• Animal cells and systems
• /
• 제3권1호
• /
• pp.97-102
• /
• 1999

In order to investigate the regional distribution and relative frequency of the serotonin-, somatostatin- and motilin-immunoreactive cells in the gastrointestinal tract GIT) of the bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) with developmental stages, group of bullfrogs subdivided into the tadpole with hindlegs, metamorphosed bullfrog with tail, 2 wk after metamorphosed bullfrog and adult bullfrog, were stained by immunohistochemical methods (PAP methods). Multifarious changes of the regional distribution and relative frequency of the gastrointestinal endocrine cells were observed as developmental stages but motilin-immunoreactive cell ere not detected in this study. Serotonin-immunoreactive cells were detected from 2 wk after metamorphosed bullfrog in the whole GIT. The positive cells were predominant in the pylorus regions. In the adult bullfrog, these cells increased in fundus. On the other hand, somatostatin-immunoreactive cells were observed from the tadpole with hindlegs in the stomach regions. In the metamorphosed bullfrog with tail, they were found in the whole GIT except for the ileum, and increased with developmental stages except for rectum. In the rectum, these cells were not detected after that period. Our results show that most of the immunoreactive cells appear from completed metamorphosed periods when the histological structure of GIT is completely differentiated.

• 대한수의학회지
• /
• 제39권1호
• /
• pp.20-26
• /
• 1999

To investigate the regional distribution and relative frequency of the neurotensin-, pancreatic polypeptide(PP)- and gastrin/cholecystokinin(Gas/CCK)-immunoreactive cells in the gastrointestinal tract of the bullfrog(Rana catesbeiana) with developmental stages, group of bullfrogs subdivided into the tadpole with hindlegs, metamorphosed bullfrog with tail, 2 weeks after metamorphosed bullfrog and adult bullfrog, were stained by immunohistochemical methods (PAP methods). Neurotensin-immunoreactive cells were observed from the pylorus of the metamorphosed bullfrog with tail, but these cells were not detected after that periods. PP-immunoreactive cells were detected from the adult bullfrog in the pylorus, duodenum and ileum. These cells were most predominant in the pylorus. Gas/CCK-immunoreactive cells were observed from the adult bullfrog in the pylorus. According to these results, most of immunoreactive cells in the gastrointestinal tract of the bullfrog were appeared after the complete metamorphosed periods, in which the complete differentiation of structure of gastrointestinal tract were occurred, and variable changes of the regional distribution and relative frequency with developmental stages were observed.

• 대한전자공학회논문지TC
• /
• 제46권5호
• /
• pp.78-87
• /
• 2009

IEEE 802.16 무선 MAN 표준안에서 best effort 서비스는 가장 낮은 우선 순위이며 예약 ALOHA 기반의 MAC 방식의 지원을 받는다. 이러한 MAC 방식에서 요청간의 충돌은 피할 수 없으므로 표준안은 충돌 중재를 위해 이진 지수형 back-off 규칙을 채택하였다. 본 논문에서는 throughput 성능의 향상을 위해 pristine 규칙과 metamorphosed 규칙으로 명명된 p-persistence 규칙에 기반한 두 가지 충돌 중재 규칙을 대안으로 제시한다. 또한 각 규칙에서 포화 throughput의 근사값을 계산하는 해석적 방법을 개발한다. 모의 실험 결과와의 비교를 통해 이러한 해석적 방법의 높은 정확성을 확인하고 이진 지수형 back-off 규칙과의 비교하여 pristine 규칙 및 metamorphosed 규칙은 높은 포화 throughput을 가져올 수 있음을 관찰한다.

• 자원환경지질
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.33-39
• /
• 1982

The Seosan Group in the Taean peninsular can be divided into Seosan formation and Daesan formation according to its metamorphism and stratigraphy. The Seosan formation is composed of iron bearing quartzite and schist which are strongly metamorphosed and migmatized about 2572 m.y.ago. The Daesan formation is composed mainly of quartzite and crystalline limestone. They were intruded by granite gneiss 2370m.y ago and metamorphosed two or three times before Jurassic Period. The Group is overlain by Taean formation which shows low grade metamorphism. Total three times metamorphic events can be recognized in these areas. First and second metamorphisms are predominent in amphibolite facies, the last metamolphism is mostly greenschist facies.

• 한국생명과학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국생명과학회 2008년도 제49회 학술심포지움 및 국제학술대회
• /
• pp.27.1-27.1
• /
• 2008

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
• /
• 제34권1호
• /
• pp.61-65
• /
• 2018

To know if small changes in rearing water temperature and density affect the number of bacterial and fungal colonies in metamorphosed frogs, Dybowski's frog tadpoles were reared from Gosner 25-26 stages at either low ($1^{\circ}C$ low to ambient water temperature), ambient, or high ($1^{\circ}C$ high) water temperature (each 15 tadpoles in 20 L water) condition and at either low (10 tadpoles/20 L water), medium (20 tadpoles), or high (30 tadpoles) density condition. Immediately after metamorphosis, we sampled bacteria and fungi from skin, liver, and heart of six metamorphosed frogs, randomly selected for each treatment group. After separate incubation of bacteria and fungi on 3M Petrifilm plates, we counted the number of bacterial and fungal colonies appeared on the plates and compared the numbers among the temperature and density treatment groups. For temperature treatment, high-temperature group had fewer bacterial colonies, while low-temperature group had more fungal colonies than the other two groups. For density treatment, low-density group had fewer bacterial colonies than the other two groups, but the number of fungal colonies were not different among the groups. Our results suggest that small increased rearing water temperature and lowered rearing density could potentially reduce pathogens in farming frogs.

• 자원환경지질
• /
• 제1권1호
• /
• pp.35-46
• /
• 1968

Some of geologists in Korea recently postlated that Okchon system previously known to be precambrian age was the metamorphosed sediments of post-Chosen (Ordovician and pre-Kyeongsang (late Jurassic to Cretaceous) periods, or even definitely of Triassic period simply on the basis of the fact that Okcheon system overlies the Great Limestone series of Chosen system of Camber-ordovician age, and of other few assumptions of minor importance. As a result of such correlation, thick series of metasediments and Okcheon system of unknown age were established in this particular region and vaguely correlated to Paleozoic and Mesozoic sediments. Recent study done by the author reveled that: 1) only the upper Okcheon bed of S. Nakamura was true Okcheon system, and the middle and lower Okcheon beds were excluded, because they were correlated to Cambrian and Permian sediments resfectively, 2) Sangnaeri, Seochangri, and rengam formations of unknown age, and Baekhwasan, Jobong, and Ihwaryeong formations of Okcheon system of also unknown age were the metamorphosed Yangdeok system of Cambrian age, all of these formations were differentiated by the previous workers and were equivalent to the middle Okcheon system of S. Nakamure, and. 3) These metamorphosed Yangdeok system overlaid apparently the Great Limestone series in forms of overthrust and klippe which were produced by the orogeny took place during post-Daedong and pre-Kyeongsang period (probably middle to the Jurassic). The Sobaeksan Range, folded mountain Chains was also formed by this orogeny. Thus, Okcheon system newly defined by the author is precambrain age and consists in ascending order of Kemyenogsan, Hyangsan dolomite, and Daehangsan quartzite formation which were previously classified into metasediments of unknown age, and Munjuri, and Hwangkanri, formations which were differentiated into Okcheon system unknown age by the previous workers, but are of reversed sequence. Myeongori and Bukrori formations of Okcheon System are regard by the author as part of Hwangkanri formation. Few other assumption of minor important taken by the previous workers as their positive evidences are carefully explained that they were misinterpreted.

• 자원환경지질
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.91-103
• /
• 1980

In spite of the fact that the Okcheon system has been rather intensively studied by many geologists since 1945, it still remains as a controversal problem as to its stratigraphy and geologic age. Present study has mainly focused on the upper members of the Okcheon system, namely the Hwanggangri and the Kunjasan formations so as to clarify the lithology, the depositional environment and the tectonic evolution of the formations. The Kunjasan formation lying unconformably over the Hwanggangri formation which is supposed to be a meta-tillite is interpreted as a metamorphosed calcareous argillaceous and/or arenaceous sediments on contract to the idea postulated by some geologists that it was a derivative of silicified Hwanggangri formation. Lithology of the Kunjasan and the Hwanggangri formation is quite different in that the former is white in color, contains few pebbles, and mostly composed of diopside and detrital quartz, whereas the latter is black to dark in color, contains abundant and variable kinds of pebbles, and composed of more argillacous matrix that has been metamorphosed to hornfels. The Hwanggangri and the Kunjasan formations were deposited in the rather deep sea which has transgressed toward northeast from southwest in the late Precambrian time, and the writer (1970) had formerly designated it as Okcheon Paleogeosyncline. With the beginning of Paleozoic era, Okcheon neogeogyncline was formed to the northeast of the old paleogeogyncline area. The transgression of the sea had proceeded toward southwest in which Cambrian strata were accumulated. During this period the area occupied formerly by the paleogeosyncline was uplifted, so that most of the Hwanggangri and the Kunjasan formations were eroded away except in the area close to the neogeosyncline sea coast. This is the reason why the Hwanggangri and the Kunjasan formations are cropped out presently in the area of the vicinity of contact zone of the paleo- and neogeosyncline zones. The age of the Okcheon system has been reconfirmed to be Precambrian from the view of the facts that 1) the Hanggangri formation, the upper member of the Okcheon system is meta-tillite and correlated to the Precambrian tillite in the Yantze basin in China, 2) the Okcheon system has been moderately metamorphosed while other formations of the same age, if it is Paleozoic or later, have not been metamorphosed, and 3) tectonic history and limited areal distribution of the Hwanggangri and the Kunjasan formations is suggestive of Precambian age.

• 자원환경지질
• /
• 제3권1호
• /
• pp.9-15
• /
• 1970

This paper describes the definition of the Ogcheon Group and its characters, and indicates that it is neither the Precambrian nor metamorphosed Cambro-Ordovician sediments, and its geological age might fall in Post-Ordovician on the bases of lithostratigraphy, correlation and geological structures.

• 한국정보처리학회논문지
• /
• 제7권6호
• /
• pp.1844-1851
• /
• 2000

본 논문에서는 인간 내에 존재하는 염색체의 검수분열을 이용한 변형된 유전 알고리즘에 대해 소개한다. 염색체 배열로 이루어진 개체와 이를 감수분열시켜서 생성한 생식체가 제시되며, 생식체들간의 교배를 통해 새로운 개체를 생성하는 앙ㄹ고리즘을 나타낸다. 이 생식체의 유형은 크게 XX,XY,MM 타입으로 나우었으며 이들의 교배에 의한 효고를 검증하기 위해 비교 대상으로 최근 우수한 알고리즘으로소개된 R.Stom이 개발한 차분진화 알고리즘의 결과와 비교하였다. 개체의 전체에 대한 돌연변이와 교배의 수행결과로 기존의 유전 알고리즘 보다 유연하고 여타 알고리즘에 비해서 작은 개체집단을 구성해서 운영하여 만족스러운 결과를 얻을 수 있었음을 보이고자 한다.