• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.231-239
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• 2006

Functional medicine is a system which utilizes certain investigative and treatment methods that are primarily oriented toward the recognition of functional disorder. Functional disorders take place on an energetic plane. This plane is not capturable using our regular investigatory techniques, such as X -ray. ultrasound, computer tomography and laboratory analyses. The 7-zone-diagnostic system(VEGA-DFM 722 and ABR-2000, etc) is a diagnostic device Which applies pulse signals to predetermined bodily locations. Applying alternating positive and negative stress to tissues with positive and negative pulses first manifests itself as negative and positive wave forms. The skin has many functions as an organ. It is the organism's interlace with the outsider world. Hence, the manner in which the skin reacts to external stimuli reflects the current state of the organism(as meridian systems). This system make a diagnosis of functional disorder or some typical organic diseases include stress of the mind or the body, and the energetic situation, reserves. We are known a disorder or disease throw the result chart. This result chart contain disorder flow wave forms and some valuable diagnostic hints (letters ; S, OM, RA, etc). In spite of this 7-zone-diagnostic system that is applied plentifully in the clinical application, there is not a statistics which is suitable. Therefor we must carry out many various research in the future.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.195-206
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• 2015

Objectives : Before Liver, Heart, Spleen, Lung, Kidney was widely accepted as Five Viscera, there had been several former types of Viscera system in pre-Western Han era. Above them, the Five Viscera system consisted of Liver, Heart, Stomach, Lung, Kidney was not yet hardly studied. So we tried to prove it's existence and tried to find it's historical context. Material and Methods : Via preceding research analysis, 6 books were selected as research material, and some other pre-Eastern Han dynasty classics were also analyzed. Results : We found direct evidence of above Five Viscera system in Zhuixingxun (墜形訓) in Huainanzi (淮南子), Wusemaizhen (五色脈診), and Western Han dynasty lacquer figure with meridian-points (excavated in Laoguanshan, Chengdu, China). Other clues showing existence of above Five Viscera system was also found in Yinyangshiyimaijiujing (陰陽十一脈灸經), Pianquecanggongliechuan (扁鵲倉公列傳). The rising of above Five Viscera system was related to physiological viewpoint transition of viscera in Western Han dynasty. Conclusions : In Western Han dynasty there was another Viscera System consisted of Liver, Heart, Stomach, Lung, Kidney.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.107-114
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• 2002

Objective : This study was designed to find the most effective and safest way to overcome Lumbago due to blood stasis and sprain involved in a few Meridian Tendino-musculatures by evaluating the effect of two kinds of Dong-gi(Dong-qi) Acupuncture(DGA) and by reporting their side effects. Material : 97 patients of out and admission patients were selected, who were diagnosed with lumbar sprain caused by repetitive bending, heavy weight lifting, unsuitable posture, concussion and falling down and whose Lumbago due to blood stasis and sprain in the concept of oriental medicine. Methods : 97 patients were divided into three groups. One is exclusive DGA group to which DGA and the method retaining needles on the acupoints for about 20 minutes were applied, the other is DGA combined active exercise group in which patients stretched their Meridian Tendino-muscuIatures with their hips moving up and downward repeatedly during DGA, the third is DGA combined passive exercise group in which patients were made to flex or extend their bodies on the auto flexion-distraction table in a prone position, from 10 to 20 degree, during DGA. In each group, bed rest, physical therapy and herbal medicine were used according to symptoms, in addition to DGA. In DGA method, "Su(Shu)" points of the meridian related to the involved Meridian Tendino-musculature were mainly chosen, that is, Sokkol(Shugu, B65), Hugye(Houxi, SI3), ChungJo(Zhongzhu, TE3) were used, for most LBP belonged to Bladder and Gallbladder Meridian Tendino-musculature disorders. Pyong-Bo-Pyong-Sa(Ping-Bu-Ping-Xie) such as Dong-Gi and Yeom-Jeon(Nian-Zhuan) was applied as Bo-Sa method. For evaluation of effectiveness, new score system was devised by severity of pain and range of movement. the score was given twice at patients' first and last visit and the difference between first and last score was regarded as a evaluation scale, the effectiveness was classified into four grade by evaluation scale.(scale : 12-15; excellent, 8-11; good, 4-7; fair, 0-3; bad) Results : 1. Exclusive DGA, DGA combined active exercise and DGA combined passive exercise group showed 97, 87 and 89% in effectiveness. 2. Exclusive DGA, DGA combined active exercise and DGA combined passive exercise group showed no aggravation of pain, range of movement. 3. In blood test of 34 patients, only one patient showed abnormal rise of sGOT, sGPT and $\gamma$-GTP at his first visit and the others didn't show any detrimental change. DGA had no bad influence upon BUN and creatinine of patients. Conclusion : For complex theraphy combining DGA, exercise, physical therapy and Herbal medicine proved to be highly effective on treating lumbago due to blood stasis and sprain, this is expected to be available for clinical use.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.95-101
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• 2016

Objectives : This study aims to overview the therapeutic mechanism of back-shu points in terms of sympathetic visceral motor nervous system. Methods : Studies about autonomic nervous system, and studies and ancient texts about back-shu points were reviewed. We interpreted possible mechanism of back-shu points considering similarities of anatomical and physiological characteristics of back-shu points and visceral motor nervous system. Results : Afferent signals for organ lesions that can develop the symptoms of autonomic neurological symptoms, pain, hyperalgesia through the skin segment. Through a physical examination of the myotome and dermatome, it is possible to diagnose segmental disorders. Treatment stimulation of the thick fibers of the disorder segment skin can reduce abnormal autonomic influence over the sympathetic reflex mechanism. In addition, if spinal muscles are relaxed, the pressure on the nerve roots could be reduced and consequently the hyperactivity of the sympathetic visceral motor signal would be suppressed. Conclusions : The back-shu points treatments work through the mechanism of the sympathetic nervous reflex. Moreover, segmental acupuncture can reduce tension of the spinal muscles, thereby improving pathological conditions of the sympathetic nervous system.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.133-141
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• 2011

Objectives : Although the thermo-sensitivity test in Well points in 12 Meridians(井穴知熱感度測定法) has been used for several decades, it is still performed by a manual way, and lack in objectivity consequently. To make it more objective, accurate and convenient test, we have developed a novel system to test thermo-sensitivity in Well points. Methods : To enhance the blindness of the test, we made a shielded system which give heat to some fingers of subjects in random way. To perform the test in quantitative manner, we developed a fully automated, computer-controlled system composed of heating bulbs and response button array. Results : The developed system showed linearity in heating the finger phantom. It also gave acceptable but interesting features in pilot tests with several young adult subjects. Conclusions : By the developed system, we could improve objectivity and convenience of the thermo-sensitivity test in Well points.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.27-43
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• 2015

Objectives : Zhang Zhong-jing's Shanghanlun is based on Six-channels system to classified a disease. This paper is planning to describe the Transmutation among Six-channels system. Six-channels change not fixed in either direction and each is relative to each other. Methods : I will try to describe the Transmutation among Six channels system, through the letter of the Shanghanlun. First, I will find letters related to a disease transmission. Second, It will be described through the analysis of the past medical scientists. Results : Six-Meridian Pattern is the categorization of syndromes according to the theory of the six meridians, applied to the diagnosis of acute febrile diseases at different stages, but also useful for the pattern syndrome differentiation of other diseases. Transmutation among Six channels system is not fixed in a certain order and it each affects one another. Conclusions : We can see that Zhong-jing's medical treatment from syndrome differentiation is associated with a Mutual transmission(相互傳變).

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.75-87
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• 1999

We reported that acupuncture on $LI_4$ effected thermal change on $LI_4$ and ST25 area, And this study was performed on 100 healthy students to observe the effects of acupuncture at Hap-kok ($LI_4$) according to the meridian and qi-xue(氣血) phenomenon of oriental medicine's theory, The results was 1. In healthy man, mean skin temperatures of $LI_4$, ST25, CV12 areas(Control) were decreased, 2. In left $LI_4$ acupuncture group, the temperature of abdominal skin and $LI_4$ area had the tendency of increase, both right and left $LI_4$ acupuncture group, the temperature of abdominal skin and $LI_4$ area had not significant tendency. 3. In the research of thermal difference which eliminate a special region temperature, in the control group, the thermal changes had not significant tendency, in the left $LI_4$ acupuncture group and both right and left $LI_4$ acupuncture group, the thermal changes had tendency to be increased, 4. In the deviation analysis which mean of each group is excluded, in the control group, it turned out that deviation is regular for 10 minutes; in the left $LI_4$ acupuncture group and both right and left $LI_4$ acupuncture group, it turned out that deviation is more larger than the control group for 10 minutes. The above results indicates that Digital Thermography is a useful method to observe effects and changes by acupuncture stimulation on objective evaluation of phenomenon for the meridian system. Thus, acupuncture on $LI_4$ affects to thermal changes of the abdominal skin and $LI_4$ area, but exact examination of thermal changes on abdominal skin will have to be done.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.13 no.2 s.17
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• pp.21-21
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• 2000

All living things including human being consist of soul(spirit) and body. Soul is the root of a life and body frames it. I wrote this paper to tell how internal injury due to endogenous etiological factors and affection due to exegenous pathogenic factors, affect the internal organs and the external bodily from. This paper begins with description of the patterns of disharmony of the internal organs. General disorders of each Five-Jang(五藏) an be classified into two types of soul and body. The Liver and the Heart which lead changing to Yang(陽) of vital energy, have close relationship with spiritual symptoms because spirit is related to Yang. The Lung, Kidneys, the Spleen which lead changing to m(陰) of vital energy, mainly connected with physical disorders because body is relatively close to m. The Five-Jang are ruled by the Five-Phases(五行) system and cause troubles with Oche(五體) and the nine body orifice. Otherwise the main function of the Six-Bu(六府) is to receive food, absorb the usuable portions, and transmit and excrete waste. Therefore they can cause such problems as abdominal pain, distention, difficulty in urination, and constipation. The spleen is responsible for sending Grain-Ki)穀氣) 내 that is closely connected with the six-Bu. The Gall bladder takes care of control of giving out spirit. That's why it presents many symptoms related to the spirit that is ruled by the Five-Jang. Patterns of disharmony of external bodily form is influenced by the state of Maridians. Bodily forms get divided into many parts by the function of six-meridians(六經) to which they belong. Six-meridians have their own function related to excretion, related to excretion, retention, and balance(開闔樞). If local bodily froms get affected by pernicious influences, the Meridians to which they are attached will lose harmony and connot fulfil their own functions. Because the meridian symtem unifies all parts of the body, the whole body will be under the influence of the affection although local parts of the bodily forms get affected. Therefore the symptoms of disharmony should be considered in a synthetic view. There are however, also cases which should be focused on the very meridian channels affected. Disorder within a Meridian generates derangement in the pathway make it not to benefit the muscles and skin belong to it. Because the meridians connect the interior organs with the exterior bodily form, they are influenced by each other.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.137-156
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• 2005

Objectives : Cnidium officinale(CO) has been used for medication for stroke in the Oriental Medicine. So this study was planned to investigate the effects of CO on the focal ischemia-induced by Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion(MCAO) in rats Materials and methods : The focal ischemia was induced by MCAO. CO extracts through oral administration and herbal acupuncture at GB2l was carried out during 3 weeks after focal ischemia-induced. Eight-arm radial maze was used for the behavioral task. For the neuroprotective effect of CO, we investigated AchE, ChAT, and NGF-expression by immnohistochemical method. Results : The error rate in the eight-arm radial maze task was significantly decreased in normal group compared to control group on 1-6days, OA-CO1(CO oral administration, 0.8g/kg) group on 1-6days, OA-CO2(CO oral administration, 1.6g/kg) group on 1-3,5,6days, HA-CO1(CO herbal acupuncture, 0.016g/kg) group on 2,3,6days, HA-CO2(CO herbal acupuncture, 0.008g/kg) group on 1-3,5,6days. The rate of correct choice was significantly increased in OA-CO1, HA-CO2. The density of neurons in the hippocampal CA1 was the most increased in OA-CO1, HA-CO1, HA-CO2. The density of ChAT in the hippocampal CA1 was increased in OA-CO1, HA-CO2. The density of ChAT in the hippocampal CA1 was significantly increased in OA-CO1, HA-CO2. The density of NGE in the hippocampal CAI was significantly increased in OA-CO1, OA-CO2, HA-CO2. Conclusions : These results suggest that CO oral administration with 0.8g/kg and CO herbal acupuncture with 0.008g/kg might be used as a regulator of cell death of cholinergic system induced by stroke.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.159-174
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• 2002

Objective : The meridian theory in oriental medicine explains that each acu-point has a characteristic functional effect. It will be supposed that an acupuncture stimulation on different acu-point evokes different activation on different areas in the central nervous system(CNS) according to the meridian theory. On this supposition, our group tried the semi-quantitative [14C]2-deoxyglucose([14C]2-DG) autoradiography on the acupuncture stimulation to the hindlimb acu-points of Sprague-Dawley rats. Methods : A venous catheter for the intravenous administration of isotope was equipped in the right external jugular vein on 3 days prior to the [14C]2-DG study. On the day of the study, two acupuncture needles were inserted into the ST36(Zusanli) or LR3(Taichong) on the left hindlimb. Electro-acupuncture stimulation (2 Hz, 5 ms, 1~3 mA, 15 minutes) started just before the i.v. injection of [14C]2-DG ($25{\mu}Ci/rat$). The brain and the spinal cord were removed and processed for the [14C] 2-DG autoradiography. Results : The EA stimulation on ST36 reveals over 120% metaboilc activation in Arcuate nucleus, Anterior pretectal nucleus, Dorsal cochlear nucleus, Interposed cerebellar nucleus, and Nucleus of Darkschewitsch. The EA stimulation on LR3 reveals over 120% metaboilc activation in Lateral habenula nucleus, Medial vestibular nucleus, Ventromedial thalamic nucleus, Anteroventral thalamic nucleus, Anterior cingulate cortex, Dentate gyrus, Antero cortical amygdaloid nucleus, Anterior pretectal nucleus, and Dorsal tegmental nucleus compared with the non EA stimulation control group. Conclusion : These results demonstrate that the different acu-points evoke the different activations in brain areas. And with this functional brain mapping study, a new scientific elucidation for the basis of the acupuncture-meridian theory in oriental medicine through differences of activated area in CNS according to the each acupuncture point.