• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.337-342
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• 1997

In order to compare methods of making a mead and a melomel, changes of alcohol contents, reducing sugar, soluble solids, pH and total acidity during fermentation of a mead and Japanese plum melomel was investigated. Fermentation rate of the melomel were much faster than the mead. Reducing sugar and soluble solids were continuously decreased until the 16th day of fermentation, while alcohol contents were increased continuously during the same period. After fermentation of 21 days, alcohol contents of the mead was reached 7.6%, while that of the Japanese plum melomel reached 12.4%. pH and total acidity were not changed considerably during the whole fermentation period. Clear honey wines with transmittance of 99.4% were obtained by membrane filtration. In conclusion, the method of making melomel using the osmotically extracted fruit juice with honey was found to be more advantageous than the method of making a simple mead.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.1330-1336
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• 1999

Effects of clarification and aging of honey wine(mead) and fruit honey wine(melomel) were investigated. Among the clarifiers tested, 'kaki shibu' and 'sake light' were effective in clearing honey wine. Clear honey wine with more than 90% light transmittance was obtained by treatment with $0.05{\sim}0.1%$ of 'kaki shibu' and 'sake light' for 2 days. Higher concentration of these clarifying agents was needed for the clarification of fruit honey wines. Treatment with 0.5% of 'sake light' and $0.05{\sim}0.1%$ of 'kaki shibu' for 4 days was effective for clearing Tangerine honey wine and Japanese apricot honey wine. Though Hunter L-values of honey wines decreased a little bit by using clarifiers, their light transmittance became more than 98% after ultrafiltration. As the content of soluble solid in mash at the beginning of fermentation increased, the content of acetaldehyde, n-propyl alcohol, n-butyl alcohol and iso-amyl alcohol of honey wine increased during aging, while the content of iso-propyl alcohol decreased. During the aging of honey wines, the sensory quality of them became milder as the amount of acetaldehyde and fusel oil decreased. Among more than twenty different volatile flavor components detected from honey wines, 1-phenyl ethyl alcohol, benzyl alcohol, 2-phenyl ethyl alcohol, octacosane and triacotane were identified as the major components for the flavor of honey wines. Sensory evaluation of the honey wines indicated that the melomel made with Japanese apricot was better than the Tangerine melomel in the aspects of taste, flavor, color and the overall acceptability. Tangerine melomel was even inferior to honey wine(mead).

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.1044-1049
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• 1999

Fermentation characteristics for the production of honey wine (mead and melomel) was investigated. Among the yeast strains tested, Saccharomyces bayanus showed higher alcohol production and better fermentability than the other strains at low temperature. Optimum pH and temperature for the production of honey wine by Saccharomyces bayanus were pH 4.0 and $20^{\circ}C$, respectively, and optimum soluble solid content of diluted honey solution for the fermentation was between 24 and $27^{\circ}Brix$. Total acidity and pH of honey wine (mead) did not change considerably during the whole period of fermentation, but those of Tangerine and Japanese apricot honey wine (melomel) changed during the fermentation. As the fermentation progressed, reducing sugar decreased continuously until the late period of fermentation, while alcohol content increased continuously during the same period. After fermentation of 21 days, honey wine consisted of about $8.5{\sim}9.1^{\circ}Brix$ of soluble solid, $1.90{\sim}2.32%$ of reducing sugar with the conversion rate of $90{\sim}92%$. After 21 days of fermentation, alcohol contents of mead fermented with polyflower and acasia flower were 13.3 and 13.7%, respectively. Final alcohol content was not affected significantly by the source of honey. While pH of the osmotically extracted fruit honey juice decreased rapidly to pH $2.92{\sim}2.97$ after 13 days of fermentation, total titratable acidity of Tangerine and Japanese apricot honey wine were 0.30 and 0.53%, respectively. After 13 days of fermentation, reducing sugar of fruit honey wines were reduced to $2.03{\sim}2.87%$, alcohol content were reached up to 13.1 and 12.5% for Tangerine and Japanese apricot honey wine, respectively. Generally, honey extracted fruit juices were fermented more efficiently than diluted honey juice.