• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제103권2호
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• pp.211-217
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• 2014

잣나무의 주요생장관련 대사물질 인자를 구명하기 위하여 3개 지역에 풍매차대 가계로 조성한 29년생 잣나무의 대사물질을 GC/MS을 이용하여 대사체분석을 실시하였다. 분리한 110종의 대사 물질 중 62종이 우수가계와 저조가계 간에 유의적 차이(p<0.05)가 있었으며 모두 상대적으로 우수가계에서 대사물질 함량을 높게 함유하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. Phosphoric acid, alanine, glycine, malic acid, sucrose, d-turanose, succinic acid 등 22종의 물질은 생장 저조 가계에 비해 생장 우수 가계에서 1.5배 이상 높게 함유되어 있었다. 한편 생장특성과 대사물질간의 상관관계를 분석한 결과 생장 우수가계와 생장 저조가계 그룹 간에 유의적 차이가 있었던 alanine, malic acid, sucrose, d-turanose, succinic acid 등 15종에서 고도의 정의 상관관계(p<0.01)가 있었다. 또한 생장과 유의적 상관관계(p<0.05)가 있으면서 지역간에 변이가 적어 환경에 영향을 적게 받고 있는 대사물질로는 acetic acid, succinic acid, butanoic acid, glutamic acid 및 inositol로 분석되었다. 이들 물질은 잣나무 생장 우수개체에 유의적으로 높게 함유하고 있는 대사물질 인자로 추정되었다.

• 대한유전성대사질환학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2016

국내 정부 지원 무료 검사로 진행 중인 6종 신생아 선별 검사에서 호모시스틴뇨증을 진단하기 위해 메티오닌의 증가가 마커로 사용되고 있다. 그러나 실제 고메티오닌혈증에서 감별해야 하는 질환들에는 간질환, tyrosinemia type I (MIM #276700), methionine adenosyltransferase (MAT) I/III 결핍, glycine N-methyltransferase (GNMT) 결핍, adenosylhomocy-steine hydrolase (SAHH) 결핍, adenosine kinase (ADK) 결핍, citrin deficiency (citrullinemia type I) 등이 있다. 고메티오닌혈증의 흔한 원인이자 양성 질환으로 알려졌던 MAT I/III 결핍 질환은 유전 방식에 따라 신경학적 증상 발현 및 치료의 필요성이 보고되고 있어 신생아 선별검사에서 고메티오닌혈증 양성으로 나올 경우 감별 진단 및 처치에 대한 가이드라인이 필요하겠다. 신생아 선별검사에서 고메티오닌혈증 양성으로 나올 경우, 간수치 및 혈장 아미노산 분석, 혈장 총 호모시스테인 수치를 통해 여러 질환 들을 감별할 수 있으며 혈장 총 호모시스테인의 증가가 40 umol/L 미만의 경우에서는 MAT I/III 결핍을 먼저 고려해 볼 수 있겠다. MAT I/III 결핍에서는 우성 유전형일 경우에는 치료가 필요 없지만 열성 유전형에서는 정기적인 발달 지표, 혈장 메티오닌과 총 호모시스테인 수치의 추적이 필요하겠으며 심한 고메티오인혈증(>800umol/L)에서는 저메티오닌식이를, 발달 지연, 뇌말이집 형성 장애가 동반한 경우에는 S-adenosylmethio-nine (SAM) 복용을 고려한다. 호모시스틴뇨증에서는 절반에서 피리독신 반응형을 보이고 피리독신 반응형은 조기에 메티오닌 증가가 없을 수 있기에 선별검사에서 놓칠 수 있다. 치료에는 저메티오닌 식이, 피리독신, 베타인, 엽산 등이 있으며 베타인 투약시 메티오닌 증가로 인한 뇌부종에 대한 주의가 필요하다. 그 외 GNMT, SAHH, ADK 결핍은 현재 환자 수와 예후가 제한적으로 조기 진단 및 치료에 대한 뚜렷한 이득이 명확하지 않은 상태이다. 미국, 유럽의 일부 기관들에서는 낮은 메티오닌 수치로 재메칠화 장애에 대한 선별검사도 시행하고 있어 국내에도 관련 질환에 대한 현황 및 선별검사 도입의 필요성에 대해 논의가 필요하겠다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.209-216
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• 2015

Stress is now recognized as a universal premorbid factor associated with many risk factors of various chronic diseases. Acute stress may induce an individual's adaptive response to environmental demands. However, chronic, excessive stress causes cumulative negative impacts on health outcomes through "allostatic load". Thus, monitoring the quantified levels of long-term stress mediators would provide a timely opportunity for prevention or earlier intervention of stressrelated chronic illnesses. Although either acute or chronic stress could be quantified through measurement of changes in physiological parameters such as heart rate, blood pressure, and levels of various metabolic hormones, it is still elusive to interpret whether the changes in circulating levels of stress mediators such as cortisol can reflect the acute, chronic, or diurnal variations. Both serum and salivary cortisol levels reveal acute changes at a single point in time, but the overall long-term systemic cortisol exposure is difficult to evaluate due to circadian variations and its protein-binding capacity. Scalp hair has a fairy predictable growth rate of approximately 1 cm/month, and the most 1 cm segment approximates the last month's cortisol production as the mean value. The analysis of cortisol in hair is a highly promising technique for the retrospective assessment of chronic stress. [BMB Reports 2015; 48(4): 209-216]

• 한국의학물리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국의학물리학회 2003년도 제27회 추계학술대회
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• pp.73-73
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• 2003

Purpose: To determine the motor cortex dysfunction in hemiparetic patients due to deep intracerebral hematoma, authors performed proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (lH MRS) for the evaluation of biochemical changes in the cortex on affected hemisphere according to axonal injury at the level of internal capsule. Methods: Ten control subjects and 14 patients with documentable hemiparesis of varying severity hemiparesis were included. All the hemiparesis was caused by deep intracerebral hematoma (putaminal and thalamic hemorrhage). In vivo 1H MRS study was performed on a 3T MRI/MRS system using STEAM sequence. As a single-voxel technique, Spectral parameters were: 20 ms TE, 2000 ms TR, 128 averages, 2500 Hz spectral width, and 2048 data points. Results: We found that the mean N-acetylaspartate (NAA)/phosphocreatine (Cr) and NAA/choline (Cho) ratios were significantly decreased in the motor cortex of the hemiparesis patients compared with control subjects. Conclusions: 1H MRS examinations of the motor cortex might help to differentiate distinct clinical entities of hemiparesis and to monitor pharmacological effects in therapeutic trials, providing a quantitative biological marker for motor neuron dysfunction. Acknowledgement: This study was supported by a grant of the Center for Functional and Metabolic Imaging Technology, Ministry of Health & Welfare, Republic of Korea. (02-PJ3-PG6-EV07-000).

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.57-62
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• 2002

In vivo expression technology (IVET) has been developed to study bacterial gene expression in Salmonella typhimurium during host infection. The expression of selected genes by IVET has been elevated in vivo but not in vitro. The selected genes turned out to be important for bacterial virulence and/or pathogenicity. IVET depends on a synthetic operon with a promoterless transcriptional fusion between a selection marker gene and a reporter gene. The IVET approach has been successfully adapted in other bacterial pathogens and plant-associated bacteria using different selection markers. Pseudomonas putida suppresses citrus root rot caused by Phytophthora parasitica and enhances citrus seedling growth. The WET strategy was adapted based on a transcriptional fusion, pyrBC'-lacZ, in P. putida to study the bacterial traits important far biocontrol activities. Several genes appeared to be induced on P. parasitica hyphae and were found to be related with metabolism and regulation of gene expression. It is likely that the biocontrol strain took a metabolic advantage from the plant pathogenic fungus and then suppressed citrus root rot effectively. The result was parallel with those from the adaptation of IVET in P. fluorescens, a plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). Interestingly, genes encoding components for type III secretion system have been identified as rhizosphere-induced genes in the PGPR strain. The type III secretion system may play a certain role during interaction with its counterpart plants. Application of IVET has been demonstrated in a wide range of bacteria. It is an important strategy to genetically understand complicated bacterial traits in the environment.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.39-46
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• 2008

Background : Acupuncture has been used as a clinical treatment in Oriental medicine for various diseases including pain relief. The descending pain control system of periaqueductal gray (PAG) is a powerful pain control system in mammalians. Expression of c-Fos is used as a marker for stimuli-induced metabolic changes of neurons. Objective : In the present study, the effects of acupuncture on analgesic effect in visceral pain were investigated through the writhing reflex and c-Fos expression in ventrolateral PAG (vlPAG) area using immunohistochemistry in mice. Method : For the writhing test, mice were divided into five groups. Immediately after finishing the behavioral test, the animals were weighed and overdosed with Zoletil. After a complete lack of response was observed, the brains of the mice were dissected into serial coronal sections, and c-Fos immunohistochemistry was performed. Statistical analysis of all data was performed using one-way ANOVA. Result : The present results showed that acupuncture affected the writhing reflex and that Choksamni (zusnali) acupoint and aspirin significantlysuppressed acetic acid treatment-induced increased writhing reflex, and the expression of c-Fos in vlPAG was significantly increased in the acupunctured group. Conclusion : The present study suggests that acupuncture has an antinociceptive effect on acetic acid-induced visceral pain by increase of c-Fos expression in mice. Aspirin also showed analgesic effect, however the mechanism is different from the acupuncture.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.116-119
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• 2015

Globotriaosylsphingosine (lyso-Gb3) is considered as one of the biological marker for Fabry disease. To date, a reliable biomarker that reflects disease severity and progression has not been discovered to guide the management of Fabry disease. A new method included a simple protein precipitation with acetonitrile in 100 μL of plasma following analyte separation on an Phenomenex Kintex- C18 column using a gradient elution (0.1% formic acid in 5-90% acetonitrile). Total run time was within 12 min including sample preparation and MS/MS analysis. The limit of detection and limit of quantitation were 1 ng/mL and 2 ng/mL, respectively. The calibration curve was linear over the concentration range of 2.0-200.0 ng/mL (r² = 0.9999). Inter-day accuracy and precision at 7 level were 93.4-100.7% with RSD of 0.55-5.97%. Absolute recovery was 97.6-98.6%. The method was applied to human and mice plasma, proved the suitability for quantification of lyso-Gb3 for screening, diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring of Fabry disease patients.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.523-527
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• 2007

Previous studies reported that exposure to noise during pregnancy adversely influenced the development of the fetus and neonate. In Oriental medicine, medications based on Angelicae gigantis radix have been known to be of efficacy in the treatment of various diseases. c-Fos, an immediate early gene whose expression is sometimes used as a marker for stimulus-induced changes in the metabolic activity of neurons. In the present study, the influence of postnatal Angelicae gigantis radix administration on c-Fos expression in the each region of hippocampus of offspring rats with prenatal noise stress during pregnancy was investigated. From the present results, exposure to the prenatal stress during pregnancy enhanced c-Fox expression, whereas exposure to postnatal Angelice gigantis radix suppressed c-Fos expression in the offsprings with prenatal noise stress during pregnancy. Based on the present study, Angelicae gigantis radix may provide new therapeutic opportunities as an agent to counteract the effects of prenatal noise stress- induced hippocampal dysfunction, and may be useful in the treatment of psychiatric problems in children of mothers who have experienced noise stress during pregnancy.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제31권12호
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• pp.1722-1731
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• 2021

The genus Streptomyces is intensively studied due to its excellent ability to produce secondary metabolites with diverse bioactivities. In particular, adequate precursors of secondary metabolites as well as sophisticated post modification systems make some high-yield industrial strains of Streptomyces the promising chassis for the heterologous production of natural products. However, lack of efficient genetic tools for the manipulation of industrial strains, especially the episomal vector independent tools suitable for large DNA fragment deletion, makes it difficult to remold the metabolic pathways and streamline the genomes in these strains. In this respect, we developed an efficient deletion system independent of the episomal vector for large DNA fragment deletion. Based on this system, four large segments of DNA, ranging in length from 10 kb to 200 kb, were knocked out successfully from three industrial Streptomyces strains without any marker left. Notably, compared to the classical deletion system used in Streptomyces, this deletion system takes about 25% less time in our cases. This work provides a very effective tool for further genetic engineering of the industrial Streptomyces.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제62권3호
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• pp.20.1-20.8
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• 2022

5-Fluorouracil, doxorubicin, and vincristine are chemotherapy agents used to treat various cancers, such as breast cancer and lymphoma for decades, and their effects on cancer have been proven. On the other hand, these anti-cancer drugs cause fatal side effects, including immunosuppression. This study investigated whether sonicated Bordetella bronchiseptica bacterin (B. bronchiseptica) can attenuate the immunosuppression of spleen cells induced by these chemotherapy agents and which subsets of spleen cells were affected. B. bronchiseptica increased the metabolic activity of spleen cells treated with 3 anti-cancer drugs. Cell death analysis using Annexin V/propidium iodide showed that B. bronchiseptica markedly decreased the death of spleen cells. The subsets of spleen cells were analyzed by flow cytometry using a surface marker-specific antibody. B. bronchiseptica increased nitric oxide production in the spleen cells treated with anti-cancer drugs (p < 0.0001). Despite the pharmacological effects of anti-cancer drugs, many patients suffer from the fatal side effects of immunosuppression. This study provides valuable information on how to overcome chemotherapy-induced immunosuppression.