• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.139-148
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• 2009

The present study was conducted for analyzing changes in physique of at menarche of athletic and non-athletes. The maximum growth age of height and weight during menarche was not different between non-athletes and the athletes. Second, among non-athletes, those who had menarche late were taller and heavier than those who did early, and among the athletes, those who had menarche late were taller but lighter. The development rate of height was higher and the development duration was longer in the athletes than in the non-athletes. The development rate of weight was similar between the non-athletes and the athletes, but the maximum rate was higher in the athletes.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.415-423
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• 1995

In order to investigate the relationship between the menarche and the bone maturity of growing girls, the author interviewed about the date of menarche of 70 girls and assessed their bone maturity by hand-wrist radiographs. The results and conclusion were as iollows ; 1. The mean menarcheal age was $12.04{\pm}0.82$ year. 2. There was significant correlation between the time interval after menarche and the ossification stage. 3. The skeletal maturation level at menarche was stage SMI 7 and SMI 8. 4. There was statistically different among the time intervals after menarche according to the ossification stage. 5. The epiphyseal union of radius began about 2 years after menarche. According to this study, the probability of clinical use can be accepted in some range. In another words, skeletal age can be predicted by just interviewing the date and time interval of menarche without hand-wrist radiograph, also, with this information, the level of maxillofacial growth can be assessed.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.64 no.2
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• pp.86-92
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• 2021

Background: Anemia is an important health problem affecting approximately 25% of the global population. Although its prevalence is decreasing worldwide, few studies have examined the prevalence of anemia in Korean adolescents. Purpose: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of anemia in Korean adolescents over the past 21 years using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Methods: We investigated the prevalence of anemia in adolescents aged 10-18 years for the period 1998-2018 according to sex, age, residential area, and household income. The effects of menarche age and menstruation were examined in female adolescents for the period 2001-2018. Results: Among the total 11,782 participants, the weighted prevalence of anemia was 4.0%. The prevalence of anemia in male participants significantly decreased (from 3.0% to 0.5%, P<0.001), whereas that in female participants did not change significantly over time (from 7.9% to 8.5%, P=0.054). The average age at menarche was 12.4±0.0 years; the prevalence of anemia in females increased from age 13 years onward. Multivariate analysis revealed that anemia was more common in female than male participants (odds ratio [OR], 9.88; 95% confidence interval [CI], 7.19-13.57; P<0.001). In female adolescents, the prevalence of anemia increased with age (OR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.15-1.38, P<0.001) and was 3.6 times higher after than before menarche (OR, 3.65; 95% CI, 2.21-6.05, P<0.001). Conclusion: Over the 21-year study period, the prevalence of anemia decreased among male adolescents but did not change in female adolescents. In female adolescents, age and menarche were identified as significant risk factors that require continued attention.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.148-155
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• 2005

Purpose: This study was to provide preliminary data for menstrual education and research for the early adolescents. Methods: Participants were 320 middle school students in Gangreung city. Data collection was done from May 1 to May 30, 2004 by self administered questionnaires. Results: In recollecting of menarche experiences, students felt more negative (happy 18.5%, confused 72.6%, embarrassed 82.2%, angry 38.1%, proud 26.2%, excited 15.6%, surprised 54.7%). For menarche preparation, there was a low level of explanations & knowledge of menstruation, and preparedness for menarche. Key informants regarding menstruation experiences were the mother and school teacher. The mean age of menarche was 12.3years old. 66.6% had premenstrual symptoms, and the mean score of VAS for dysmennorrhea was 4.50. Significant variables related to the VAS score were embarrassed of menarche experience(F=3.38, p=.019), preparedness for menarche(F=2.86, p=.038), and premenstrual symptoms(t=63.36, p.000), Conclusion: Preparation for a positive menarche experience prior to menarche is necessary. More active menstrual education should be given for early adolescents in the school and family setting. Replication studies in other regions and developing a menstrual education program is recommended. Systematic examinations of perimenstrual discomforts for early adolescents should be followed.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.64 no.1
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• pp.12-20
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• 2021

The mean age at menarche (AAM) of Korean females has been rapidly decreasing over the last 50 years; currently, the prevalence of early menarche (<12 years) is 22.3%. Female adolescents who experience early menarche are known to be at greater risk of psychosocial and behavioral problems along with several physical health problems such as menstrual problems. They also tend to achieve a shorter final height and develop obesity. Population-based Korean studies have shown a strong association between early menarche and the risk of obesity, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, diabetes, breast cancer, and cardiovascular disease in adulthood. Although the exact mechanism of how early menarche causes cardiometabolic derangement in later adulthood is unknown, childhood obesity and insulin resistance might be major contributors. Recent studies demonstrated that an excessive consumption of fructose might underlie the development of obesity and insulin resistance along with an earlier AAM. A positive association was observed between sugar-sweetened beverages (a major source of fructose) intake and obesity, metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, and cardiometabolic risk in Korean females. In pediatrics, establishing risk factors is important in preventing disease in later life. In this regard, early menarche is a simple and good marker for the management of cardiometabolic diseases in adulthood. Decreasing one's fructose intake might prevent early menarche as well as the development of obesity, insulin resistance, and cardiometabolic diseases.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.64-72
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• 2009

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to identify Korean primary school students' knowledge of menstruation, their emotional reaction to menarche, the attitude toward menstruation and coping behaviors. Method: A cross-sectional survey design was employed in this study. The subjects were 200 female students who were recruited from 5th and 6th grade in five primary schools in J city, Korea. Data was collected by a structured questionnaire. Result: About forty-four percent of the subjects had experiences with menarche. The mean age of menarche was 12.4. The mean score of the students' knowledge of menstruation was 2.26 on a seven point scale. The mean scores of the emotional reaction to menarche and the attitude toward menstruation were 3.20 and 3.74 on a five point scale, respectively. Knowledge of menstruation was significantly related with a positive emotional reaction to menarche and a positive attitude toward menstruation. Also, there were significant differences in the knowledge of menstruation, the emotional reaction to menarche and attitude of menstruation among female students with positive coping behaviors and those without positive coping behaviors. Conclusion: Beyond the simple transference of knowledge, girls need to also be given mental and emotional support in order to minimize emotional and socio-psychological problems caused by early menarche.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.59-66
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• 2023

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of body weight status and sleep duration on the discrete-time hazard of menarche in Korean schoolgirls using multiple-point prospective panel data. Methods: The study included 914 girls in the 2010 Korean Children and Youth Panel Study who were in the elementary first-grader panel from 2010 until 2016. We used a Gompertz regression model to estimate the effects of weight status based on age-specific and sex-specific body mass index (BMI) percentile and sleep duration on an early schoolchild's conditional probability of menarche during a given time interval using general health condition and annual household income as covariates. Results: Gompertz regression of time to menarche data collected from the Korean Children and Youth Panel Study 2010 suggested that being overweight or sleeping less than the recommended duration was related to an increased hazard of menarche compared to being average weight and sleeping 9 hours to 11 hours, by 1.63 times and 1.38 times, respectively, while other covariates were fixed. In contrast, being underweight was associated with a 66% lower discrete-time hazard of menarche. Conclusions: Weight status based on BMI percentiles and sleep duration in the early school years affect the hazard of menarche.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.54 no.5
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• pp.201-206
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• 2011

Purpose: Westernized eating habits have been associated with earlyage menstruation, which increases the incidence of dysmenorrhea and premenstrual syndrome among adolescent girls. We therefore surveyed changes in menarche timing and the general menstrual characteristics of adolescent girls in Seoul, Korea. Methods: We surveyed 538 teenage girls who visited our hospital between July and November 2007. Items explored included age at menarche, general menstrual characteristics, occurrence of premenstrual syndrome and treatment thereof, and an association between present dysmenorrhea and a family history of the condition. Results: Average age at menarche was 12.6 years, with 29% (n=156) subjects beginning menstruation at age 12 years. The prevalence of dysmenorrhea was 82% (n=435). The main symptoms were abdominal (53.2%) and lower back pain (34.2%), and 15.2% of girls who experienced such symptoms required medication. Present dysmenorrhea, and a family history thereof, were statistically correlated (P<0.05). In addition, 58.8% (n=316) of teenage girls had symptoms of premenstrual syndrome. The most frequent psychological symptoms were fatigue (36.4%) and nervousness (38.7%), whereas the most common physical symptom was menstrual cramps (46.5%). Most subjects (87.6%) tolerated the symptoms of premenstrual syndrome without medication; 11.4% took medicines including painkillers; but only 0.1% of subjects visited a doctor. Conclusion: The average age at menarche in Korean girls was 12.6 years, thus younger than in the past. Most teenage girls experienced dysmenorrhea and premenstrual syndrome, but few consulted a doctor. Organized treatment plans are required to manage menstrual problems in teenage girls.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.13 no.2 s.55
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• pp.255-268
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to identify the physical characteristics of early adolescent girls by age. A total of 529 girls aged between 10 and 14 were measured and data were collected from 42 anthropometric and 41 photographic measurements per a person. SAS 8.1 was used in data analysis including means, standard deviations, t-test, Duncan test and frequency analysis. The results of this study are as follows. Most items related to height and length increased significantly at the age of $10\sim11$ and the growth slowed down at the age of $13\sim14$. As for items related to circumference, the growth rate was high at the age of $11\sim12$, and gradually slowed down afterward. Out of circumference items, hip circumference showed the highest growth rate. As for items related to thickness and width, thickness-related items grew quickly at the age of $10\sim12$, and among which bust thickness showed the highest growth rate. As for drop, the difference between hip circumference and waist circumference was most remarkable, but the difference between hip circumference and bust circumference was not large. The largest number of subjects had their menarche during the age of $11\sim12$ and, after menarche, their horizontal growth became active.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.7-15
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• 1976

The author have studied the relationship between the maximum puberal growth stage in body height and the appearance of the adductor sesamoid of the thumb with wrist x-ray films. In addition to this, it has been investigated the age at which pubic hair appeared in boys, and the age at menarche in girls. The results were as follows: 1) The ossification of the adductor sesamoid of the thumb occured at 13-years-o-month in boys and 10-years-8-months in girls. 2) There was a close association between the age at maximum puberal growth in body height and the age when ossification of the adductor sesamoid of the thumb occured, and also in girls, the age at the menarche. 3) Appearance of the adductor sesamoid of the thumb indicated that maximum puberal growth in body height is imminent or has been reached. 4) The maximum puberal growth in body height occured 23 months earlier in girls than in boys, and ossification of the adductor sesamoid of the thumb 28 months earlier in girls. 5) Appearance of the pubic hair in boys was of no value for prediction of maximum puberal growth in body height. 6) Menarche is a reliable indication that the maximum puberal growth in body height has been reached or passed.