• 생명과학회지
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• 제17권6호통권86호
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• pp.873-875
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• 2007

Effects of hot-water extract from Sasa quelpaertensis leaf (HWES) on melanogenesis were investigated in B16/F10 mouse melanoma cells. HWES inhibited cellular tyrosinase activity and melanin biosynthesis in a dose-dependent manner. Western blotting analysis showed that HWES dose-dependently inhibited tyrosinase and tyrosinase related protein-1 expression. Also, HWES suppressed sustained ERK activation in a concentration-dependent manner, suggesting that HWES inhibits the melanin biosynthesis through the suppressive effect against pathway involving sustained ERK activation.

• 약학회지
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• 제52권3호
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• pp.165-171
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• 2008

To develop effective skin whitening agents, we tested natural herbal extracts for their melanogenic inhibitory activities. Sedum samentosum was selected for its inhibitory effect on melanogenesis in B16 melanoma cells. Ethanolic extract of S. samentosum (SSE) was evaluated for antioxidative effect and tyrosinase inhibitory activity of melanogenesis. We investigated the changes in protein level and mRNA level of tyrosinase, tyrosinase related protein (TRP)-1 and TRP-2 by using western blotting and RT-PCR, respectively. SSE showed scavenging activities of free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) with the $IC_{50}$ of 342.7 $\mug/ml$ against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and 64.69 $\mug/ml$ against superoxide radicals in the xanthine/xanthine oxidase system, respectively. SSE treatment suppressed the biosynthesis of melanin up to 46% and reduced tyrosinase activity up to 51% at 100 $\mug/ml$ in B16 melanoma cells. The tyrosinase activity and tyrosinase expression in B16 melanoma cells were reduced in a dose-dependent manner by SSE. Also, SSE was able to significantly inhibit tyrosinase and TRP-1 expression in mRNA level. These results suggest that SSE inhibited melanin production which may be dependent on tyrosinase activity and expression in B16 melanoma cells, and an effective whitening agent for the skin.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.114-121
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• 2023

The objective of this study is to evaluate the antioxidant components, elastase inhibition activities, and melanin synthesis rates of Korean traditional Actinidia (Actinidia arguta) fruits and leaves depending on the ethanol extraction concentrations. The total polyphenol content was the highest in the 50% ethanol extract of both fruits and leaves, with values of 634.1 mg GAE/100 g and 3,985.2 mg GAE/100 g, respectively. The total flavonoid content was the highest in the fruit 90% extract and leaf 50% extract at 191.9 mg/100 g and 2655.6 mg/100 g, respectively. The vitamin C content was the highest in the 50% extract of leaves at 2990.3 mg/100 g. Elastase inhibition was the highest at 56.9% in the leaf 50% extract at a concentration of 1,000 ㎍/mL. Melanin synthesis inhibition showed the highest melanin synthesis inhibitory effect among the extracts, as the leaf 50% extract showed an inhibitory rate of 65% or more. Therefore, the antioxidant components, elastase inhibition activities, and melanin synthesis inhibitory rate were better in leaves than in fruits. The leaf 50% extract was particularly the best among the extracts. Korean traditional Actinidia leaves can be considered as potential sources for new functional materials.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.81-84
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• 2004

천연물로부터 치은에 생성되는 멜라닌의 양을 효과적으로 조절하여 치은 미백을 목표로 하는 물질을 분리하고자 문헌에 소개되고 있는 미백 효과를 가진 전통한약을 비롯하여, 민간에서 사용되고 있는 약 100여 종의 고등식물을 대상으로 B-16 mouse melanoma cell lines에서 melanin 생성 억제 효과를 screening하였다. 그 결과 천궁의 methylene chloride 분획에서 활성을 나타내어 실험재료로 선택하여 2개의 화합물을 분리하였으며 각종 spectral data를 검토하여 linoleic acid methyl ester(1), 1,3-dilinoleoyl-2-stearoyl glycerol(2)로 구조를 규명하였다. 이들 화합물은 B-16 mouse melanoma cell lines에서의 melanin 생성억제 활성을 Kojic acid를 비교 물질로하여 측정하였다. 2종의 화합물 중 1,3-dilinoleoyl-2-stearoyl glycerol은 높은 활성을 보이지 않았으나 linoleic acid methyl ester는 Kojic acid에 비하여 강한 활성을 나타내었다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.42-49
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• 2018

Background: Ginsenoside F1 has been described to possess skin-whitening effects on humans. We aimed to synthesize a new ginsenoside derivative from F1 and investigate its cytotoxicity and melanogenesis inhibitory activity in B16BL6 cells using recombinant glycosyltransferase enzyme. Glycosylation has the advantage of synthesizing rare chemical compounds from common compounds with great ease. Methods: UDP-glycosyltransferase (BSGT1) gene from Bacillus subtilis was selected for cloning. The recombinant glycosyltransferase enzyme was purified, characterized, and utilized to enzymatically transform F1 into its derivative. The new product was characterized by NMR techniques and evaluated by MTT, melanin count, and tyrosinase inhibition assay. Results: The new derivative was identified as (20S)-$3{\beta},6{\alpha},12{\beta}$,20-tetrahydroxydammar-24-ene-20-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranosyl-3-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside(ginsenoside Ia), which possesses an additional glucose linked into the C-3 position of substrate F1. Ia had been previously reported; however, no in vitro biological activity was further examined. This study focused on the mass production of arduous ginsenoside Ia from accessible F1 and its inhibitory effect of melanogenesis in B16BL6 cells. Ia showed greater inhibition of melanin and tyrosinase at $100{\mu}mol/L$ than F1 and arbutin. These results suggested that Ia decreased cellular melanin synthesis in B16BL6 cells through downregulation of tyrosinase activity. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first study to report on the mass production of rare ginsenoside Ia from F1 using recombinant UDP-glycosyltransferase isolated from B. subtillis and its superior melanogenesis inhibitory activity in B16BL6 cells as compared to its precursor. In brief, ginsenoside Ia can be applied for further study in cosmetics.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.1278-1288
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• 2023

헤스페리딘(Hesperidin, HD)은 다양한 식물체에 존재하는, 강한 항산화 기능을 가진 대표적인 flavonoid의 일종이다. 본 연구에서는 수용성 HD인 Hesperidin glucoside(HDG)가 가지는 세포손상 회복, 항염증 인자억제 및 melanin 생성억제 활성을 세포수준에서 비교하였다. HDG는 HD에 당전이 효소반응으로 제조되었으며, HD에 비해 20,000배 이상 수용해도가 증가되었다. HaCaT 세포주에 대한 세포독성은 HDG가 HD에 비해 월등히 낮았다. HD와 HDG는 모두 자외선 조사된 HaCaT 세포에서 세포생존율 회복효과를 나타내었다. 또한 HD와 HDG는 세포내 산화질소(NO), 종양괴사인자-α(TNF-α) 및 인터루킨-6(IL-6)과 같은 염증 매개체 및 cytokine을 감소시켰으며, HD 보다는 HDG의 효과가 다소 우수하였다. Melanoma B16F10 세포주를 이용한 melanin 형성능과 tyrosinase 저해활성을 측정한 결과, HD와 HDG 모두 효과를 나타내었으며 HDG가 약간 우수한 결과를 보였다. 결론적으로, HD의 당전이체인 HDG는 HD에 비해 동등이상의 세포손상 회복, 염증성 매개체 및 cytokine 억제능과 melanin 형성억제능을 나타내었으며, HDG의 높은 수용성과 낮은 세포독성 등의 특성은 다양한 분야에서의 용도를 확대시킬 수 있을 것으로 보인다.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.129-144
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• 2003

Recently many efforts were focused to understand the mechanical insights of melanogenesis to develop the agents for hyper-pigmentation and hypo-pigmentation. In the melanin biosynthetic pathway, tyrosinase is the rate limiting enzyme, and ${\alpha}$-melanocyte stimulating hormone(MSH) or cAMP-elevating agents stimulate melanogenesis and enhance the melanin synthesis and the tyrosinase activity. The author has analyzed the effects of Rhizoma Bletillae on the basal melanogenic activities of B16／F10 mouse melanoma cells, and on the ${\alpha}$-MSH or forskolin-induced melanogenesis. Rhizoma Bletillae alone markedly suppressed melanin content and tyrosinase activity in a dose-dependent manner. Pretreatment of the cells with Rhizoma Bletillae also suppressed the increase of ${\alpha}$-MSH (100 nM) or forskolin (20 ${\mu}M$)-induced melanin content and tyrosinase activity. The decrease in the tyrosinase activity was paralled by a decrease in the abundance of tyrosinase protein and tyrosinase promoter activity. Pretreatment of the cells with Rhizoma Bletillae also inhibited the increase of forskolin(20${\mu}M$) induced the amount of tyrosinase protein and tyrosinase promoter activity. The results of DOPA staining revealed that pretreatment of the cells with Rhizoma Bletillae showed less intensity than B16 melanoma cells stimulated with ${\alpha}$-MSH or forskolin. These results suggest that Rhizoma Bletillae inhibits melanogenesis and abrogates ${\alpha}$-MSH and cAMP-induced melanogenesis in B16 melanoma cells.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.227-234
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• 2024

This study was designed to compare the whitening effects of 60% ethanol extracts of Trigonotis radicans var. sericea (TR) and Lactobacillus brevis-fermented T. radicans var. sericea (FTR). Measurement of cytotoxicity in B16-F10 melanoma cells to confirm the whitening effect, FTR showed higher cell viability than TR. FTR showed inhibitory activity on melanin contents similar to the normal group at concentrations of 50 and 100 ㎍/mL. MITF expression was used to confirm the effect on melanogenesis-related protein expression. TR and FTR showed significant concentration-dependent decrease, and FTR showed lower expressions than the normal group at concentrations of 25, 50, and 100 ㎍/mL. Additionally, the mRNA expression of melanogenesis-related genes (MC1R, Rab27a, TGF-β1 and Myo5a) were measured by RT-qPCR to confirm the whitening effect. In MC1R expression at a concentration of 100 ㎍/mL in FTR showed effective inhibitory activities, and in TGF-β1 expression, TR and FTR both showed effective activities compared to normal groups even at low concentrations. Results of myo5a and Rab27a, a similar pattern was shown, and FTR showed effective inhibitory activities at a concentration of 100 ㎍/mL. As a result, FTR had higher whitening effects through bioconversion and is expected to be a good material for whitening functional cosmetics.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제44권7호
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• pp.993-999
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 선정한 생약재 및 복합처방단의 ${\alpha}$-glucosidase 저해 활성을 알아보았으며, 이 방법이 미백 소재 스크리닝을 위한 유용한 평가법인지를 알아보았다. 한의학과 민간에서 당뇨의 개선 및 치료 효과가 우수하다고 알려진 생약재 및 처방 중 죽력, 귀전우, 적양, 연자육, 마인, 청심연자음의 ${\alpha}$-glucosidase 활성 저해 효과는 식후 혈당조절제인 acarbose와 비교하여 볼 때 우수한 효과를 나타내었다. 미백 효과가 알려진 연자육을 함유한 청심연자음 hydrolyzed EtOAc layer는 $100{\mu}g/mL$ 농도에서 약 50% 멜라닌 생성 저해 효과를 보였다. 또한 청심연자음 hydrolyzed EtOAc layer는 ${\alpha}$-glucosidase 활성 저해 효과가 우수하였으나 mushroom tyrosinase 활성 저해 효과는 나타나지 않았다. 이로써 청심연자음 hydrolyzed EtOAc layer는 ${\alpha}$-glucosidase 활성을 저해시켜 tyrosinase의 glycosylation을 저해함으로써 멜라닌 생성 억제 효과가 나타나는 것으로 생각된다. 이상의 결과로 볼 때 ${\alpha}$-glucosidase 활성 억제 효과가 있으면서 당뇨병에 효과가 있는 생약재들은 N-linked glycoprotein인 tyrosinase의 glycosylation을 저해하여 tyrosinase의 세포 내 이동이나 활성을 억제함으로써 멜라닌 생성을 억제할 것으로 사료되며, 본 연구에서 선정된 생약재들은 당뇨병 치료를 위한 목적뿐만 아니라 화장품에서 새로운 미백 소재로서의 활용가치가 있을 것으로 판단된다. 또한 미백에 효과가 있는 소재 스크리닝을 위해 현재 널리 사용되고 있는 mushroom tyrosinase 활성 저해 효과와 다른 접근 방법으로써 ${\alpha}$-glucosidase 활성 측정 방법도 하나의 평가법으로 유용할 것으로 생각된다.

• 약학회지
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• 제48권6호
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• pp.323-327
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• 2004

Whitening effect, which decreases the skin pigmentation, is the one of important targets in cosmetics. This study was investigated the effects of Scirpi rhizoma on ant ioxidation and melanogenesis. S.rhizoma is a rhizome of Scirpus fluviatilis G. a perennial Cyperaceae species of wide occurrence in Asia, Europe, Africa and North America. S.rhizoma shown scavenging activities of free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) with the IC50 of 638${\mu}g/ml$ against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and 21.7${\mu}g/ml$ against superoxide radicals in the xanthine/xanthine oxidase system, respectively. S.rhizoma treatment (48 h) suppressed the biosynthesis of melanin up to 27% and reduced tyrosinase activity up to 31% at 100${\mu}g/ml$ in B16 melanoma cells. S.rhizoma was also able to significantly inhibit tyrosinase and TRP-1 expres- sion in protein level. These results suggest that S.rhizoma inhibited melanin biosynthesis by regulating tyrosinase activity and expression in B16 melanoma cells. Therefore S.rhizoma may be useful as new whitening agent due to the antioxidant effect and the inhibitory effect against melanogenesis.