in amorphous native oxide.

• 연구논문집
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• 통권25호
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• pp.163-168
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• 1995

The intermetallic compound $Ni_3Al$ causes a peritectic reaction at the composition and temperature very close to the eutectic reaction in Ni-Al system. Although the phase diagram accepted for this system by ASM Handbook has the eutectic forming between the $\gamma$ and $\gamma$ phases, directional solidification study has shown that the eutectic occurs between $\beta$ and $\gamma$. This work examines the liquidus region using quenched, directional solidification experiments that preserve the microstructrues formed at the solidification front. It is also shown that under certain composition and growth conditions a metastable eutectic between the $\beta$ and $\gamma$ phases forms in this system. Finding of the metastable eutectic provided an important information to understand the phase equilibria near the $Ni_3Al$ composition.