• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.118-125
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• 1992

Theoretical equations for hoop stress, longitudinal or meridian stress and Von Mises stress of an axismmetric conical pressure vessel and a frustum of conical pressure velle, both of which are pressuized by hydrostatic loading, are derived from equilibrium equations. The membrane stresses conputed by theoretical equations for a conical pressure vessel and a frustum of conical pressure vessel are compared with the values obtained from finite elelment method. Based on the fact that the computational values by theoretical equations are well agreed with the finite element results, derived equations are proved to be valid and it is possible for those equations to be conveniently used for structural analysis or design of frustum of conical pressure vessel which is a part of silo body.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.107-131
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• 2009

After having comparison, the Bunchon-ga in nine books -"Chimguchwiyeong(鍼灸聚英)", "Nengmunjeonsudong-injihyeol(凌門傳授銅人指穴)", "Chimgumundae(針灸問對)", "Gyeongrakgo(經絡考)", "Gyeongrakhoepyeon(經絡匯編)", "Geumchimbijeon(金針秘傳)", "Jagusimbeop-yogyeol(刺灸心法要訣)", "Chimgubongwon(鍼灸逢源)" "Chimgusinseo(鍼灸神書)", and invested the difference based on "Chimguhak(鍼灸學)", "WHO standard acupuncture point location" I got some conclusion like below. Two kinds of Bunchon-ga are similar in "Chimguchwiyeong", "Nengmunjeonsudong-injihyeol", and also in "Gyeongrakgo(經絡考)", "Gyeongrakhoepyeon(經絡匯編)", and "Geumchimbijeon(金針秘傳)" Bunchon-ga of twelve meridian is different from their order - Stomach meridian(胃經), Bladder meridian(膀胱經), Kidney meridian(腎經), Triple Energizer meridian(三焦經), and Gallbladder meridian(膽經). In nine kinds of Bunchon-ga, missing acupuncture points(漏落穴) are generally located on the first line of Bladder meridian(膀胱經) - from Daejeo(大杼) to Baekhwansu(白環兪), and Pungsi(風市), Haegye(解谿), Yangsi(羊矢), Geummaek(急脈) are not appeared in them, Hyeopdang(脇堂), Michung(眉衝), Yanghyeol(陽穴) are recorded. There are some parts adapted different way of proportional bone chon - from Yanggok(陽谿) to Gokji(曲池) in Large Intestine meridian[大腸經], from Sanggu(商丘) to Umreungcheon(陰陵泉) in Spleen meridian[脾經], and from Oegwan(外關) to Sadok(四瀆) in Triple Energizer meridian[三焦經]. The acupuncture points explained by structure, there are many different finger chons between some books. Bunchon on breast and abdomen, is generally explained by vertical, horizontal finger chon based on Governor vessel[任脈], vertical explanations of each book have little difference opinions, but horizontal have many. Especially, the locations of Eunmum(殷門), Bukeuk(浮郄) and Wiyang(委陽) are extremely different from "Chimguhak(鍼灸學)", and "WHO standard acupuncture point locations".

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.1-4
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• 2014

Objectives : The capillary destruction has frequently been used to treat telangiectasia in Korean Medicine. The objective of this study was to review of related literature concerning the capillary destruction as treatment for telangiectasia, and to discuss the clinical application of medical devices in accordance with the principles of Korean Medicine. Methods and Results : An extensive traditional literature including Huangdi Neijing were reviewed for identification of relevant evidence for treating telangiectasia. The telangiectasia is simply defined as a dilated, superficial blood vessel. It is called as the tertiary collateral vessel, superficial collateral vessel or Hyulrak(small superficial collateral vessel). The telangiectasia could be due to disturbances in the circulation of qi and blood. According to Huangdi Neijing, one of the oldest traditional literature published in 4th century B.C. through the first century A.D., it is needed to get rid of the vessel by the capillary destruction for treating telangiectasia using lance needle, shear needle, stiletto needle or moxibustion. Several studies have examined that intense pulsed light or laser as new therapeutic tools could have an sufficiently impact on aspects of improving the effectiveness of the capillary destruction. Conclusions : The capillary destruction for the treatment of telangiectasia has been used since two thousand years ago. We suggested that medical devices, such as intense pulsed light or laser, should be used to treat telangiectasia as a safe and convenient intervention in clinical practice of Korean Medicine.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.207-214
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• 2006

Objectives : This study is designed in order to evaluate the therapeutic effect of Scalp Acupuncture and Do-ma Acupuncture related with Governer Vessel(Dok) and Bladder Meridian(Chok-taeyang) on acute low back pain Methods : We investigated 30 patients suffering from acute low back pain were admitted to Dunsan O.M.hospital from March. 1st 2005 to December. 30th 2005. We divided into two groups: one group was treated with Scalp acupunture, another group was treated with common acupuncture. 30 patients, were diagnosed only straightened curvature on lateral view of lumbar spine X -ray. Scalp acupunture related with Governer Vessel(Dok) and Bladder Meridian(Chok-taeyang) and Do-ma acupuncture. To estimate the efficacy of treatment that applied for two groups, we compared the visual analog scale(VAS), Oswestry disabiliby index(ODI) and Straight Leg Raising Test(SLRT) score of two groups statistically. Results : Both Scalp acupuncture related with Governer Vessel(Dok) and Bladder Meridian (Chok-taeyang) and Do-ma acupuncture therapy showed good effect on acute low back pain. It was proved by the difference between VAS, ODI and SLRT score checked before treatment and what checked after treatment on each groups. Conclusion: The therapeutic effect of Scalp Acupuncture and Do-ma Acupuncture on acute low back pain can be recommended as a useful therapy to treat acute low back pain.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.790-795
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• 2010

Sasang Constitution Medicine(SCM)'s researches have been developed in many ways, especially Herbal medicine prescriptions and diagnosis. But there are no acceptable acupuncture theory for the Sasang Constitution. So We have tried to find the way for identifying each Sasang Constitution's acupuncture point on more reasonable methods. We studied that SCM acupuncture based on collecting Books of "Shanghanlun(傷寒論)", or Six-meridian pattern identification's acupuncture prescription. Selected books are "The Acupuncture and Moxibustion(침구학)", "Zhonghua Zhenjiuxue(中華鍼灸學)", "Zhenjiuxinchuan(鍼灸心傳)", "Shanghanlun Zhenjiupeixuexuanzhu(傷寒論鍼灸配穴選注)". So-eumin uses Conception Vessel's acupuncture points most frequently. And So-yangin and Tae-eumin use Bladder meridian and Stomach meridian's acupuncture points most. Moxibustion is used many times for So-eumin, especially at three Yin-Symptoms(三陰病). Orders for using frequencies of three Sasang constitutions' acupuncture points are: So-eumin uses ST36 CV12 CV4 most, So-yangin uses PC6 ST36 LI4 most, Tae-eumin uses ST36 LU7 CV12 most. Acupuncture for Sasang constitutions has been developed for many ways, but there are no generally acceptable theory. So we need to hold a committee for SCM and acupuncture specialist to establish acceptable and reasonable SCM acupuncture theory.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2012

Objective : Zhang, Zhongjing(張仲景)'s Sanghanlun(傷寒論) is based on Six-channels system(六經) to classified a disease. But the notion of Six-channels system seems to be a very various angles. For example, Meridian and collateral theory(經絡說), Viscera and Bowels theory(臟腑說), Grade theory(段階說), Surface theory(地面說), Symptoms theory(症候群說), Six-disease theory(六病說), Eight principle pattern theory(八綱說) and all the rest of it. Above all things Meridian and collateral theory was very frequently quoted to explain the Six-channels system(六經). But it's true notion is not restrict to a meridian vessel(經脈). Method : I will try to describe the Sanghanlun's Greater yang disease(太陽病) through the Ke-qin(柯琴)'s Taiyangbingjie(太陽病解), and I would like to point out that the existing perception that Greater yang(太陽) is connected with Bladder meridian(足太陽膀胱經) is wrong. Result : Ke-qin's Taiyangbingjie explained the greater yang disease was connected with Heart(yang within yang), which was located in the top half and the outer layer of the body. In addition to the presence of the diaphragm or lungs are involved with. Conclusion : Practical meaning of greater yang disease is not connect with Bladder meridian, but it is related to the Heart and Lung for maintain the Nutrient and defense circulation (營衛循環).

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.8-18
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• 2011

To have effective treatment for shoulder arm pain, we searched the cause, symptom, etiology, classification of the pain areas, acupuncture points, and muscles along the meridians, and acquired the following results. Shoulder-pain is mainly divided into the malfunction of viscera and entrails, damage due to the weakness of essence and qi, abnormal status of muscle function, change of joints, disease in the nerve and vessel, and the internal injury due to seven modes of emotions. Pain of shoulder joints are pain in the local area of shoulder joints, referred pain of shoulder, neck, and shoulder-arm, numbnes and swelling of muscle, and muslce weakness. Shoulder-arm pain is classified as four types of pain: shoulder-joint pain, shoulder-back pain, shoulder-chest pain, and shoulder-arm-elbow pain. And shoulder-arm-elbow pain is again divided into the shoulder-blade pain, shoulder-arm pain, shoulder-elbow pain. The related meridians on shoulder pain are the three yin meridians of hand, Kidney Meridian, Conception Meridian, three yang meridians of hand, Bladder Meridian, Governor Meridian Acupuncture points for shoulder pain are in the acupuncture points of the 10 meridians and a-shi points. Thre related meridian muscles on shoulder-pain are the three yin and yang meridians of hand, and their related muscles are the ones that are connected with the front, back, and chest side muscles of shoulder joints, and the ones that are connected with the front and back side muscles of arm.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.81-87
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• 2013

Objectives : Accumulation point is a useful acupoint for acute pain diseases. Among the eight extra meridians, only four (Yin Heel, Yang Heel, Yin Link, Yang Link vessel) have accumulation point and the others (Governor, Conception, Thoroughfare, Belt Vessel) do not. However, there is no explanation why these four meridians do not have it. So, the authors researched the literature to look for the reasons. Methods : We investigated 10 books and 1 paper about the 'accumulation point of extra meridians' using several search engines and researched reason why the other 4 meridian do not have it. Results : All of the 16 accumulation points are located on the 4 limbs. The four limbs have more Yang energy than the trunk. The governor, conception, thoroughfare, and belt vessels do not flow in the limbs. It seems that there is no acupoint located on deep gap enough to be the accumulation point among the four vessels. When it comes to the functions of these vessels, they are little related with the acute pain that is the main target of the accumulation point. Conclusions : From the results of this study, it seems to be reasonable that the four vessels do not have accumulation point.

• 동서간호학연구지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.33-41
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• 2005

This study was conducted to identify the effect of meridian acupressure on defecation of patients with post spinal operation. The nonequivalent control group posttest only design was used. The data were obtained from 77 post spinal operative patients, 34 in the experimental 43 in control group in Y Hospital, Seoul, Korea. The neurosurgical unit A and B ward, assigned by matched sample by the name of operation such as laminectomy and posterior lumbar interbody fusion are performed. Meridian acupressure meant the method that an examiner presses response points distributed in the pass of energy vessel. In this study, meridian acupressure program was performed on as points in order of Hegue (LI-4), Zhigou (TE-6), Zusanli (S-36), Shangjuxu (S-37), Xiajuxu (S-39), Tianshu (S-25), Taichong (L-3) which was known to be related to large intestine. Data were collected from 1, July 2003 to 1, September 2003. Meridian acupressure program was carried out for 20 minutes 4 hours after operation twice daily. In order to evaluate the effect of meridian acupressure intervention, they were asked time of bowel recovery, gas passing, and defecation though questionnaire method. Data were analyzed by the SPSS/ WIN 11.0 program. The results of this study were summarized as follows; 1. Homogeneity tests of general characteristics and operation related characteristics of the experimental group and the control group were performed. General characteristics included age, sex, defecation habit, eating pattern, fluid intake, life style, activity, usage of laxative and etc. 2. Hypotheses were verification as follows; 1) Recovery of bowel sound of the experimental group who received meridian acupressure intervention was faster than that of the control group after spinal operation (t=-6.770,P=.000). 2) Time of gas passing of the experimental group who received meridian acupressure program was faster than that of the control group after spinal operation (t=-8.003, P=.000). 3) Time to defecation of the experimental group who received meridian acupressure program was faster than that of the control group after spinal operation (t=-9.026, P=.000). 4) Abdominal discomfort due to defecation of the experimental group who received meridian acupressure program was lesser than that of the control group after spinal operation (t=-3.431, P=.001). From these results, meridian acupressure intervention was effective for recovery of bowel sound, reduce time to gas passing, time to defecation and lessen abdominal discomfort due to defecation on post spinal operative patients. And therefore this intervention can probably considered on clinical practice.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.41-48
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• 2009

Objectives : The conventional direct and indirect moxibustion therapies for prostate treatment could not been applied to the acupuncture point of $CV_1$(Conception Vessel Meridian 1, 會陰) because of its boring body region. The position of $CV_1$(會陰) is the back side of hard part between the anus and the genital organ. The conventional moxibustion methods have many troubles in operating to the acupuncture point of $CV_1$(會陰). In order to get rid of these problems, we have suggested the special heat generating terminal especially for prostate. The features of the special heat generating terminal for prostate are the low temperature infrared heater and the adhesive moxa-pad. These features are no burnt, no fiery and especially suitable for the point of $CV_1$(會陰). Methods: The heat generating terminal which is a part of the moxa-extract moxibustion cauterizer is composed of a PTC(Positive Temperature Coefficients) ceramic heater and the adhesive moxa-pad We had got the experimental demonstrations by the stimulating the acupuncture points which are $CV_1$(會陰), $BL_{28}$(Bladder Meridian 28, 膀胱兪), and $CV_3$(Conception Vessel Meridian 3, 中極) with the special heat generating terminal for the prostatitis and the benign prosthetic hypertrophy. And the stimulation level was 43$^{\circ}C$ infrared heat for one hour. The type of thermography is IRIS-5000. Results : With one subject suffering the prostatitis and another subject suffering the benign prosthetic hypertrophy, we cauterized the acupuncture points $CV_1$(會陰), $BL_{28}$(膀胱兪) and $CV_3$(中極) with the special heat generating terminal for prostate. We measured the temperature variations by the thermography before and after stimulations. Finally we estimated the tendency of temperature decreasing in the region of post-stroke urinary symptoms and the improvement of nocturnal enuresis after the stimulations. Conclusions : We suggest that the special heat generating terminal of moxa-extract moxibustion cauterizer proposed herein is effective for the treatment of prostate by NIH-CPSI and IPSS.