• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.300-314
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• 2012

Objectives : This study is to observe the changes in the expression of neurotransmitters, such as NO, nNOS, and NE, upon the needle insertion to the sea points, which is one of the five transport points. Methods : Needles were inserted into rats, on both left and right sides of all sea points, including the LU5, PC3, HT3, LI11, TE10, SI8, SP9, LR8, KI10, ST36, GB34, and BL40, which are the sea points of five transport points for 12 meridian vessels. After insertion, needles were retained for five minutes. After the retention, blood was drawn via cardiac puncture, and tissues of each point near meridian vessels were extracted to examine the changes in the expression of NO, nNOS and NE. Results : In terms of the effect in NO production, there was a significant decrease only in the LU5 point, whereas there was a significant increase in the TE10 point alone. In terms of the expression of nNOS within tissues, none of the experimental groups showed significant changes based on the results of immunohistochemistry and western blotting. Regarding the formation of norepinephrine within tissues, the HT3, SP9, and KI10 point showed a significant decrease, while the PC3 and LR8 point showed a significant increase. Production of plasma norepinephrine was significantly increased at the TE10, SP9, LR8, GB34, and BL40 point. Conclusions : The effect of needles applied at the sea points of five transport points of 12 meridian vessels on the functions of NO, nNOS, and NE could be observed, and it is considered that the effect of needle stimulation on nervous system disorders could be studied through additional researches based on this one.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.145-158
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• 2019

Objectives : This study attempts to identify the concept of Link meridian in previous medical books, and explore how Link meridian theory was used in a clinical practice focusing on YeTianshi. Methods : This study looked at the medical books related to acupuncture and moxibustion in the past and the part where Link meridian is mentioned in the annotations of "Huangdineijing" and "Nanjing", and examined how medical doctors prior to YeTianshi used Link meridian in a clinical practice. And then this study examined treatment cases in the medical records of YeTianshi. Results ＆ conclusions : Yang-Link meridian and Eum-Link meridian were arranged as ascending route by the majority of medical doctors. However, there are doubts because startpoints of them are not "Jeyanghoe" and "Jeeumgyo" respectively described in "Nanjing". Link meridian is thought to be a structure that connects each meridian passing through crossing points with each crossing point itself as a starting point. Thus, Link meridian can be seen as a role in strengthening the connection of crossing meridians and balancing and controlling those meridians centering on each crossing point. The point that YeTianshi's identifying that pathology of Eight extra meridians associates with liver and kidney(肝腎) to be a symptom of weakness, and his development of Link meridian's physiology and pathology through the relationship with other Eight extra meridians are thought to be more advanced than the previous medicine prior to YeTianshi.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.159-174
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• 2004

Objective : The purpose of this study is to find out differences of the points locations of Dongshi-Acupuncture described in some related books. Methods : This study was carried out by means of comparing the different locational descriptions on the same acupoint in those books : Dong Shi Ji Xue Zhen Jiu Xue(董氏奇穴鍼灸學), Shi Yong Dong Shi Zhen Jiu Ji Xue Quan Ji(實用董氏鍼灸奇穴全集), Dong Shi Zhen Jiu Ji Xue Jing Yan Lu(董氏鍼灸奇穴經驗錄), Dong Shi Leng Zhen Cheng Xue Xue(동씨능침징혈학), Dong Shi Ji Xue Tu Pu Zhi Liao Xue(董氏奇穴圖譜治療學), Tai Wan Dong Shi Zhen Jiu Jing Xue Xue (台灣董氏鍼灸經穴學). Results : There are disagreement on the number, locations, cuns of acupuncture points among the books: the numbers of 11 kinds of points, locations of 2 points and cun of 15 points. Conclusions : The authors can be grouped by the opinions on the acupuncture points. One group consists of Yang Wei Jie(楊維傑), Lai Jin Xiong(賴金雄) and Hu Bing Quin(胡丙權) and Hu Wen Zhi(胡文智), Liu Jian Zhong(陸建中) and Li Guo Zheng(李國政) form the other.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.163-173
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• 2015

Objectives : The aim of this study is to determine whether Chinemys reevesii Gray pharmacopuncture is a clinically effective treatment for women with knee osteoarthritis. Methods : Female patients with knee osteoarthritis were recruited from May $1^{st}$, 2014 to April $15^{th}$, 2015 at the Department of Acupuncture & Moxibustion Medicine of Dong-Eui University Korean Medical Hospital. Patients were randomly assigned to two groups. 4.0 ml of Chinemys reevesii Gray pharmacopuncture was injected at acupuncture points of the experimental group(n = 24) twice a week for three weeks. The control group(n = 24) received 5 % dextrose injections in order to identically stimulate the same acupuncture points of $ST_{35}$, $ST_{34}$, $SP_9$, $SP_{10}$, $GB_{34}$, $LR_8$, $EX-LE_4$, and $EX-LE_2$. The Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire(SF-MPQ), the Korean Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index(KWOMAC), and the European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions(EQ-5D) were recorded to evaluate treatment efficacy at first visit, after two weeks and four weeks from the initial visit. Results : 40 patients completed the trial. The experimental group showed more significant improvement than the control group in the scores of SF-MPQ, KWOMAC, and EQ-5D. However, there was no significant difference between groups in a few of the assessment scales. Conclusions : Chinemys reevesii Gray pharmacopuncture can be an effective treatment in control of pain, improvement in function and health-related quality of life for women with knee osteoarthritis.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.337-380
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• 1996

'Nei Jing(內徑)' first defined the interrelationship of the true and tile false between evil factor affecting health(雅氣) and vital essence energy(精氣). According to 「'Nei Jing(內徑)', the above interrelationship is explained as 'If state of evil domination is considered as sthenia-syndrome(雅氣盛則實), if the consumption of healthy energy Is considered as asenia-syndrome(精氣尊則虛): 'Nei Jing(內徑)', proposed major features of the medicall treatment by 'regluate the vatal energy of asthenia and sthenia, treat the sthenia-syndrome by purgation, and treat the asenia-syndrome by therapy of invigoration(調其氣之虛實, 實則瀉之, 虛則補之): The above interrelationship was interpreted as 'treat the asthenia-syndrome of child organ by invigorating the mother organ(虛者補其母)'in the 69th of 'The Classic on Difficulty',(難經 六十九難). Go-Mu(高武) of Myung-dynasty describe therapy for invigoration and purgation of itself-meridian(自經 補瀉法), which locating acupuncture points according to the Therorr of Five Element in the five shu points of itself-meridian(自經 五유穴), based on the generation in the ${\ulcorner}$A Synthetical Book of Acupuncture and Moxibustion(針灸聚英)${\lrcorner}$, Sae-hyun Jang(張世賢) further extended location acupuncture points of the five shu points to the other-meridian in the ${\ulcorner}$Gyeo Jung Do Ju Nan Gyung(校正圖註難經)${\lrcorner}$ Sa-Ahm's 5 Element Acupuncture Method(舍嚴五行鍼法) was originated in 1644, the middle of the Yi-dynasty. It linked the reinforcing and reducing in acupuncture therapy which incorporated tlle asthenia-syndrome and sthenia-syndrome of the hollow organs, based on principle of the Yin Yang 5 Element Theory(陰陽五行學說), not only to the generation in the 5 element(相生關係) but also to the restriction in the 5 element(相剋關係). Furthermore it was devised for the medical treatment by comning therapy for invigoration and purgation of itself-meridian(自經 補瀉法) with that of the other-meridian. Even though many original forms(正形) of the therapy for invigoration and purgation of the Yin Yang 5 Element Theory comply with the principle of the generation and the restriction based on the principle of the Yin Yang 5 Element Theory are abailable, variational forms(變形) are also recognized by examining the nature of the Sa-Ahm's 5 Element Acupuncture Method(舍嚴五行鍼法), For this reason, it is very difficult to understand the Sa-Ahm's 5 Element Acupuncture Method(舍嚴五行鍼法) thoroughly. therefore, those variational forms are obstacles for the beginners to study the Sa-Ahm's 5 Element Acupuncture Method. In order to understand the principle of the practical clinical application of the Sa-Ahm's 5 Element Acupuncture Method, this study investigated which principle was based on the variations of the locating acupuncture points' method for the acupuncture prescription.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.87-101
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• 2023

Objectives: Many acupuncture points have been suggested for the treatment of Bell's palsy, but information on which acupuncture points are more important in treatment is not provided. This study was conducted to investigate the importance of acupuncture points currently used clinically in Bell's palsy. Methods: By reviewing the full text of 11 books that recorded acupuncture prescriptions from the Qin Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, the frequency of use of acupuncture points, their meridians, and their location were investigated. Results: The average number of acupuncture points used for local, adjacent and distal points selection was 10.5, 2, 4 respectively. The number of acupuncture points increased from the Qin Dynasty to the Ming Dynasty 《Bojaebang》 and then decreased, but the proportion of local points has been still high. From the Ming Dynasty, ST4, ST6, GV26, and GV24 were mainly have been used as the local points. Except for the GB12, the use of the rest of the acupuncture points gradually decreased in the adjacent points. In the distal acupuncture points, it was summarized to point of lung and large intestine channel until the Ming Dynasty, and LI4 was mainly used in the Qing Dynasty. Yangming meridian has been most often used at the local and distal area except for the adjacent area. Conclusions: In the treatment of facial paralysis, the lower part of the face had the highest proportion among local acupuncture points, and the Yangming had the highest proportion by meridian.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.81-89
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• 2015

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to explore the trends of acupoints used for lumbar HIVD(Herniated Intervertebral Disc) and treatment and anatomical location of Hwatahyeopcheock. Methods : We searched the latest clinical studies on acupuncture treatment for lumbar HIVD(Herniated Intervertebral Disc) through domestic studies search. To analyze the data, we categorized them by year and article types of literatures and investigated often-used acupoints and acupuncture types for treatment by reading treatment part of every paper searched. Domestic and Chinese literatures related to Hwatahyeopcheock were also studied for its anatomical location. Results : Total 50 articles are searched and local points are more used than distant points for lumbar HIVD(Herniated Intervertebral Disc) and most of them showed curative effects. Back-su points were used the most and Hwatahyeopcheock use accounted for one-third of the articles. In the articles of Hwatahyeopcheock use, except for one, patients complained of both low back pain and radiating pain, and all of them showed positive results after treatment. Conclusions : Back su point is considered to have its meaning as physical region where patients feel pain including herniated disc level rather than the effect meridian system makes. Through document research and meridian muscle theory, we found that Hwatahyeopcheock means vertebral facet joint, intervertebral foramen and surrounding muscle, nerve, blood vessel and related spinal nerves.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.151-160
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• 2001

Objective : Assuming that the characteristic of meridian system has been similar to this of electric potentials in human body and that measurements of electric potential at well(井穴) and sea(合穴) points in branches of the twelve meridians will be representative of measurements of the twelve meridians, to measure the electric potentials in twenty aged and fifty aged healthy volunteers groups at sleeping(SG) and awakening(AG), and then to find out the characteristic of meridian system among 2 groups. Methods : We selected who thirty healthy volunteers were diagnosed by a blood test, urine examination and differentiation of syndromes by five viscera(五臟辨證) among volunteers. Their electric potential of well and sea points in the meridians were simultaneously measured by physiograph. Results : Measurements were analyzed by statistical factor analysis, we obtained that the both left and right side electric potential of well and sea points in branches of the twelves meridians were unclearly divided into four factors according to age and whether sleeping or not, which were the three Yin meridians of the hand, the three Yang channels of the hand, the three Yin meridians of the foot, and the three Yin meridians of the foot. Conclusion : In conclusion, using the sequently measuring method, we obtained that electrical potentials of well and sea points in branches of the twelves meridians were divided into two factors, but the simultaneously measuring method, those were divided into four factors. The latter result means that the electrical potentials of twelve meridians were reflected by the function of the viscera and bowels.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.41-48
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• 2011

Objectives : This study aimed to explore the passive multi-channel time series analysis method by measuring bio-potentials of acupuncture point and the peripheral region Methods : Bio-potential was measured at ST36 and the peripherical region of ST36 of 5 healthy volunteers at three times. The diagram of the potential changes over time were smoothed by moving average method and similarities of ST36 and the other points were calculated. Results : In the normal weight group, bio-potential similarity tended to decrease in proportion to the distance from the acupuncture point. In the obesity group, bio-potential similarity appeared in a very wide area. Bio-potential similarity had positive correlation with BMI value. Conclusions : The passive multi-channel time series analysis method showed the possibility be appropriate for the electrical characteristics study of meridians.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2002.07c
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• pp.1776-1779
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• 2002

In this paper, we measured the heating time on the key measuring point of the meridian of the human body's left and right by using heating machine. Then, based on the fuzzy theory, this study diagnosed the each meridian's strength and weakness, After that, both the strengthening and weakening stimulus of magnetic field was applied to the dominant direction to find out how the degree of strength and weakness of the meridian changed. Ultimately, the magnetic therapy that can stimulate the magnetic field at the time of diagnosis and thereby balancing the interactive of a five system has been materialized. For the stimulation of magnetic field, a stimulating device which can change the direction and time on a specific part of the key measuring points has been developed and used. The therapeutic method is as follows. first, the strength and weakness of the meridian has been determined. Second, both the extremely weak meridian of Yin(Shade) and Yang(Shine), and the extremely strong meridian of Yin and Yang were adjusted by applying appropriate ascending and descending stimuli respectively.