• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.225-251
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• 2015

This paper presents a state-of-the-art review of the nonlinear modelling techniques available today for describing the structural behaviour of masonry infills and their interaction with frame structures subjected to in-plane loads. Following brief overviews on the behaviour of masonry-infilled frames and on the results of salient experimental tests, three modelling approaches are discussed in more detail: the micro, the meso and the macro approaches. The first model considers each of the infilled frame elements as separate: brick units, mortar, concrete and steel reinforcement; while the second approach treats the masonry infill as a continuum. The paper focuses on the third approach, which combines frame elements for the beams and columns with one or more equivalent struts for the infill panel. Due to its relative simplicity and computational speed, the macro model technique is more widely used today, though not all proposed models capture the main effects of the frame-infill interaction.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.85 no.5
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• pp.693-707
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• 2023

In order to deeply reveal the working mechanism of ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) filled steel tubular columns (UHPCFSTs) under cyclic loading, a three-dimension (3D) macro-mesoscale finite element (FE) model was established considering the randomness of steel fibers and the damage of UHPC. Model correctness and reliability were verified based on the experimental results. Next, the whole failure process of UHPC reinforced with steel fibers, passive confinement effect and internal force distribution laws were comprehensively analyzed and discussed. Finally, a simplified and practical method was proposed for predicting the ultimate bending strengths of UHPCFSTs. It was found that the non-uniform confinement effect of steel tube occurred when the drift ratio exceeded 0.5%, while the confining stress increased then decreased afterwards. There was preferable synergy between the steel tube and UHPC until failure. Compared with experimental results, the ultimate bending strengths of UHPCFSTs were undervalued by the current code provisions such as AISC360-10, EC4 and GB50936 with computed mean values (MVs) of 0.855, 0.880 and 0.836, respectively. The proposed practical method was highly accurate, as evidenced by a mean value of 1.058.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.55 no.11
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• pp.3983-3995
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• 2023

In fast reactors, restructuring of the fuel micro-structure driven by high temperature and high temperature gradient can cause the formation of columnar grains. The non-spheroidal shape and the non-uniform temperature field in such columnar grains implies that standard models for fission gas diffusion can not be applied. To tackle this issue, we present a reduced order model for the fission gas diffusion process which is applicable in different geometries and with non-uniform temperature fields, maintaining a computational requirement in line with its application in fuel performance codes. This innovative application of reduced order models as meso-scale tools within fuel performance codes represents a first-of-a-kind achievement that can be extended beyond fission gas behaviour.

• Coupled systems mechanics
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.55-78
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• 2022

The main aim of this paper is the identification of the model parameters for the constitutive model of concrete and concrete-like materials capable of representing full set of 3D failure mechanisms under various stress states. Identification procedure is performed taking into account multi-scale character of concrete as a structural material. In that sense, macro-scale model is used as a model on which the identification procedure is based, while multi-scale model which assume strong coupling between coarse and fine scale is used for numerical simulation of experimental results. Since concrete possess a few clearly distinguished phases in process of deformation until failure, macro-scale model contains practically all important ingredients to include both bulk dissipation and surface dissipation. On the other side, multi-scale model consisted of an assembly micro-scale elements perfectly fitted into macro-scale elements domain describes localized failure through the implementation of embedded strong discontinuity. This corresponds to surface dissipation in macro-scale model which is described by practically the same approach. Identification procedure is divided into three completely separate stages to utilize the fact that all material parameters of macro-scale model have clear physical interpretation. In this way, computational cost is significantly reduced as solving three simpler identification steps in a batch form is much more efficient than the dealing with the full-scale problem. Since complexity of identification procedure primarily depends on the choice of either experimental or numerical setup, several numerical examples capable of representing both homogeneous and heterogeneous stress state are performed to illustrate performance of the proposed methodology.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.413-417
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• 2004

Recent experiments have shown the 'size effects' in micro/nano scale. But the classical plasticity theories can not predict these size dependent deformation behaviors because their constitutive models have no characteristic material length scale. The Mechanism - based Strain Gradient(MSG) plasticity is proposed to analyze the non-uniform deformation behavior in micro/nano scale. The MSG plasticity is a multi-scale analysis connecting macro-scale deformation of the Statistically Stored Dislocation(SSD) and Geometrically Necessary Dislocation(GND) to the meso-scale deformation using the strain gradient. In this research we present a study of nano-indentation by the MSG plasticity. Using W. D. Nix and H. Gao s model, the analytic solution(including depth dependence of hardness) is obtained for the nano indentation , and furthermore it validated by the experiments.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.20 no.5 s.72
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• pp.23-29
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• 2006

A quasi depth-varying mathematical model for wind-generated circulation in coastal areas, expressed in terms of the depth-averaged horizontal velocity components and free surface elevation was validated and used to understand the diurnal circulation process. The wind velocity is considered as a dominant factor for driving the current. In this paper, three-dimensional numerical experiments that included the land topography were used to investigate the mesoscale air flaw over the coastal regions. The surface temperature of the inland area was determined through a surface heat budget consideration with the inclusion of a layer of vegetation.A series of numerical experiments were then carried out to investigate the diurnal response of the air flaw and wind-generated circulation to various types of surface inhomogeneities.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.121-132
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• 1993

A three-dimensional barotropic model is used to compute meteorologically-induced circulations in the East Sea for monthly, seasonal and annual basis. The computed barotropic responses have shown that in the upper part of the 40$^{\circ}$ North latitude. counterclockwise meso-scale eddies have been formed off Dong Han Man, middle part of the East Sea and sea area between the Siberian coast and Hokkaido throughout the year except summer season. These results are in good agreements with some of earlier schematic circulation diagram.

• Proceedings of the Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute Conference
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• 2006.09a
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• pp.264-265
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• 2006

The directions of further developments in the modeling of sintering are pointed out, including multi-scale modeling of sintering, on-line sintering damage criteria, particle agglomeration, sintering with phase transformations. A true multi-scale approach is applied for the development of a new meso-macro methodology for modeling of sintering. The developed macroscopic level computational framework envelopes the mesoscopic simulators. No closed forms of constitutive relationships are assumed for the parameters of the material. The model framework is able to predict the final dimensions of the sintered specimen on a global scale and identify the granular structure in any localized area for prediction of the material properties.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.515-520
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• 1996

Simple conditions were discovered to afford tripyrranes by reaction of 2,5-bis(α-hydroxymethyl)furan or 2,5-bis(α-hydroxy-α-phenylmethyl)thiophene with excess pyrrole in the presence of acid catalyst. Stepwise synthesis of porphyrins with core-ligand modification and synthesis of meso-tetraarylporphyrins bearing two different substituents in cis orientation have developed as building blocks for the various porphyrin-based model systems. Consequently, 21-thia-23-oxa-10,15-diphenylporphyrin (28), 21-oxa-10,15-diphenylporphyrin (29) and 21-oxa-23-carba-12-aza-10,15-diphenylporphyrin (30) were synthesized by acid-catalyzed [3+1] condensation between tripyrranes and 2,5-bis(α-hydroxymethyl)pyrrole or 2,5-bis(α-hydroxy-α-phenylmethyl)thiophene. The synthetic pathway described here gave regioisomerically pure porphyrins and thus overcame the synthetic problems associated with separation and purification of regioisomeric mixture.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2019.11a
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• pp.153-154
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• 2019

본 연구에서는 일본 기상청(JMA)에서 제공하는 JMA-MSM (Meso-Scale Model) 바람장을 SWAN 모델에 입력자료로 적용하여 파랑전파를 모의하였다. 영역은 심해역·중간역·연안역으로 설정하였다. 산출된 모델링의 결과는 관측자료와 비교·검증하여 모델 구축에 대한 신뢰성을 확보하였다. 그리고 연안역에서 SWAN모델의 파랑스펙트럼정보를 입력조건으로 하는 SWASH모델의 영역을 구축하여 두 모델간 파랑전파양상을 비교하였다. SWAN(phase-averaged) 모델과 SWASH(phase-resolving) 모델은 지배방정식의 차이에 따라 파랑의 위상처리 방식 등의 차이가 있다. 이로 인한 연안역에서의 파랑전파양상의 차이를 비교하였다.