• 대한산업공학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.338-345
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• 2004

Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs) have become ubiquitous and continued to gain popularity. Since PDAs have some special contexts such as mobility and limited screen size, icons are utilized frequently because icons allow us to do tasks more rapidly and effectively on PDAs like another information appliances. The study presents a cognitive approach to study human factors affecting icon design with multidimensional Scaling (MDS) analysis. In the experiment, a real PDA was used to investigate 29 attributes and2 preference ratings for 22 PDA icons by 20 Korean subjects. As a result, cognitive positioning about icons, attributes, and preference data were arranged on the two dimensional perceptual map. Attributes were grouped by simplicity, universality, activity, complexity, abstraction, static, and alphanumeric time. Subjects preferences were highly related with simplicity attributes group and positive to universality and activity attributes groups. It was also confirmed that there are some icons unfitted to the mental model of Korean. However, when icons are designed for PDAs or similar information appliances to Korean, it should be designed simply and actively with universal image fitted on target users mental model.

• 셀메드
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.12.1-12.6
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect wool in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The study was conducted experimentally on 53 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease attending the chest diseases polyclinic of a hospital located in Erzurum. A randomized selection method was used to categorize patients into two groups; a treatment (n = 27), and a control group (n = 26). Patients in the treatment group (pre-test measurements were taken) wore wool vests for a period of three months, while patients in the control group wore cotton vests (placebo) for the same duration; post-test measurements were taken for both groups at the end of the three-month period. The Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36, the St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire, and pulmonary function tests were used to collect data. Results concluded that there was a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in the overall score of the St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire, and the symptom, effect, and activity mean scores, while there was a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the SF-36 physical functioning, general health, bodily pain, role physical, vitality, role emotional, social functioning, mental health, physical and mental component summary mean scores of patients in the treatment group. Results of the study concluded that the symptoms, activity, disease effectiveness, and quality of life improved in patients that wore wool vests.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제12권10호
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• pp.4369-4377
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• 2011

본 연구의 목적은 CSCL에서 조정활동을 지원하는 조정지원스크립트를 개발하고 효과를 검증하는 것이다. 선행연구와 CSCL 도구를 분석하여 거시적 스크립트 설계원리와 실행원리를 도출하였고, 역할 분담과 관련된 문헌분석을 통해 미시적 스크립트 설계원리를 도출하여 조정지원스크립트를 개발하였다. 개발된 조정지원스크립트를 CSCL 환경에 적용하여 그 효과를 검증한 결과, 조정지원스크립트는 학습활동(공유정신모형)에 유용한 효과가 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 본 연구의 결과는 거시적 스크립트와 미시적 스크립트를 이용한 연구와 효과적인 협력학습 방법을 모색하는 교육현장에 의미 있는 시사점을 제공할 것이다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.200-207
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• 2008

Objectives : This study examined whether serious psychological distress (SPD) is associated with occupational injury among US employees. Methods : The employed population aged 18-64 years was examined (n=101,855) using data from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) 2000-2003. SPD was measured using the Kessler 6-item Psychological Distress Scale (K-6), a screening scale designed to identify persons with serious mental illness. The predicted marginal prevalence of psychological distress and occupational injury with the adjusted odds ratio were estimated using multiple logistic regression analyses. Results : The age-adjusted 3-month prevalence of occupational injury was $0.80{\pm}0.12%$ in workers with SPD, which was 37% greater than in workers without SPD ($0.58{\pm}0.03%$). The odds of occupational injury in workers with SPD were higher compared to workers without SPD (OR=1.34, 95% CI=0.93-1.92), after controlling for sex, age, race, education, occupation, and activity limitation by at least one medical condition. Male, service and blue collar occupation, and activity limiation by co-morbidity showed significantly higher odds of occupational injury for workers with SPD. Conclusions : The findings suggest that SPD accounts for an increased likelihood of occupational injury among US employees. A further longitudinal study is needed to differentiate the mechanism or causal pathways linking individual injury risk at the workplace, SPD, and socioeconomic factors.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.135-146
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• 2019

Objectives : This study examines the grounds on which Wulao(五勞) Liuji(六極) Qishang(七傷) which are categories of Xulao(虛勞) are differentiated, along with standards by which each category is further classified. Methods : Based on "Zhubingyuanhoulun(諸病源候論)", the first text to sort the different types and symptoms of Wulao(五勞) Liuji(六極) Qishang(七傷), each classification and its symptoms were analyzed. Texts which were written relatively close in time to "Zhubingyuanhoulun" were referenced in the process. Results & Conclusions : The differentiation of Wulao(五勞) Liuji(六極) Qishang(七傷) is based on the cause of illness. Wulao(五勞) is caused by mental activity which fatigues the Five Zang, Liuji(六極) is caused by exterior pathogens that damage the Five Body Elements, and Qishang(七傷) is caused by emotional factors as well as damaging practices. In close examination, Wulao(五勞) was further classified according to the different layers of mental activity, described in terms of taxation illness of the damaged Zang. Liuji(六極) is damage of the Five Body Elements by exterior pathogens, which was put into the spacial structure of nature and explained in six. Qishang(七傷) refers to the collective of representative symptoms and representative causes of Xulao.

• 항공우주의학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.38-44
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• 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the prevalence of fatigue and its associated factors leading to the fatigue among Korean commercial airline pilots. Methods: An anonymous, web-based questionnaire collecting data on sleep related characteristics was completed by airline pilots. The final 1,029 samples of completed questionnaires were analyzed. The association of the risk factors with fatigue was determined using logistic regression analysis. Results: The prevalence of fatigue was 60% (Fatigue Severity Scale index≥3.2), disturbed sleep 28% (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index≥9), daytime sleepiness 17% (Epworth Sleepiness Scale≥10), and sleep apnea (Berlin Questionnaire≥2) 11%. The fully adjusted logistic regression showed that quality of life (odds ratio [OR]=0.16, confidence interval [CI]=0.11-0.24), daytime sleepiness (OR=1.26, CI=1.18-1.34), sleep quality (OR=1.44, CI=1.29-1.61), mental workload (OR=1.10, CI=1.05-1.14), vigorous physical activity (OR=0.82, CI=0.72-0.92), late starts (OR=1.25, CI=1.06-1.46) and average weekly flying hours (OR=1.02, CI=1.00-1.03) were associated with higher levels of fatigue. Conclusion: Lower quality of life, disturbed sleep, more subjective sleepiness, shorter sleep duration, higher mental workload, less vigorous physical activity, frequent late starts, and longer flying hour were shown to be risk factors for fatigue in airline pilots. These findings should be taken into account in the development of sleep and fatigue countermeasures for airline pilots.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.425-430
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• 2001

이 연구의 목적은 선형적 주파수 분석방법으로는 구별되지 않는 감정상태와 인지상태의 EEG를 구별할 수 있는 새로운 방법을 제안하는 것이다. 건강한 피험자들의 EEG를 세가지 다른 조건-눈을 감고 편안히 쉬고 있는 상태. 음악을 듣고 있는 상태 눈을 감고 단순한 뺄셈 연산을 수행하고 있는 상태-에서 각각 측정하였다. 점관점 상관타원 (PD2) 방법을 이용하여 각 정신상태에 따른 EEG를 분석하였다. 연산과제를 집중해서 수행했다고 보고한 집단이 그렇지 않다고 보고한 집단보다 더 높은 PD2 값을 통계적으로 유의하게 나타내었다. 또한 음악을 듣는 과제에서 높은 점수를 얻은 집단이 그렇지 않은 집단에 비해 상대적으로 낮은 PD2 값을 나타내었다. 같은 EEG 신호에 선형 분석 방법인 주파수 분석 방법을 적용하여 보았으나, 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.93-102
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• 1997

The study aimed at investigating the living time as well as disability degree of the elderly based on daily living acting capability and living activity degree. The survey was conducted through the home-visit interview during half month at july, 1996 by the students of nursing department who were previously trained. The survey targeted the elderly aged 65 years or more living at home in rural area. The study tried to utilize Activity Inventory(AI) made for examing health and disease, disability degree, and living acting degree of the elderly. Among the AI's, there are Physical Activity of Daily Living(PADL), Instrumental Activity of Daily Living(IADL), maximum daily activity scope, and physical and mental activity level of the elderly. The daily living time is surveyed physiologic time(sleeping, eating and grooming), labor time(occupation, housekeeping and farming) and leisure time(reading, sport hobby-life). Results of the study show that social activity degree of the elderly is found to be lower than that PADL, LADL, and daily living scope. It seems that the elderly suffer from inability in daily life with lower social activity degree. But the labour time of the daily living time is the most amount time in the targeted 361 elderlys through random sampling. Therefore postponement of the disability of aging should be devised to encourage the labour activity of the elderly.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.535-545
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• 2022

Objective: This study was conducted to identify predictive factors of physical activity in total hip arthroplasty patients, and to provide basic data for the developing physical activity promotion program for total hip arthroplasty patients. Design: Descriptive correlational research. Methods: Data were collected from August 2017 to May 2018. Surveys were distributed to 60 patients in a G university hospital located at J city, Gyeongsangnam-do. Data were analyzed by frequency, mean, standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, multiple regression analysis using SPSS 24 Win program. Results: The variables affecting the 4-week physical activity after discharge were age (β=.07), residence after discharge (β=-.22), cerebrovascular disease (β=-.13), mental and behavioural disease (β=-.11), taking antibiotic (β=-.26), walking ability (β=.41), nutritional status (β=.25), depression (β=.05). The eight variables accounted for 39.4% in the 4-week physical activity (F=4.49 p=.001). The variables affecting the 8-week physical activity after discharge were age (β=.06), waking ability (β=.34), nutritional status (β=.20), exercise self-efficacy (β=.05), depression (β=-.05). The six variables accounted for 28.0% in the 8-week physical activity (F=4.58, p<.001). Conclusions: The walking ability in discharge important to improve the physical activity, there is a need to develop an program to improve walking ability before discharge, in total hip arthroplasty. There is a need to develop a physical activity program to consistently participate in a community.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.107-115
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• 2008

Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess the effects of acupuncture applied at PC6 and SP4 points on heart rate variability (HRV) in normal subjects under mental stress Methods: 24 healthy male subjects were recruited and randomized to a treatment group (12 subjects) or a control group (12 subjects). Both groups performed a mental arithmetic stress test and then acupuncture needles were inserted on PC6 and SP4 for the study group. In the control group, they took sham acupuncture as a control. Heart rate variability (HRV) was measured during the whole study period by FM-150 (digital Holter ECG recorder). Results: In the both groups, low frequency (LF) power and ratio of low frequency to high frequency (LF/HF) was significantly increased after mental stress. Acupuncture induced significant decrease in low frequency (LF) power and ratio of low frequency to high frequency (LF/HF) which were increased after mental stress test. But sham acupuncture induced no changes. Results: In both groups, low frequency (LF) power and ratio of low frequency to high frequency (LF/HF) significantly increased after mental stress. Acupuncture induced significant decrease in low frequency (LF) power and ratio of low frequency to high frequency (LF/HF) which increased after mental stress test. In contrast, sham acupuncture induced no changes. Conclusions: Acupuncture on PC6 and SP4 could be useful to decrease sympathetic activity and balance autonomic nervous system for those who are under stress.