• 대한가정학회지
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• 제48권8호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to explore and examine the relationship between mother-child emotional availability and preschoolers' story stem narrative response. Eighty two 4-year-old preschoolers and their mothers participated in this study. This study used the following translated evaluation tools: Emotional Availability Scales(EA, 3rd edition) designed by Biringen and colleagues(1998) to examine the quality of the emotional relationship between mother and her child, and the MacArthur Story Stem Battery(MSSB) developed by Bretherton and colleagues with the MacArthur Narrative Group(1990) to measure preschoolers' narrative responses. The following statistical analyses were preformed descriptive, cluster analysis, and One-way ANOVA. The findings were as follows: First, 4 clusters of the narrative responses of 4-year-old preschoolers were prosocial story tellers, avoidant/dysregulated story tellers, constrained story tellers, and anxious story tellers. Second, the preschoolers in the prosocial cluster showed a high level of mother-child emotional availability and the preschoolers in the avoidant/dysregulated cluster showed a low level of mother-child emotional availability.

• 한국언어정보학회지:언어와정보
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.163-182
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• 2004

Since metaphor was proposed to be a matter of thought instead of language over two decades ago, the research in this area has made most of its progress by the cognitivists. For the cognitivists represented by Lakoff, metaphor is not a mere poetic or rhetoric device, but is central to our everyday language. Furthermore, according to them, we categorize the world and break it into concepts mainly through metaphors, and truth conditions simply cannot account for metaphor. However, this cognitivists' view has been severely counterattacked by the truth-conditional semanticists. Their main criticism is that the cognitivists do not provide a way to go from our internal representations to the outside world. It is also criticized that the cognitive theory of metaphor as cross-conceptual domain mappings is too broad and general, and that they do not explain why a particular metaphorical expression should be subsumed under one mapping rather than another mapping, i.e., their schemes and structural relations are not predictive. In this context, the purpose of this paper is to propose a model for metaphor interpretation that combines the virtues of the two opposite views of metaphor. Truth-conditional semantics cannot ignore cognitive aspects of language, so-called states of affairs or mental representations, while cognitive theories cannot neglect vigorous representation of meaning with objective reality. This paper will try to present a preliminary outline of this combining model.

• 국제물리치료학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.2005-2011
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• 2020

Background: Motor imagery is the mental representation of an action without overt movement or muscle activation. However, few previous studies have demonstrated motor imagery training effects as an objective assessment tool in patients with early stroke. Objective: To investigate the effect of motor imagery training on Somatosensory Evoked Potentials (SSEP) and upper limb function of stroke patients. Design: A quasi-experimental study. Methods: Twenty-four patients with stroke were enrolled in this study. All subjects were assigned to the experimental or control group. All participants received traditional occupational therapy for 30 minutes, 5 times a week. The experimental group performed an additional task of motor imagery training (MIT) 20 minutes per day, 5 days a week, for 4 weeks. Both groups were assessed using the SSEP amplitude, Fugl-Meyer assessment of upper extremity (FMA UE) and Wolf motor function test. Results: After the intervention, the experimental group showed significant improvement in SSEP amplitude and FMA UE than did the control group. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the MIT effectively improve the SSEP and upper limb function of stroke patients.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.416-429
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• 2018

In social constructivist teaching, knowledge construction is achieved through learners' collective social interaction. Vygotsky argued that this process is mediated with language use, and the development of higher order thinking is realized through the transition from inter-personal psychological functions to intra-personal psychological functions. In so doing scientific concepts are internalized to learners. This study examined the third grade elementary students' inter/intra-personal psychological functions and their internalization processes during social constructivist teaching plan about strata and fossils. The lessons were designed along with Wells' dialogic inquiry and Leach and Scott's social constructivist teaching-learning sequences. Results showed that a teacher's utterances of talking with questioning to switch attention, creating cognitive disequilibrium, and expanding the width of students' opinions could make effective inter-personal psychological function. In addition, a learner's inner speech expressed into social discourse through talking about personal experiences, comparing epistemic idea with visual representation, or applying to different situation showed his/her intra-personal psychological function. Some cases of learners' internalization through language use could be at the stage of knowledge building and understanding of the spiral of knowing, but not all. Thus it is argued that a teacher's deeper insight into Vygotskian social constructivist teaching can make elementary science classroom teaching more effective in their inter/intra-psychological functions.

• 영어영문학
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• 제64권1호
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• pp.3-24
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• 2018

Stories are important instruments for configuring our cognitive and social worlds, but they do not necessarily make us more caring or less aggressive and self-involved. The ability to tell and follow a story requires cognitive capacities that are basic to the neurobiology of mental functioning, and so it would stand to reason that our experiences with stories would draw on and re-shape patterns of interaction that extend beyond the immediate experience of reading or listening to a narrative. Our intuitive, bodily-based ability to understand the actions of other people is fundamental to social relations, including the circuit between the representation of a configured action emplotted in a narrative and the reader's or listener's activity of following the story as we assimilate its patterns into the figures that shape our worlds. The activity of following a narrative can have a variety of beneficial or potentially noxious social consequences, either promoting the shared intentionality that neurobiologically oriented cultural anthropologists identify as a unique human capacity supporting culturally productive collaboration, or habitualizing and thereby naturalizing particular patterns of perception into rigid ideological constructs. The doubling of "me" and "not-me" in narrative acts of identification may promote the "we-intentionality" that makes socially beneficial cooperation possible, or it can set off mimetic conflict and various contagion effects. Neuroscience cannot predict what the social consequences of narrative will be, but it can identify the brain- and body-based processes through which (for better or worse) stories exercise social power.

• Educational Technology International
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.283-312
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• 2012

Problem-solving ability is one of the most important learning outcomes for students to compete and accomplish in a knowledge-based society. It has been empirically proven that visualization plays a central role in problem-solving. The best performing problem-solver might have a strong visualization tendency. However, there is little research as to what factors of visualization tendency primarily related to problem-solving ability according to phases of problem-solving. The purpose of this study is to identify the relationship between visualization tendency and problem-solving ability, to determine which factors of visualization tendency influence problem-solving ability in each phase of problem-solving, and to examine different problem-solving ability from the perspective of the levels of visualization tendency. This study has found out that visualization tendency has a significant correlation with problem-solving ability. Especially, Generative Visualization and Spatial-Motor Visualization as sub-visualization tendency were more strongly related to each phase of problem-solving. It indicates that visualization tendency to generate and operate mental processing can be considered a major cognitive skill to improve problem-solving ability. Furthermore, students who have high visualization tendency also have significantly higher problem-solving ability than students with low visualization tendency. It shows that the levels of visualization tendency can predict variables related to students' problem-solving ability.

• 복식
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• 제30권
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• pp.261-274
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• 1996

In the present age dominate by both cer-taingty of 1% and uncertainty of 99% 'Fuzzy thinking' of Bart Kosko that is the way to solve the problems by the scientific way through a worldview of Buddhism or Taoism greatly prevails around the world over 'Lateral greatly prevails around the world over 'Lateral thinking' and the authenticity or the right and-wrong of the uncertainty which is the thinking way to find the answer of the problems of illogical way of Edward de Beno against the western vertical thinking were Concurrently fashion designers over the world also adopt the oriental elements. But there exist differences of thoughts between the orient and the occident. And they have dif-ferent thinking way of aestheticism and references of the value on the beauty. Not only beauty but the view through the mind as intuitional thought in which not only the rec-ognition of sense but also the rationalism and the naturalness play key role. The aesthetic sense in the orient contains both the truth and virtue. 2) The beauty of the mean It's from the thought of neutralization of Confucius. The mean or moderation state which in harmony with ethical virtue and aes-thetic beauty is the ideal and is the ultimate. Therefore the thought of Confucian is the creativity in which the balance and the har-mony is most important. Fashion design is also one of the representation of the mean because the spirit of the designer is harmonized for-mlessly with the object of the model of the fashion design. 2) The beauty of skillfulness It indicates the Taoism of Lao-tzu and Chuangtzu. It takes a super-artistic declar-ation that human can feel and recognize the color of colorlessness the sound of sound-lessness and the taste of tastelessness. The thought of arts affected by Taoism is 'ad-vanced age' called the beauty of skillfulness. The view of arts of lao-tzu takes the beauty of cosmos and the nature as a standard. Es-pecially the beauty of inactivity is recognized by the linkage between the beauty and the ugliness. And these things appear in fashion design as a design element such as humor or exaggeration. 3) The beauty of non-dualism It is thought of Buddhism that all evil passions of worry occur form the opposition in dualism. Finally this thought leads to that everything is consistent and truth is only one from the point of view that virtue and vice has on linkage that is 'no virtues no vices' and 'one with two, two, with one, one is not two' A big tendency like this became the root forma-tion of the thought of the oriental arts. 3. Characteristics of the oriental aesthetic sense on the present fashion design 1) The formation of the fashion design on the oriental elements In the picture-incantation which was a representation of an era when the thought of 'cosmic dual forces' dominated the basic polygons of 'a circle square triangle' means both 'one two three' and 'the negative positive mean' of cosmic elements. From this point of view the was of planner cutting in the Orient is dif-ferent from that of the Occidental which is in three-dimensional. The planner polygon type of the cut-pieces comes to have the meaning of the three-dimension when they consist of a suit that has the combination of each cut-piece. This shows the consistency with the principle of cosmos creation of Taoism that one is two two is three and three is every-thing. 2) The coloring and the symbolic represen-tation of the fashion design on the orien-tal elements The sense on the colors in the Orient from the thought of 'the cosmic dual forces and the five elements' is not the experi-enced from the knowledge but contains the consideration of philosophy Five-primary-color representing compass directions Blue(East) Red(South) Yellow(Center) White (West) and Black (North) is called ' the posi-tive' for this five-primary-color secondary-color which comes from the compound of the primary colors is called 'the negative' The thought of 'the cosmic dual forces and the five elements' is also an theory containing the natural order of the cos-mos and this shows the perceptional differ-ence that they are not conceptual but to be recognized and fell directly. A thought of Buddhism which is 'Colors are colorlessness and Clolorlessness are color's proves that. 3) The pattern and symbolic representation of the fashion design on the oriental elements The pattern as a visual style is a figure of symbolic representation which adopt the mental and physical world of human and are the compo-sition of artistic revelation of the human nature and the religous thought of incantation. Es-pecially the symbolic representation of the oriental thought of Confusion. Buddhism and Taoism There are patterns such as plants aminals the oriental four gods and geometry. From the above it's the time toward the 21'th century when the world is constructing one global area and one historical zone. And the exotic mood of the Orient represented in the fashion which doesn't make the common feeling in general does not cease to develop only to express the visual modeling but also adopts the thought religion and the art which are the root of the Orientail and contains inherent willing of modeling.

• 조형예술학연구
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• 제11권
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• pp.201-220
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• 2007

본 논문은 동양회화(東洋繪畵)에 있어서 경영위치(經營位置)에 의한 여백(餘白)의 미(美)를 두 가지 관점(觀點)에서 고찰하였다. 첫째, 화면구성(畵面構成)의 일환인 경영위치(經營位置)로 드러나는 여백(餘白)의 처리 방법에 대한 기존의 방법론을 사료(史料)를 통하여 분석(分析)하여 체계적으로 정리하였으며, 둘째, 여백(餘白)의 미(美)에 대한 전통적(傳統的) 관점과 본인의 관점을 비교하여 그 차이점을 파악(把握)하였다. 대부분의 선행연구(先行硏究)와 자료(資料)는 여백(餘白)의 운영(運營)과 표현방법이 거의 수묵(水墨), 산수화(山水畵)에 집중되어 있었기 때문에 본인은 채색(彩色)위주의 작업을 하면서 여러 조형요소 가운데 사물간의 구성 및 색채(色彩)간의 조화(調和)를 통한 화면공간의 운용문제에 대해 연구하였으며, 동양회화의 회면구성을 담당하는 경영위치(經營位置) 요소 가운데 여백(餘白)의 미(美)를 새롭게 평가하고 인식(認識)하는 계기를 마련하고자 하였다. 수묵화(水墨畵)와 달리 채색화(彩色畵) 분야에서 제대로 인식(認識)되지 못했던 여백(餘白)의 운용에 대한 표현성의 확대와 그 의미를 살펴보았으며 이를 통해 표현기법이나 표현 언어 측면에서 공통점을 갖는 다른 예술분야(藝術分野)와 연계(連繫)하여 연구 분석함으로써 여백(餘白)의 표현과 그 감상의 경계가 결코 회화(繪畵) 한 분야에만 국한되지 않음을 연구하였다. 여백(餘白)의 개념(槪念) 및 표현방법에서는 여백(餘白)과 공간(空間)의 기본개념을 탐구하고 분석하면서 동양사상(東洋思想) 속에 나타나는 여백개념(餘白槪念)을 정리하였고 경영위치(京營位置)의 형성과 변천을 정리하고 원개념(遠槪念)을 정리하였다. 본인은 작품창작에 있어서 사물의 본질(本質)을 파악하여 표현하기 위한 방법으로 형사적인 측면과 신사적(神似的)인 측면을 함께 고려하였다. 형사적(形似的)인 측면에 해당하는 드러난 형상의 표현은 대체로 격물치지적(格物致知的) 측면을 고려하였으며, 사의적(寫意的) 측면에 해당하는 무형(無形)의 형(形)은 창작 주체의 정신과 합일되는 '물화(物化)'의 경지에 이르고자 노력하였다. 그 안에 내재된 정신성을 표출하기 위하여 장자(莊子)가 제시한 '심제(心齊)'와 '좌망(坐忘)'의 경계를 추구하면서 정신적 수양의 경지에 이르고자 하였다. 정신적 수양이 작품 속에 투영될 때 화면에 외형적인 형태와 더불어 내재된 본질도 함께 전달될 수 있으며 화면 속에 표현된 형상(形象)의 이미지는 현실에서 체득(體得)한 심미적 경험(經驗)을 바탕으로 하는 것이라 보았다. 본 논문은 역대(歷代) 화가(畵家)들과 이론가들이 남긴 역사적(歷史的) 유산(遺産)들을 근거(根據)로 전통(傳統)을 계승(繼承)하고 변호시켜 재창조(再創造)함으로써 본인 작품의 정체성(整體性)을 확립해야 한다는 사실을 알게 되었다. 본인이 추구하고 지향(指向)하는 작품세계의 정체성(整體性)을 확립하기 위해서 전통(傳統)과 현대(現代)를 창조적(創造的)인 방법으로 융화(融和)시켜 향후 작품의 방향성(方向成)을 찾고자 하였다.

• 대한지구과학교육학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.43-53
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• 2014

이 연구의 목적은 계절의 변화 원인을 설명하는 과정에서 초등학생들의 개념 시뮬레이션을 분석함으로써 학생들이 어떻게 계절의 변화 원인에 대한 설명을 어떻게 생성하고 있는지를 알아보고, 계절의 변화와 관련된 교육에 시사점을 주는 데 있다. 이를 위해 문헌 연구를 기반으로 개념 시뮬레이션 과정 및 전략 분석틀을 개발하였으며, 과학교육 전문가 4인의 내용타당도를 확인 받았다. 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 계절의 변화 원인 설명 과정에서 초등학생들은 주로 과학수업에서 모형 실험을 통해 학습한 지각적 경험을 이용하여 설명을 만들고 있었으며, 친숙한 대상을 이용하여 사고실험 사례를 고안하거나, 친숙한 지각적 경험을 유추하여 설명을 확고히 하는 것을 돕고 있었다. 둘째, 개념 시뮬레이션 사례의 실수는 초기표상의 진술, 심상 시뮬레이션의 실행 과정에서 나타났으며, 참여자들의 초기표상 진술이 불완전하거나, 심상 시뮬레이션 실행에서 부적절한 상황을 떠올린 경우였다. 셋째, 초등학생들의 개념 시뮬레이션 과정에서 남중고도의 개념과 관련된 정신모델을 확고히 하기 위해 제거, 대체의 시뮬레이션 전략을 사용하는 것을 확인하였다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.102-112
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• 2011

본 연구는 TV에서 아동성폭력이 어떻게 재현되는지를 알아보기 위하여 KBS 1TV '시사기획 쌈'에서 방영된 시사다큐멘터리 두 편의 서사구조와 발화내용을 분석하였다. 그 결과 아동성폭력의 가해자는 그들을 감시하고 처벌하는 시스템으로 인해 스트레스를 받으며, TV서사는 이들의 인권과 피해자의 아픔 사이에서 중립적인 태도를 취하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 또한 가해자의 음주나 정신병력 등 '비정상적'인 면을 강조하며, 남성의 사회적 권력은 형벌을 감해주거나 처벌받지 않도록 함으로써 여성의 피해를 개인적인 아픔으로 사사화한다. '작고 쉬우며 약한' 여성으로 성적 대상화되는 아동성폭력 피해자는 보복을 두려워 하고, 상처를 안은 채 살아가는 무기력한 모습으로 재현된다. TV다큐멘터리 '시사기획 쌈'을 통해 보여준 아동성폭력의 재현은 사건중심의 즉각적이고 단편적인 서사를 구성함으로써 아동성폭력의 사회적 맥락을 이해하는데 소홀히 하였으며, 한국사회의 실정을 고려한 효율적이고 장기적인 대책마련이나 국민적 참여를 충분히 이끌어내지 못했다는 점에서 그 한계를 드러낸다.