• 근관절건강학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.75-83
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of an 8-week aquatic exercise program on risk factors of metabolic syndrome and stress in women. Methods: This study employed a non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design. A total of 35 patients were recruited through a community health center. The data were analyzed with the SPSS 22.0 version program, and the outcome variables were risk factors of metabolic syndrome including abdominal circumference, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, and the level of stress. Results: There was no statistically significant differences in abdominal circumference, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, and blood pressure difference (post-pre) between the experimental and control group. However, there was a significant difference in the stress level. Conclusion: This study result support the beneficial effect of stress management in women on risk reduction for metabolic syndrome. Health professionals consider to develop strategy of the aquatic exercise program to reduce factors of metabolic syndrome.

• 한방비만학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.95-105
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• 2003

The obesity is the matter of the energy balance in essential. The energy balance in human body is energy expenditure subtracted from energy intake. The energy intake is mainly supplied by carbohydrates, proteins and lipids in food, and the energy expenditure is composed of basal metabolic rate or resting energy expenditure, physical activity and thermogenesis including diet-induced thermogenesis. The resting energy expenditure is measured by direct calorimetry and indirect calorimetry. Generally we can simply use predictive equation with the variables of weight, height, age and fat-free mass to yield metabolic rate. But there is discrepancy between the estimate and real metabolic rate because the equations can not reflect individuality and environments. The resting energy expenditure is influenced by many factors but the fundamental factor is fat-free mass. We briefly reviewed the concept and evaluation of the energy balance, intake and expenditure, which are important parts in the study of obesity. Finally, we surveyed the correlation between metabolic rate and obesity and suggested applicable herb medication to increase metabolic rate.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.787-796
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• 2012

본 연구의 목적은 PAPS를 실시하여 4, 5급에 해당하는 저체력군 학생을 대상으로 16주 복합운동프로그램을 통해 대사증후군과 자율신경계에 어떠한 변화가 나타나는가를 규명하는 것이다. 16주 복합운동프로그램은 주 5회에 걸쳐 준비운동, 본운동, 정리운동으로 구성하고 1회 50분씩 실시하였다. 자료처리는 SPSS 19.0 통계프로그램을 이용하여 모든 종속변인들의 평균과 표준편차를 산출하였다. 샤피로-윌크 검정값을 이용하여 정규성 검정을 실시하였고, 복합운동집단과 통제집단의 모평균 차이를 위하여 독립표본 t-검정을 실시하였으며, 16주 복합운동프로그램 전 후 각 집단 내변인들의 변화를 알아보기 위해 대응표본 t-검정을 실시하였다. 모든 통계치의 유의수준은 ${\alpha}$=.05로 처리하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 본 연구 결과 대사증후군 지표에서는 허리둘레, 중성지방, 공복혈당, HDL-C에서 유의한 차이를 나타냈고, 자율신경계 요인에서는 통계적으로 모두 유의한 차이가 나타나 저체력군 고등학생에 긍정적인 영향을 미친 것으로 사료되어 진다.

• 한국건강관리협회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.85-94
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• 2006

Background Cardiovascular disease is becoming an important national health issue since its recent increase in incidence and mortality. The study was conducted to find out the prevalence of metabolic syndrome according to the clinical identification criteria by NCEP-ATP3 and Asia-Pacific criteria. Meterials & Methods: The subjects were 759 people -male 375 and female 384 after twenties age - who had undergone medical examinations at Korea Association of Health, Daejeon- Chungnam Branch. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was assessed as defined by the NCEP ATP3, while abdominal obesity was assessed according to the Asia-Pacific guidelines. Anthropometric variables and cardiovascular risk factors were measured, and Associated factors with metabolic syndroms was analyzed by logistic regression analysis. Results The prevalence of metabotic syndrome was 24.O% for male and 27.1% for female The high blood pressure was the highest prevalent risk factors of metabolic syndrome. In the age group of thirties, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was higher in men than in women, however it was significantly higher in women than in men in fifties and six ties. The metabolic syndrome was more prevalent in aged people over 50 years. and .significantly associated with BMI index(odds ratio 2.58 in male, 9.87 in female)Conclusions The prevalence of metabolic syndrome is over 20%.Early detection and intervention of risk factors by health examination and promotion are needed for prevention of metabolic syndrome.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.367-377
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• 2023

This study investigates the utility of the Triglyceride-glucose(TyG) index and Cardiometabolic Index(CMI) as predictors for diagnosing metabolic syndrome. The study involved 1970 males, 1459 females, totaling 3429 participants who underwent health checkups at P Hospital in Busan between January 2023 and June 2023. Metabolic syndrome diagnosis was based on the presence of 3 or more risk factors out of the 5 criteria outlined by the American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute(AHA/NHLBI), and participants with 2 or fewer risk factors were categorized as normal. Statistical analyses included independent sample t-tests, chi-square tests, Pearson's correlation analysis, Receiver Operating Characteristic(ROC) curve analysis, and logistic regression analysis, using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences(SPSS) program. Significance was established at p<0.05. The comparison revealed that the metabolic syndrome group exhibited attributes such as advanced age, male gender, elevated systolic and diastolic blood pressures, high blood sugar, elevated triglycerides, reduced LDL-C, elevated HDL-C, higher Cardiometabolic Index, Triglyceride-glucose index, and components linked to abdominal obesity. Pearson correlation analysis showed strong positive correlations between waist circumference/height ratio, waist circumference, Cardiometabolic Index, and triglycerides. Weak positive correlations were observed between LDL-C, body mass index, and Cardiometabolic index, while a strong negative correlation was found between Cardiometabolic Index and HDL-C. ROC analysis indicated that the Cardiometabolic Index(CMI), Triglyceride-glucose(TyG) index, and waist circumference demonstrated the highest Area Under the Curve(AUC) values, indicating their efficacy in diagnosing metabolic syndrome. Optimal cut-off values were determined as >1.34, >8.86, and >84.5 for the Cardiometabolic Index, Triglyceride-glucose index, and waist circumference, respectively. Logistic regression analysis revealed significant differences for age(p=0.037), waist circumference(p<0.001), systolic blood pressure(p<0.001), triglycerides(p<0.001), LDL-C(p=0.028), fasting blood sugar(p<0.001), Cardiometabolic Index(p<0.001), and Triglyceride-glucose index (p<0.001). The odds ratios for these variables were 1.015, 1.179, 1.090, 3.03, and 69.16, respectively. In conclusion, the Cardiometabolic Index and Triglyceride-glucose index are robust predictive indicators closely associated with metabolic syndrome diagnosis, and waist circumference is identified as an excellent predictor. Integrating these variables into clinical practice holds the potential for enhancing early diagnosis and prevention of metabolic syndrome.

• 운동영양학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.9-13
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• 2020

[Purpose] This preliminary study aimed to develop a regression model to estimate the resting metabolic rate (RMR) of young and middle-aged Koreans using various easy-to-measure dependent variables. [Methods] The RMR and the dependent variables for its estimation (e.g. age, height, body mass index, fat-free mass; FFM, fat mass, % body fat, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, pulse pressure, and resting heart rate) were measured in 53 young (male n = 18, female n = 16) and middle-aged (male n = 5, female n = 14) healthy adults. Statistical analysis was performed to develop an RMR estimation regression model using the stepwise regression method. [Results] We confirmed that FFM and age were important variables in both the regression models based on the regression coefficients. Mean explanatory power of RMR₁ regression models estimated only by FFM was 66.7% (R²) and 66.0% (adjusted R²), while mean standard errors of estimates (SEE) was 219.85 kcal/day. Additionally, mean explanatory power of RMR₂ regression models developed by FFM and age were 70.0% (R²) and 68.8% (adjusted R²), while the mean SEE was 210.64 kcal/day. There was no significant difference between the measured RMR by the canopy method using a metabolic gas analyzer and the predicted RMR by RMR₁ and RMR₂ equations. [Conclusion] This preliminary study developed a regression model to estimate the RMR of young and middle-age healthy Koreans. The regression model was as follows: RMR₁ = 24.383 × FFM + 634.310, RMR₂ = 23.691 × FFM - 5.745 × age + 852.341.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.101-109
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• 2014

Objectives The relationship between metabolic syndrome causes and bone mineral density (BMD) was explored by taking 60 female chronic low back pain patients with age 61 years old or elder having metabolic syndrome and osteoporosis as study subjects. Methods Fasting blood glucose, serum total-cholesterol, triglyceride and HDL were measured by biochemical tests. Anthropometric elements and blood pressure were measured. Results Average BMD and T-score of part number 1 to 3 of lumbar vertebra were estimated by Quantitative Computed Tomography (QCT). In order to find the relationship between clinical factors and osteoporosis, correlation analysis was done on T-score. Age (r=0.679, p<0.01) had significant negative correlation and weight (r=0.342, p<0.01) and height (r=0.475, p<0.01) had significant positive correlation. Blood glucose, blood pressure, total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL and body mass index did not have significant correlation. BMD had negative correlation with age (r=0.317, p<0.05). Regression analysis was done by taking T-score as independent variables and taking other factors as dependent variables. It was possible to know that age ($\beta$=-0.471, t=-7.050) with p<0.001, height ($\beta$=0.277, t=4.120) and weight ($\beta$=2.856, t=2.780) with p<0.05 have significant impact on osteoporosis. Conclusions Therefore, it was possible to know that T-score and BMD decrease as one gets older and T-score and BMD increase as one is taller and heavier.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제20권7호
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• pp.1100-1106
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• 2010

본 연구는 체지방률이 35% 이상인 폐경기 비만중년여성 26명을 대상으로 하타요가 운동이 체조성과 렙틴 및 대사증후군관련인자에 미치는 영향과 렙틴에 영향을 미치는 대사증후군인자들을 규명하기 위하여 하타요가 운동을 16주간 실시한 후 운동전과 후의 체조성, 렙틴 및 대사증후군인자를 측정하여 비교분석하였다. 본 연구의 결과 운동 후에 하타요가집단에서 체중, 체지방률, 체질량지수, 허리둘레, 허리엉덩이둘레비 및 내장지방면적이 유의하게 감소하였고, 골격근량(SMM)은 증가하였다. 고밀도지단백 콜레스테롤(HDL-C)은 유의하게 증가하였고, 렙틴, 총콜레스테롤(TC), 중성지방(TG), 저밀도지단백 콜레스테롤(LDL-C), 인슐린, 글루코스 및 인슐린저항성지수(HOMA-IR)는 유의하게 감소하였으며, 하타요가집단의 렙틴에 영향을 미치는 대사증후군인자는 HDL-C로 나타났다. 이상과 같이 하타요가운동으로 체지방의 감량이 렙틴저항성을 개선하여 렙틴의 감소와 대사증후군인자의 개선으로 생활습관병을 예방하는 데 효과가 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.269-277
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to understand the mechanism of cardiovascular disease (CVD) caused by exposure to hazardous chemicals. We investigated changes in the symptoms of metabolic syndrome, which is strongly related to CVD, and in levels of other CVD risk factors, with a special emphasis on the roles of catecholamines and oxidative stress. The results revealed that neither body mass index (BMI) nor waist and hip circumferences were associated with exposure to hazardous chemicals. Among metabolic syndrome criteria, only HDL-cholesterol level increased on exposure to hazardous chemicals. Levels of epinephrine (EP) and norepinephrine (NEP) were not influenced by exposure to hazardous chemicals; however, the total antioxidative capacity (TAC) reduced because of increased oxidative stress. Both hazardous chemical exposure level and metabolite excretion were related to EP, NEP, and the oxidative stress index (OSI). Logistic regression analysis with these factors as independent variables and metabolic syndrome criteria as dependent variables revealed that EP was associated with blood pressure, and NEP with metabolic syndrome in the chemical-exposed group. In conclusion, the results suggest that reactive oxygen species generated and oxidative stress due to exposure to hazardous chemicals act as mediators and cause changes in the physiological levels of EP and NEP to increase blood pressure. This ultimately leads to the development of CVD through increase in cholesterol, triglyceride, and blood glucose levels by lipid peroxidation.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.165-173
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• 2022

Purpose : This study was conducted to apply a 12-week resistance exercise program to obese elderly people with sarcopenia and verify the risk factors of sarcopenia and metabolic syndrome as well as the effects of this program on improving muscle function, and thus to serve as basic data for preventing and improving sarcopenia. Methods : Forty elderly people aged 65 or older were recruited and underwent dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Based on the criteria of appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM/Height²: less than 5.4 kg/m²) and body fat percentage (at least 30 % for women and 25 % for men), 18 obese elderly people with sarcopenia were finally selected after excluding 22 elderly people who did not meet the criteria. Variables related to sarcopenia, metabolic syndrome, and muscle function were measured before the 12-week resistance exercise program. Results : The 12-week resistance exercise program significantly increased the bone density and muscle mass and decreased the fat mass and fat percentage in obese elderly with sarcopenia. The 12-week resistance exercise program significantly increased the HDL-C and decreased the LDL-C and waist circumference in obese elderly people with sarcopenia (p<.05). The 12-week resistance exercise program significantly increase grip strength, static balance, and 6-minute walking in obese elderly people with sarcopenia (p<.05). Conclusion : Accordingly, resistance exercise is considered a way to reduce the exorbitant medical expenses of patients who are bedridden for long and improve the lowered quality of individuals in a super-aged society.