• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.57-68
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• 2014

Objectives: The purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between Sasang constitution and cold hypersensitivity. Methods: We investigated 391 outpatients who visited Dong-Eui Oriental Hospital OB & GY from June 12, 2013 to April 18, 2014. Among 134 patients who complained feeling of cold, we analyzed 107 patients whose Sasang constitution is confirmed. Results: 1. There were 21 persons 19.8% of under age 27, 28 persons 26.4% of age 28-34, 23 persons 21.7% of age 35-41, 18 persons 17% of age 42-48, 16 persons 15.1% of age over 49. 2. Among 107 patients, there were 52 persons 48.6% of Soeumin, 29 persons 27.1% of Taeeumin, 25 persons 23.4% of Soyangin, 1 person 0.9% of Taeyangin. And Taeyangin interior disease was 1 case 100%, Soyangin exterior disease was 22 cases 88% and interior disease was 3 cases 12%, Taeeumin exterior disease was 11 cases 37.9% and interior disease was 18 cases 62.1%, Soeumin exterior disease was 19 cases 36.5% and interior disease was 33 cases 3.5%. 3. In the distribution of cold-hypersensitive part, hands and feet with chills were 58 cases 4.7% by largest number, and the following was hands and feet in 24 cases 22.6%. 4. In the distribution of chief complaint, there were 25 cases 23.58% of menstrual pain, 19 cases 17.92% of postpartum symptoms, 17 cases 16.04% of oligomenorrhea and hypomenorrhea, 14 cases 13.21% of cold hypersensitivity. 5. In the distribution of chief complaint depending on age, menstrual pain of under age 27, postpartum symptoms of age 35-41 and cold hypersensitivity of over age 49 were at a high rate. Conclusions: Results suggest that patients with symptom of cold hypersensitivity have some tendencies in age, Sasang constitution, chief complaint, cold-hypertensive part.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.61-71
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• 1999

Objective : The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between the premenstrual changes and stress perception in women with premenstrual changes($PMC^+$)(n=32) and those without premenstrual changes($PMC^-$)(n=62) by using prospective method. Method : The women who were older than 30 years of age and healthy were asked to complete a daily rating form based on DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for one menstrual cycle to assess the changes of psychological and physical symptoms across the menstrual cycle. They also completed 5-point likert scale to assess the perception of stress. Percent changes method was used to assess changes between follicular phase and luteal phase. Results : 1) No significant differences were found in demographic factors(age, education, marriage, employment) and risk factors(onset ages of menarche, regularities of premenstrual changes, duration of menstruation, cycle length, amount of menstruation, dysmenorrhea) between women with and without premenstrual changes. 2) There was a significant difference in mean luteal phase stress score between women with($1.92\pm0.63$) and without premenstrual changes($1.51\pm0.42$)(p<0.05). However no difference was found in mean follicular phase stress score between two groups($PMC^+$ : $1.67\pm0.43$, $PMC^-$ : $1.33\pm0.39$). 3) We divided women having premenstrual changes into two groups, higher stress group(stress score > 1.75(median)) and the lower stress group(stress score <1.75(median)). The higher stress group reported more luteal psychological symptoms than did the lower stress group(df=1, F=13.362, p<0.001). However, the groups did not differ in physical symptoms. Conclusion : In women with premenstrual changes, luteal stress score was higher than follicular stress score and this result suggested tha the perception of stress was related to psychological symptoms but not physical symptoms. These findings suggested that premenstrual change is associated with the stress level, and that it is important to manage the stress which is focused on the management of psychological symptom in the treamtment of prementrual syndrome.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.46-51
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• 1999

Objectives: Patients with premenstrual dysphoric disorder(or PMDD) have impairments of the social, occupational or academic function due to psychological or somatic symptoms, which have the characteristic pattern of symptom exacerbation in the week before menses begin and remission shortly after the onset of menses. In the chronobiological view, many researchers have assumed that the etiology of PMDD is the advanced circadian rhythm. It has been suggested that light has a therapeutic effect on PMDD, because evening light results in phase delay of circadian rhythm through the biochemical changes including melatonin. Methods: The authors investigated the therapeutic effect of light therapy on four patients with prospectively diagnosed PMDD by DSM-IV criteria using clinical psychiatric interview, Premenstrual Assessment Form(PAF) and Daily Rating Form(or DRF). In the evening(6:30pm-8:00pm), the 2,500 lux light administered for seven consecutive days during the symptomatic late luteal phase of menstrual cycle. Beck Depression Inventory(or BDI), Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression(or HAM-D), Spielberg State Anxiety Inventory(or SA), and DRF were evaluated before and after seven days of light therapy. Results: Premenstrual symptoms of PMDD could be effectively treated with the evening bright light therapy, especially in PMDD patients with atypical symptoms. In addition, the light therapy seemed to more effective on the psychologic symptoms than the somatic symptoms of PMDD. There was no significant side-effect of light therapy, except the transient and mild eye-strain in one case. Conclusions: In spite of the results of limited data from our clinical trial, the authors suggest that the potential use of light therapy as an alternative to the pharmacological management of patients with PMDD.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.86-89
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• 2011

Imperforate hymen is, with an incidence of 0.1%, a rare female anomaly, which can appear with symptoms such as lower abdominal pain, primary amenorrhea, dysuria, anuria, caused by retention of menstrual blood after the onset of menstruation. Generally urinary retention is caused by psychological conditions, drug effect, infection or congenital anomaly causing acute urinary obstruction. We experienced a patient with symptoms of acute urinary retention, suggesting acute urinary obstruction. The cause for the retention turned out to be an imperforated hymen, which should therefore be mentioned in the literature as a possible cause in cases suspected of urinary retention.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.631-640
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• 2020

Purpose: This study aimed to examine premenstrual symptoms (PMS) of shift nurses and identify the association between PMS, sleep, and occupational stress. Methods: This study was conducted with a secondary data analysis that used data from the Shift Work Nurse's Health and Turnover study. The participants were 258 nurses who were working in shifts including night shifts. PMS, sleep patterns (sleep time and sleep time variability), sleep quality, and the occupational stress of each participant were measured using the Moos Menstrual Distress Questionnaire, a sleep diary, an actigraph, the Insomnia Severity Index, and the Korean Occupational Stress Scale, respectively. Data were analyzed using SPSS 23 and STATA 15.1 to obtain descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation coefficients, multiple linear regression with generalized estimating equations (GEE) and Baron and Kenny's mediating analysis. Results: The average PMS score, average sleep time, average sleep time variability, average sleep quality score, and average occupational stress score of the participants was 53.95 ± 40.45, 7.52 ± 0.89 hours, 32.84 ± 8.43%, 12.34 ± 5.95, and 49.89 ± 8.98, respectively. A multiple linear regression analysis with GEE indicated that sleep time variability (B = 0.86, p = .001), and sleep quality (B = 2.36, p < .001) had negative effects on nurses' PMS. We also found that sleep quality had a complete mediating effect in the relationship between occupational stress and PMS. Conclusion: These findings indicate that both sleep time variability and sleep quality are important factors associated with PMS among shift work nurses. To improve shift nurses' PMS status, strategies are urgently needed to decrease sleep time variability and increase sleep quality.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.37-45
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of hand acupuncture for reduction of dysmenorrhea. 71 female middle school and high school students were selected as subjects from April to May 2001, among which 38 students consisted of the experimental group while 22 students were the control group by convenient assignment. The experimental group participated in hand acupuncture treatment. The experimental treatment was to puncture corresponding points(A4, A5, J1, J3, J23, H2, F7) on both the palm and back of a hand with disposable acupuncture needles and to remove needles after 20-30 minutes' recess during which the subjects reposed themselves on bed. The collected data were processed using the SPSS PC Program and analyzed using $X^2test$ and The results of this study were as follows 1. The symptoms of premenstrual syndrome have decreased, but no significant differences were statistically observed between hand-acupunctured group and non-hand acupunctured group. 2. Subjective pain degree has decreased after hand acupuncture. 3. As for objective pain degree, a significant reduction in voice change was observed between two groups. Facial expressional changes and perspiration degree reduced but showed no significant statistically changes between two groups. 4. Comfort has increased after hand acupuncture. These results suggest that the hand acupuncture therapy works effectively on easing menstrual pain and symptoms as well as partially on reducing discomfort. It is particularly efficacious for a reduction in subjective pain and facial expressional changes in positive respect. Therefore the hand acupuncture therapy can be considered as an independent nursing intervention for dysmenorrhea reduction.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.13-20
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• 2019

Objectives : The aim of this study is to investigate the use experience of other medical institution of outpatients of Korean medical institution. Methods : Cross-sectional study using the 2017 Korean Medicine Utilization and Herbal Medicine Consumption Survey was conducted. Demographic variables and frequent diseases were analyzed according to the experience of using other medical institutions. The proportions of experience of using other medical institutions of patients with frequent diseases of Korean medical outpatient were analyzed. Results : Fifty-three percent of outpatient had experiencing using other medical institutions for the same symptoms. The frequent diseases of the two groups were similar. The proportion of single use of Korean medicine for injury of lumbar and pelvic, rhinitis, and menstrual disorders were relatively high. Conclusions : There was no notable difference in the frequent diseases according to use experience of other medical institution. Further studies on this topic are needed.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.99-110
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• 2008

Purpose: Premenstrual syndrome(PMS) is a collection of physical, psychological and emotional symptoms related to a women's menstrual cycle. The symptoms are related with Autonomic Nervous system. The purpose of this study is to investigate the activity of Autonomic Nervous system in women with premenstrual syndrome(PMS) by using Heart Rate Variability(HRV). Methods: We studied 26 patients visiting ㅇㅇ hospital from 26th December 2005 to 26th April 2006. Activity of Autonomic Nervous system was assesed by means of Heart Rate Variability(HRV). The subjects were categorized in two groups, PMS group(10) and non-PMS group(16). We studied the difference of HRV between two groups by Mann-Whitney U-test using SPSS for windows (version 12.0). Results: SDNN of PMS group was non-significantly lower than non-PMS group. RMS-SD of PMS group was significantly lower than non-PMS group. Mean PR of PMS group was non-significantly higher than non-PMS group. TP, VLF, LF, HF norm of PMS group was non-significantly lower than non-PMS group. HF of PMS group was significantly lower than non-PMS group. LF norm, LF/HF ratio of PMS group was non-significantly higher than non-PMS group. Conclusion: The results suggest that PMS can be related to decreased activity of parasympathetic nervous system. HRV can be useful to diagnose PMS. The more studies to diagnose PMS would be needed.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.109-120
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• 2013

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to report the effects of oriental medicine on 2 patients with premature ovarian failure. Methods: The patients who had amenorrhea caused by premature ovarian failure were treated by oriental medicine such as herb medication, acupuncture and moxibustion. We evaluated the results of treatments by change of symptoms, serum hormone assay, basal body temperature and Kupperman's Index. Results: After oriental medicine, the patients could have their normal menstrual cycle. Also serum hormone assay, basal body temperature and Kupperman's Index were improved. Conclusions: This study shows that oriental medicine has effects on patients with premature ovarian failure. And serum hormone assay, basal body temperature and Kupperman's Index would be valid measurement to evaluate the effect of treatments for premature ovarian failure.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.368-376
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the current urinary incontinence states in women above middle age dwelling in rural areas and their coping with the problems. Methods: The participants were 261 women above middle age. Data were collected from February to May, 2012 using a structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed with the SPSS/WIN 20 program. Results: The frequency of urinary incontinence in women above middle age was 45.4%. There were significant differences in urinary incontinence due to age, education, job status, frequency of delivery, and menstrual status. And, there were significant relations among urinary symptoms, difficulty of ADL, incontinence stress and depression. Frequently used coping-methods with urinary incontinence were washing frequently in order to avoid awful smell, paying attention to perineal cleaning, and going to restroom frequently. Conclusion: Community nurses who are in charge of primary health care ought to assess urinary incontinence and develop a urinary incontinence program that includes psychological and social factors.