• Computers and Concrete
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.231-257
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• 2015

This paper discusses the spatial variability of the carbonation depth caused by the mesoscopic structure of the concrete and the influence of the spatial variability on the thickness of the concrete cover. To conduct the research, a method to generate the random aggregate structure (RAS) based on polygonal particles and a simplified numerical model of the concrete carbonation at meso-scale are firstly developed. Based on the method and model, the effect of the aggregate properties including shape, content and gradation on the spatial variability of the carbonation depth is comprehensively studied. The results show that a larger degree of the spatial variability will be obtained by using (1) the aggregates with a larger aspect ratio; (2) a larger aggregate content; (3) the gradation which has more large particles. The proper sample size and model size used in the analysis are also studied. Finally, a case study is conducted to demonstrate the influence of the spatial variability of the carbonation depth on the proper thickness of the concrete cover. The research in this paper not only provides suggestions on how to decrease the spatial variability, but also proposes the method to consider the effect of the spatial variability in designing the thickness of the concrete cover.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.273-283
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• 1999

Two physical experiments are performed to verify the effectiveness of beam-particle model for simulating the progressive failure of particulate composites such as sandstone and concrete. In the numerical model, the material is schematized at the meso-level as an assembly of discrete, interacting particles which are linked through a network of brittle breaking beams. The uniaxial compressive tests of cubic and parallelepipedal specimens made of carbon steel rod assembly which are glued together by a mixture are represented. The crack patterns and load-displacement response observed in the experiments are in good agreement with the numerical results. In the application respect of beam-particle model to the particulate composites, the influence of defects, particle arrangement and boundary conditions on crack propagation is approached, and the correlation existing between the cracking evolution and the level of loads imposed on the specimen is characterized by fractal dimensions.

• 한국공작기계학회논문집
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.23-29
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• 2007

Fracture behavior of brittle solids such as rocks, ceramics and concrete is closely related to microcracking. A meso-scale analysis method using the natural element method is proposed for the analysis of material damage of brittle microcracking solids. The microcracking is assumed to occur along Voronoi edges in the Voronoi diagram generated using the nodal points as the generators. The mechanical effect of microcracks is considered by controlling the material constants in the neighborhood of the microcracks. The proposed meso analysis method is applied to the simulation of the microcracking behaviors of brittle solids subjected to uniaxial and biaxial macrostress. The obtained results are in good agreement with the results by computational damage mechanics model. The validity of the proposed method has been demonstrated by these numerical examples.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제32권8호
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• pp.2560-2564
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• 2011

Mesoporous silicon dioxide (meso-$SiO_2$) was prepared using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide as the structure-directing reagent and tetraethyl orthosicate as the silicon source. The influence of pH value on the adsorption behavior of bisphenol A (BPA) was investigated. The adsorption capacity of BPA onto meso-$SiO_2$ increases slightly with pH value from 2 to 6, and then gradually decreases as further improving pH value. The effect of temperature was also studied, and the adsorption capacity of BPA gradually declines with increasing temperature. The adsorption kinetics and thermodynamics of BPA were examined. It is found that the adsorption of BPA onto meso-$SiO_2$ is in good agreement with Langmuir adsorption model. The rate constant of adsorption is $5.17{\times}10^{-3}g\;mg^{-1}\;min^{-1}$, and the maximum adsorption capacity is as high as 353.4 $mg\;g^{-1}$ at 20 $^{\circ}C$.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제11권11호
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• pp.947-952
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• 2001

The meso-scale microstructure of the $Ni-Ni_3Al- Ni_3V$ system is crucial to obtain both high strength and high toughness. Its evolution may be predicted with the aid of computer simulation of the compositional separation for heat-treated alloys. In this study, computer simulations of the hypothetical A-B-C ternary system, which is similar to the $Ni-Ni_3Al- Ni_3V$ system in terms of phase equilibria, have been performed using the kinetic modeling. Simulated morphologies were changed with nominal compositions and model parameters. It was showed the current model was useful and the more realistic model was proposed.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.119-129
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• 1997

울산지역의 해륙풍장을 해석하기 위해 3차원 중규모 지역기상 수치모형을 개발하여 흐름장의 변동을 수치해석하였다. 식생의 영향을 고려한 지표면 열수지모형을 이용하여 지표면의 온도 및 습도를 결정하도록 하였다. 그리고 접지층에서의 연직방향 확산계수는 Businger의 모형을, Eckman층에서는 Yamada의 난류 closure모형을 사용하여 계산하였다. 그 결과 울산지역의 해륙풍장의 거동특성을 해석하는데 있어서 본 모형은 효과적임을 알 수 있었다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.181-194
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• 2006

The masonry is a complex heterogeneous material and its shear deformation and fracture is associated with very complicated progressive failures in masonry structure, and is investigated in this paper using a mesoscopic mechanical modelling, Considering the heterogeneity of masonry material, based on the damage mechanics and elastic-brittle theory, the newly developed Material Failure Process Analysis (MFPA) system was brought out to simulate the cracking process of masonry, which was considered as a three-phase composite of the block phase, the mortar phase and the block-mortar interfaces. The crack propagation processes simulated with this model shows good agreement with those of experimental observations by other researchers. This finding indicates that the shear fracture of masonry observed at the macroscopic level is predominantly caused by tensile damage at the mesoscopic level. Some brittle materials are so weak in tension relative to shear that tensile rather than shear fractures are generated in pure shear loading.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.51-61
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• 2019

Compressive ability is one of the most important mechanical properties of concrete material. The compressive failure process of concrete is pretty complex with internal tension, shear damage and friction between cracks. To simulate the complex fracture process of concrete at meso level, methodology for meso-structural analysis of concrete specimens is developed; the zero thickness cohesive elements are pre-inserted to simulate the crack initiation and propagation; the constitutive applied in cohesive element is established to describe the mechanism of crack separation, closure and friction behavior between the fracture surfaces. A series of simulations were carried out based on the model proposed in this paper. The results reproduced the main fracture and mechanical feature of concrete under compression condition. The effect of key material parameters, structure size, and aggregate content on the concrete fracture pattern and loading carrying capacities was investigated. It is found that the inner friction coefficient has a significant influence on the compression character of concrete, the compression strength raises linearly with the increase of the inner friction coefficient, and the fracture pattern is sensitive to the mesostructure of concrete.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.104-110
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• 2019

콘크리트는 시멘트와 골재를 포함한 복합재료로써 건조 수축이라는 특성을 가지고 있으며, 이에 대하여 많은 연구가 콘크리트를 균질재료로 가정하여 수행되어 왔다. 그러나, 수축은 콘크리트를 구성하는 특정 구성 성분에만 작용하는 현상이기 때문에 기존의 평균화된 유효물성(effective properties)의 개념으로 규명하기에는 어려움이 있다. 따라서, 본 논문에서는 콘크리트의 특징적인 거동 중의 하나이며 지금까지 많은 연구들이 수행되어 왔지만, 아직 불확실성이 많은 콘크리트의 수축 현상을 비균질성을 고려한 전산해석(heterogeneous simulation)을 통해 분석하는 방법을 제안하였다. 골재와 모르타르를 별도로 모델링하는 메소모델을 이용하여 모르타르에만 수축 변형을 가하는 방법으로 콘크리트의 수축 해석을 수행하였다. 해석 결과에 따르면 콘크리트의 수축에 의한 균열 발생은 골재의 강성과 부재의 구속도에 의해 크게 영향을 받는 것을 알 수 있었다. 또한, 수축에 의한 콘크리트의 균열발생은 단순한 하나의 값으로 나타내지 못하는 현상이며, 골재의 강성과 부재의 구속도는 그에 큰 영향을 주는 요소들이었다.

• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산구조공학회 2007년도 정기 학술대회 논문집
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• pp.411-414
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• 2007

The confinement-shear lattice(CSL) model for hardened concretes developed by Cusatis is extended for early age concretes. The uniaxial behaviors available in the literature for 3 to 28 days were simulated by the CSL model to identify the change of the model parameters for various ages. The change with respect to the age was interpolated based on the chemomechanics to develop the extended version of CSL model.