• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.19 no.5
• /
• pp.632-643
• /
• 2019

The purpose of this study was to determine the factors affecting the multicultural efficacy towards North Korean Refugees of Nursing Students. Data were collected 283 undergraduate students from July 2017 to December 2017. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation and multiple regression. The findings showed that study grade(p=.033), liberal arts in formal multicultural education experience(p=.009), membership of national identity(p=.001), and cognition(p=.049), consciousness (p=.008), behavior(p=.001) of cultural awareness were significant factors affecting multicultural efficacy towards North Korean Refugees of Nursing Students. The results of this study indicate that multicultural education and educational system related to North Korean Refugees should be establish in the curriculum to enhance the efficacy of nursing. This research is expected to provide a foundation for nursing students to perform their roles as competent cultural agents in society after graduation.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
• /
• v.44 no.1
• /
• pp.38.2-38.2
• /
• 2019

S0 galaxies are mostly known to be formed in dense environments from spiral progenitors. Recently, however, a new formation scenario has been suggested that field S0s can be formed from elliptical progenitors. The Sombrero galaxy (M104, NGC 4594) is a massive disk galaxy located in the field environment, and its morphological type has been controversial from Sa to E. Thus, it is an ideal target to test the new scenario. We trace the giant halo of M104 with globular clusters to test this scenario. From the wide images obtained with CFHT/MegaCam, we find a large number of globular clusters in this galaxy. We also confirm their membership by measuring the radial velocities from the spectra obtained with MMT/Hectospec. The color distribution of these globular clusters is bimodal, and blue (metal-poor) globular clusters are more spatially widely spread than red (metal-rich) globular clusters. This indicates that M104 hosts a giant metal-poor halo as well as an inner metal-rich halo. Combining this result with the fact that M104 is unusually massive and brighter than other spiral galaxies, we infer that M104 was indeed a massive elliptical galaxy that had formed a metal-rich halo by gas-rich mergers and a metal-poor halo by gas-poor mergers. In addition, we find young star clusters around the disk of M104, which shows that the disk formed after the spheroidal halos had formed. In conclusion, we suggest that M104 was originally a massive elliptical galaxy and was transformed to a lenticular galaxy by acquiring its disk later.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
• /
• v.55 no.1
• /
• pp.305-321
• /
• 2021

VIP marketing strategy is mainly applied to commercial companies. This study proposed a plan to provide preferential services to excellent users of public libraries by referring to VIP marketing strategies. For this purpose, we surveyed 210 university students in their 20s and measured their Reliability, Empathy, overall usefulness for preferential service. As a result, 'Issue special membership card', 'provide exclusive lounge', 'additional book loan' services had common effects on three measurement items. Through these research results, this practical study can be used as a reference when public libraries implement preferential services in the future.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
• /
• v.36 no.3
• /
• pp.13-20
• /
• 2020

The purpose of this study is to analyze the fuzzy pattern that is reflected on the inside of the value evaluator in measuring the economic value of architectural aesthetic using the fuzzy-contingent valuation method. The main results of analyzing the relationship between architectural aesthetic and fuzzy patterns by typing 307 fuzzy patterns collected from visitors at Dongdaemun Design Plaza are as follows: First, low levels of architectural aesthetic can be a primary cause of extreme refusal of payment. However, it was confirmed that the extreme refusal of payment could partially involve mentality of free-ride on public goods or mentality that would not give value to past events that are not future. Second, if the architectural aesthetic score is 77.5, the most perfect form of fuzzy pattern is formed. It is confirmed that the fuzzy form, which is the standard in the relationship between architectural aesthetic and money value, is made at 77.5 points. This means that it is most efficient to have 77.5 points of architectural aesthetic to secure balanced data by membership in the study of architectural aesthetic value measurement through fuzzy pattern. Third, according to the architectural aesthetic score, respondents can be interpreted as follows: no monetary willingness arises before or after 52.4, starts to respond to the amount before and after 65.6, severe conflict over payments around 70.6~71.7, stronger willingness to pay around 77.6, want to pay for sure around 80.0.

• The Southeast Asian review
• /
• v.27 no.4
• /
• pp.117-159
• /
• 2017

This study analyzed the driving factors of the enlargement process of ASEAN member countries from 1995 to 1999. The main research question is how can it explain the difference in the decision-making timing of countries wishing to join regional cooperation. This study focuses on why the countries that did not join ASEAN in the early years of ASEAN membership, since the mid - 1990s, and why they joined the different periods since the end of the Cold War. To this end, this study analyzed the accession process of Vietnam, Laos, Myanmar and Cambodia. The main argument of the study is that there is a time gap in the accession of ASEAN, but ultimately the regional cooperation is used to secure the legitimacy of maintaining the system. Most of the previous studies on the expansion of regional cooperation have discussed the expansion of regional cooperation in terms of macroeconomic changes such as international system change. However, this study focuses on the domestic political and economic situation of motivating individual member countries to join regional cooperation and this is complemented by a micro approach.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
• /
• v.13 no.5
• /
• pp.3-15
• /
• 2003

The secure group communication enables the members, which belong to the same group, to communicate each other in a secure and secret manner. To do so, it is the most important that a group key is securely distributed among them and also group membership is efficiently managed. In detail, the generation, the distribution and the refreshment of a group key would be highly regarded in terms of low communication and computation complexity. In this paper, we show you a new protocol to generate a group key which will be safely shared within a group, utilizing the 2-party Diffie-Hellman key exchange protocol and the complete binary tree. Our protocol has less complexity of computation per group member by substituting many parts of exponentiation computations for multiplications. Consequently, each group member needs constant computations of exponentiation and multiplication regardless of the group size in the protocol and then it has less complexity of the computation than that of any other protocols.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.131-136
• /
• 2007

Ad hoc networks enable efficient resource aggregation in decentralized manner, and are inherently scalable and fault-tolerant since they do not depend on any centralized authority. However, lack of a centralized authority prompts many security-related challenges. Moreover, the dynamic topology change in which network nodes frequently join and leave adds a further complication in designing effective and efficient security mechanism. Security services for ad hoc networks need to be provided in a scalable and fault-tolerant manner while allowing for membership change of network nodes. In this paper, we investigate distributed certification mechanisms using a threshold cryptography in a way that the functions of a CA(Certification Authority) are distributed into the network nodes themselves and certain number of nodes jointly issue public key certificates to future joining nodes. In the process, we summarize one interesting report [5] in which the recently proposed RSA-based ad hoc signature scheme, called URSA, contains unfortunate yet serious security flaws. We then propose new scheme by fixing their security flaws.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.135-144
• /
• 2003

An intrusion detection system shows different result over overall detection area according to its detection characteristics of inner detection algorithms or techniques. To expand detection areas, we requires an integrated detection which can be archived both by deploying a few detection systems which detect different detection areas and by combining their results. In addition to expand detection areas, we need to decrease the workload of security managers by false alarms and improve the correctness by minimizing false alerts which happen during the process of integration. In this paper, a method for aggregation detection use fuzzy inference to integrate a vague detection results which imply the characteristics of detection systems. Their analyzed detection characteristics are expressed as fuzzy membership functions and fuzzy rule bases which are applied through the process of fuzzy control. And, it integrate a vague decision results and minimize the number of false alerts by reflecting the characteristics of detection systems. Also it does minimize inference objects by applying thresholds decided through several experiments.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.20 no.12
• /
• pp.593-610
• /
• 2020

The purpose of this study is to explore how the collectivism of Koreans has changed or has not changed. Through in-depth interviews and FGI with the older and new generations, keywords that express Korean collectivism today were discovered. First, the collectivism of Koreans is defined as 'selective collectivism', which is based on a more compact group consisting of self-selected members rather than a given group as before. Second, with the development of technology, online collectivism, in contrast to offline collectivism, emerged. Online collectivism is based on communication using online technology, and is characterized by horizontal relationship based on anonymity and 24-hour connectivity that transcends time and space. Third, the most important factor that composes Korean collectivism was found to be 'Cheong', which was recognized as an unchanged aspect of collectivism. Lastly, for Koreans, the group is closely related to self-identity, and for this reason, Koreans are obsessed with the sense of belonging to the group membership and the relationship with the members. The implications and limitations of the study were discussed.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.751-758
• /
• 2021

Munitions must be analyzed to identify any risks for quality assurance in development and mass production. Risk identification for parts, compositions, and systems is carried out through failure mode effects analysis (FMEA) as one of the most reliable methods. FMEA is a design tool for the failure mode of risk identification and relies on the RPN (risk priority number). FMEA has disadvantages because its severity, occurrence, and detectability are rated at the same level. Fuzzy FMEA applies fuzzy logic to compensate for the shortcomings of FMEA. The fuzzy logic of Fuzzy FMEA is to express uncertainties about the phenomenon and provides quantitative values. In this paper, Fuzzy FMEA is applied to the failure mode of a rotorcraft landing system. The Fuzzy rule and membership functions were conducted in the Fuzzy model to study the RPN in the failure mode of a landing system. This method was selected to demonstrate crisp values of severity, occurrence, and detectability. In addition, the RPN was obtained. The results of Fuzzy FMEA for the landing system were analyzed for the RPN and ranking by fuzzy logic. Finally, Fuzzy FMEA confirmed that it could use the data in quality assurance activities for rotorcraft.