• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제22권7호
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• pp.1319-1330
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• 2000

유기성폐슬러지를 염화아연과 황화칼륨으로 약품활성화하여 제조한 활성탄의 세공발달과 흡착특성을 연구하였다. 유기성폐슬러지로 제조한 탄소의 세공발달은 77K에서 질소흡착법을 이용하여 특성화하였다. 염화아연으로 약품활성화하여 제조한 $ZnCl_2$-활성탄은 활성화공정에 의해 미세공이 형성되었음을 지적해주는 BDDT 분류의 type I의 흡착특성을 보여주었다. 상용 분말활성탄과 $K_2S$-활성탄은 BDDT 분류의 type IV와 유사한 이력현상을 나타냈는데, 이것은 이들 활성탄에 중세공이 형성되었음을 말해준다. 이것은 $K_2S$-활성탄은 주로 중세공과 미세공으로 이루어졌으며, 거대세공의 발달은 미비하다는 것을 의미한다. 유기성폐슬러지로 제조한 $K_2S$-활성탄의 중금속 흡착능은 상용입상활성탄보다 우수한 것으로 나타났다. $K_2S$-활성탄에 대한 중금속의 흡착은 단분자층 흡착을 나타내는 Langmuir와 Freundlich 등온식에 잘 부합되었다. $PO_4$-P에 대한 흡착능은 $K_2S$-활성탄이 $ZnCl_2$-활성탄보다 우수한 것으로 나타난 반면, $NO_3$-N의 흡착은 $ZnCl_2$-활성탄이 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구결과, 활성화제로 염화아연과 황화칼륨을 사용하여 유기성폐슬러지를 약품처리할 경우, 탄화와 활성화공정을 거치는 2단계 공정을 통하여 상용입상활성탄보다 흡착능이 뛰어난 활성탄을 제조할 수 있었다.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.185-192
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 표면개질 활성탄을 이용하여 수용액상에서 혼합 중금속($Cr^{6+}$, $As^{3+}$)의 흡착능을 평가하였고 또한 표면개질 활성탄을 안정화제로 활용하여 해양오염퇴적물 내 As 및 Cr에 대하여 중금속 안정화 실험을 수행하였다. 실험결과, 흡착평형은 약 120분 후에 도달하였다. 또한, 중금속 등온 흡착 특성은 Freundlich 및 Langmuir 방정식을 이용하여 해석하였으며, 평형흡착 실험결과는 Langmuir 모델에 잘 부합되었고 $As^{3+}$ (28.47 mg/g)가 $Cr^{6+}$ (13.28 mg/g)보다 평형 흡착량이 많았다. $Cr^{6+}$인 경우, 용액의 pH가 6에서 10으로 증가함에 따라서 흡착량은 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 하지만 pH 증가 변화에서 $As^{3+}$의 흡착량은 미미한 증가를 보였다. 안정화 방법은 오염퇴적물에 표면 개질한 활성탄 첨가 후 120일간 습윤 양생 하였다. 연속추출 실험결과로부터, 미처리 오염퇴적물과 비교해서 Cr 및 As의 이온교환, 탄산염, 산화물 및 유기물 존재 형태 합의 비는 각각 5.8% 및 7.6% 감소하였다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.501-508
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• 2009

In this study, the characteristics of granular activated carbon (GAC) supported metal was investigated in an area influenced by flame discharge and temperature variation during irradiating microwave. The modified GAC was formulated by impregnating metal hydroxides of nickel (Ni/GAC), barium (Ba/GAC), copper (Cu/GAC), zinc (Zn/GAC), cobalt (Co/GAC) and lanthanum (La/GAC). Ba/GAC was selected as it showed lack of spark discharge and temperature increasing aspects. Comparison of adsorption and desorption amount of GAC and Ba/GAC showed that adsorption and desorption rate of the GAC were higher than those of Ba/GAC. The results show that the presence of barium can decrease adsorption/desorption rate because of plugging pore of GAC. Toluene regeneration rate of Ba/GAC was better than that of GAC due to barium loading. Finally, GAC with barium can be controled a rapid increasing temperature and spark discharge, increased the regeneration rate of toluene during desorption by irradiating microwave.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제61권3호
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• pp.472-478
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• 2023

본 연구에서는 공기청정기 필터용 활성탄의 아세트알데하이드 제거 특성이 금속 촉매 첨착 및 관능기 도입 방법을 사용하여 조사되었다. 야자각 차의 KOH 활성화를 통해 고 비표면적(1700 m²/g)과 미세기공이 발달한 활성탄을 제조하였으며, 금속촉매 첨착과 관능기 개질을 위해 침지 후 기공 내 건조조건에 따른 첨착 효율을 조사하였다. 제조된 활성탄의 물성은 비표면적 및 기공 분석(BET), 유도결합 플라즈마 분광 분석(ICP), 유기 원소 분석(EA) 및 푸리에변환 적외선 분광 분석(FT-IR) 등을 통해 분석하였으며, 활성탄 성능 확인을 위해 침지 농도에 따른 아세트알데하이드 흡착성능을 가스크로마토그래피(GC)로 분석하였다. 첨착용액의 농도가 증가함에 따라 금속촉매 첨착량은 증가하였으며, 비표면적은 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 각 금속촉매 첨착 및 표면개질 활성탄의 파과시험 결과 MgO10@AC, CaO10@AC, EU10@AC, H-U3N1@AC 조성에서 우수한 아세트알데하이드 흡착성능을 보여주었다. 흡착성능이 가장 뛰어난 MgO10@AC에 대해 파과 시간은 533.8 분, 흡착량은 57.4 mg/g으로 측정되었으며, 이는 활성탄에 나노 크기의 MgO 촉매를 첨착할 경우 아세트알데하이드의 카보닐기와 상호작용하여 흡착성능이 개선됨을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.240-246
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to gain basic information on the characteristics of $CO_2$ adsorption in relation to $Na_2CO_3$, $K_2CO_3$, $Li_2CO_3$-impregnated activated carbon in a Fixed Bed Reactor. From the results of this study the following conclusions were made: $Na_2CO_3$, $K_2CO_3$, $Li_2CO_3$-impregnated activated carbon had a longer breakthrough time and more enhanced adsorption capacity than activated carbon alone. When tested with isothermal adsorption and tested for $CO_2$ adsorption the amount of $CO_2$ adsorbed varied with temperature, $CO_2$ inlet concentration, gas flow rate, aspect ratio, etc. Based on the results, when Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Polanyi adsorption isotherms were used for linear regression of isothermal adsorption data, Langmuir adsorption isotherm was the most suitable. And, the optimum condition for $Na_2CO_3$ and $K_2CO_3$ impregnated activated carbon make-up was 1N and $Li_2CO_3$ was 0.1N. It could be concluded that adsorption capacity was decreased with adsorption temperature and increased gas concentration. When the aspect ratio (L/D) was varied 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0, the significant drop of adsorption amount was observed below 1.0 and breakthrough time was shortened with gas flow rate.

• 청정기술
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.364-377
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 활성탄 원료로서 국내산 무연탄의 낮은 비표면적을 향상시키기 위해 유 무연탄 혼합에 따른 화학적 활성화 및 휘발성유기화합물 흡착특성 연구를 수행하였으며, 이를 위해 원료 물성, 활성탄 제조공정별 특성, 제조 활성탄의 휘발성 유기화합물 흡착성능이 분석되었다. 실험결과, 삼성분 항목 중 높은 회분함량과 기준을 초과한 납, 비소 중금속이 국내산 원료의 단점으로 나타났다. 단점 개선을 위해 유 무연탄을 혼합하고, 전처리, 활성화, 세척, 조립 공정의 최적 조건을 도출하여 비표면적 $1,154{\sim}1,420m^2g^{-1}$의 중간세공이 발달한 소수성의 활성탄을 제조할 수 있었으며, 모든 품질규격기준을 만족하였고, 상용활성탄과 유사한 물리화학적 특성을 나타내었다. 벤젠, 자일렌, 톨루엔 흡착에 상용 성능을 위한 원료 혼합조건은 최소 $5,640kcal\;kg^{-1}$ 이상의 발열량이 필요하며, 자일렌 > 톨루엔 > 벤젠의 순서로 흡착성능이 우수한 것으로 보아 상대적으로 분자량이 크고 소수성이 강한 휘발성 유기화합물에 대하여 우수한 흡착성능을 가지는 것으로 나타났다.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2007

Most of the herb residue producing from oriental medical clinics(OMC) and hospitals(OMH) is wasted in Korea. To develop of adsorbent for removing heavy metal from wastewater, the various pre-treatment methods of the herb residue were evaluated by potentiometric titration, Freundlich isotherm adsorption test and the kinetic adsorption test. The herb residue was pre-treated for increasing the adsorption capacity by cleaning with distilled water, 0.1 N HCl and 0.1 N NaOH and by heating at $370^{\circ}C$ for 30 min. It showed a typical weak acid-weak base titration curve and a short pH break like commercial activated carbon during photentiometric titration of pre-treated herb residue. The log-log plots in the Freundlich isotherm test were linear on the herb residue pre-treated with NaOH or HCl like commercial activated carbon. The adsorption capacity(qe) in the Freundlich isotherm test for $Cr^{6+}$ was 1.5 times higher in the pre-treated herb residue with HCl than in activated carbon. On the other hand the herb residue pre-treated with NaOH showed the good adsorption capacities for $Pb^{2+}$, $Cu^{2+}$ and $Cd^{2+}$ even though those adsorption capacities were lower than that of activated carbon. In kinetic test, most of heavy metals removed within the first 10 min of contact and then approached to equilibrium with increasing contact time. The removal rate of heavy metals increased with an increase of the amount of adsorbent. Likewise, the removal rates of heavy metals were higher in the herb residue pre-treated with NaOH than in that pre-treated with HCl. The adsorption preference of herb residues pre-treated with NaOH or HCl was $Pb^{2+}>Cu^{2+}$ or $Cd^{2+}>Cr^{6+}$ in the order. Conclusively, the herb residue can be used as an alternative adsorbent for the removal of heavy metals depending on pr-treatment methods.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.122-127
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• 2006

The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics of membrane fouling caused by soluble organic materials in a membrane bioreactor process. For the removal of filterable organic materials (FOC) smaller than $1{\mu}m$, coagulants and activated carbon were added. A membrane bioreactor using a submerged $17{\mu}m$ metal sieve was operated in laboratory scale to examine the possibility of membrane fouling control. As the dosage of GAC and coagulant increased, the residual FOC concentration decreased and the permeate flow rate increased markedly. The permeate flux increased with an increased PACl addition at the range from 0 to 50 mg/l. At coagulant dosage of 27mg/l, the removal of FOC was about 46% and the flux increased to 3.5 times compared to the case without PACl addition. The permeate flux increased gradually with an increase in GAC dosage. At GAC dosage of 50mg/L, the permeate flux was about 2 times higher compared that for raw water. The particle in the range of $0.1{\sim}1.0{\mu}m$ were removed effectively by the addition of GAC and coagulant. Higher osage of GAC and coagulant, led to higher removal of FOC. A different set of experiments was also performed to investigate the effect of pretreatment on the permeation ability of MBR system using the metal sieve membrane. After 40 hours of operation, the permeate flux was about 1,000 ($L/m^2-hr$), which is 20 times higher compared to the results in literature. It is likely that combined pretreatment using coagulant and activated carbon was the most effective to resolve membrane fouling problems. Moreover, the continuous operations could be successful by applying this pretreatment method.

• Carbon letters
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• 제26권
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• pp.1-10
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• 2018

Biochar obtained from the thermal conversion of biomass has high potential as a substitute material for activated carbon and other carbon-based materials because it is economical, environmentally friendly, and carbon-neutral. The physicochemical properties of biochar can also be controlled by a range of activation methods such as physical, chemical, and hydrothermal treatments. Activated biochar can be used as a catalyst for the catalytic pyrolysis of a biomass and as an absorbent for the removal of heavy metal ions and atmospheric pollutants. The applications of biochar are also expanding not only as a key component in producing energy storage materials, such as supercapacitors, lithium ion batteries, and fuel cells, but also in carbon capture and storage. This paper reviews the recent progress on the activation of biochar and its diverse present and future applications.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.150-156
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• 2008

Pitch-binded activated carbon fiber(ACF)/$TiO_2$ composite photocatalysts were prepared by Carbon Tetra Chloride (CTC) solvent mixing method with different mixing ratios of anatase to ACF. The result of the textural surface properties demonstrated that there is a slight increase in the Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET) surface area of composites with an increase of the amount of ACF. The surfaces structure morphologies of the composites were observed using an Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). In the XRD patterns for all ACF/$TiO_2$ composites, the diffraction peaks showed the formation of anatase crystallites. The EDX spectra showed the presence of C, O and Si with strong Ti peaks. Most of these samples were richer in carbon and major Ti metal than any other elements. From the photo-decomposition results, the excellent activity of the ACF/$TiO_2$ composites between c/$c_0$ for methylene blue and UV irradiation time could be attributed to both the effects of the photocatalysis of the supported $TiO_2$ and adsorptivity of activated carbon fiber and another carbon derived from pitch.