• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.57-77
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• 2003

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the depigmentation effects of Barley, Unpolished rice, Job's-tear. Metbods: We investigated that the extracts of Barley, Unpolished rice, Job's-tear inhibit activity of tyrosinase, the enzyme which convert ts 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) alanine to dopachrom in the biosynthetic process of melanin, the UV absorbance of the extracts in the UV-A region and UV-B region was measured by UV scanning, the effect of extracts on cell viability and melanin production in cultured B16 mouse melanoma cells were measured, and cytoprotective effects of extracts on PC12 cells injured by hydrogen peroxide measured by MTT assay. Results: The extracts of Barley, Unpolished rice, Job's-tear inhibited activity of tyrosinase in low density. The Barley, Job's-tear extracts not only showed inhibitory effects on melanin production in cultured B16 mouse melanoma cells, but also exhibited cytoprotective effects on PC12 cells injured by hydrogen peroxide in low density. Unpolished rice extract showed inhibitory effect on melanin production in cultured B16 mouse melanoma cells, but did not showed cytoprotective effect Barley, Unpolished rice, Job's-tear extracts did not showed an absorbance effect in the UV-A region and UV-8 region. Conclusions: These results suggest that Barley, Unpolished rice, Job's-tear inhibit melanin biosynthesis which is involved in hyperpigmentation and could be used as a whitening agent.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.65-72
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• 1998

In this study, we demonstrated the whitening effect of Lagenaria leucantha through the melanin biosynthesis of S bikiniensis and inhibition of melanogenesis in cultured Bl6 melanocytes. And we confirmed the whitening effect of Lagenaria leucantha through the depigmentation of gold fish in vivo. The melanogenesis of B$_{16}$ melanocytes was founded to be activated dose and time dependently by the treatment of u- MSH. When the B$_{16}$ melanocytes was treated with 200nM of $\alpha$-MSH, the morphology of melanocytes was remarkably changed. The melanin content and the synthesis of tyrosinase were strikingly increased. Lagenaria ieucantha inhibited the melanin formation stimulated by $\alpha$-MSH without affection of cell viability. However, Lagenaria leucantha didn't inhibit tyrosinase activity and showed weak suppression on the synthesis of tyrosinase. These results suggest Lagenaria leucantha might inhibit melanin formation with tyrosinase independent manner. Lagenaria ieucantha also inhibition melanin biosynthesis with 18mm inhibition zone in S.bikiniensis. To evaluate the inhibitory activity of melanogenesis of Lagenaria leucantha in vivo, we examined its effect on depigmentation of gold fish. Lagenaria ieucantha remarkably reduced the size and density of melanophores in gold fish. These results suggest that Lagenaria ieucantha can be used as a whitening agent in cosmetics.ics.s.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제21권9호
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• pp.21.1-21.8
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• 2018

In the present study, we first evaluated the melanin inhibitory effect of four crude 70% ethanol extracts separated from soft corals abundantly growing along the seawaters of Jeju Island, South Korea, including Dendronephthya castanea (DC), Dendronephthya gigantea (DG), Dendronephthya puetteri (DP), and Dendronephthya spinulosa (DS). Among the four ethanol extracts, the ethanol extract of DP (DPE) did not possess any cytotoxic effect on B16F10 cells. However, all other three extracts showed a cytotoxic effect. Also, DPE reduced the melanin content and the cellular tyrosinase activity without cytotoxicity, compared to the ${\alpha}-MSH$-stimulated B16F10 cells. Specifically, DPE downregulated the expression levels of tyrosinase and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor by activating the ERK signaling cascade in ${\alpha}-MSH$-stimulated B16F10 cells. Interestingly, the melanin inhibitory effect of DPE was abolished by the co-treatment of PD98059, an ERK inhibitor. According to these results, we suggest that DPE has whitening capacity with the melanin inhibitory effects by activating ERK signaling and could be used as a potential natural melanin inhibitor for cosmeceutical products.

• 생약학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.174-178
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• 2008

Melanin is a polymer of phenol which produces hyperpigmentation in the skin. Melanin synthesis is catalyzed by the enzyme tyrosinase. To investigate the whitening activity of the fractions from the ethanol extract of Enteromorpha linza, we studied the inhibitory effect on the tyrosinase activity and melanogenesis in the B16/F1 melanoma cells. The inhibition ratio of tyrosinase activity of ethylacetate fraction from E. linza was as strong as that of kojic acid, a positive control. Also, the melanin production was significantly inhibited by the ethylacetate fraction in a dose dependent manner. The ethylacetate fraction showed the highest activity in the fractions and as strong activity as that of arbutin, a positive control. From these results, we suggest that the E. linza extract might be able to apply to cosmetic and medical fields.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.874-879
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• 2008

Tyrosinase is a key enzyme for melanin biosynthesis, and hyperpigmentation disorders are associated with abnormal accumulation of melanin pigments, which can be reduced by treatment with depigmenting agents. The methanol extract of Lespedeza cyrtobotrya $M_{IQ}$ showed inhibitory activity against mushroom tyrosinase. The active compound was purified from the methanol extract of L. cyrtobotrya, followed by several chromatographic methods, and identified as dalbergioidin (DBG) by spectroscopic methods. The results showed that DBG exhibited tyrosinase inhibitory activity with an $IC_{50}$ of $20\;{\mu}M$. The kinetic analysis of tyrosinase inhibition revealed that DBG acted as a noncompetitive inhibitor. In addition, DBG showed a melanin biosynthesis inhibition zone in the culture plate of Streptomyces bikiniensis that has commonly been used as an indicator organism. Furthermore, $27\;{\mu}M$ DBG decreased more than 50% of melanin contents on the pigmentation using the immortalized mouse melanocyte, melan-a cell.

• 공업화학
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.348-353
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• 2005

천연물 중에서 사자발쑥과 인진쑥, 홍경천, 청국장, 된장 추출물로 미백효과를 측정하였다. 쑥 10 g에 300 mL의 에탄올로 상온에서 3 h의 초음파 추출을 진행하였다. 추출물을 차례로 같은 양의 헥산, 클로로포름, 에틸아세테트로 분배과정을 거쳤다. 홍경천 5 g에 150 mL의 메탄올을 첨가하고 상온에서 12 h을 냉침하여 얻은 추출물을 액체 크로마토그래피를 통과하였다. 제조용 컬럼($3.9{\times}250mm$, $C_{18}$, $15{\mu}m$)을 통하여 두개 부분의 분획물을 획득할 수 있었다. 청국장과 된장은 60% 에탄올을 사용하여 추출하였다. 티로시나아제 억제활성과 멜라닌 억제효과로 미백효과를 측정하였다. 쑥의 경우 항산화효과에서는 인진쑥의 물층, 멜라닌 억제 효과에서는 사자발쑥의 헥산층, 인진쑥의 클로로포름층이 우수하였다. 홍경천 추출물은 in-vivo melanin production ratio assay에서 melanin-a 세포를 사용한 결과 미백효과는 알부틴보다 우수하였다. 청국장과 된장의 60% 에탄올 추출물은 미백효과를 나타내지 않았다.

• 생약학회지
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.18-23
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• 2016

This study was conducted to investigate the tyrosinase inhibitory and melanin production inhibitory activity of the distilled water extract of Dendropanax morbifera leaf (DMW) and the fermented extract by Lactobacillus plantarum (DMF). DMF was prepared by inoculation of L. plantarum after the extraction procedure with distilled water. Fermentation for 48 hours at $37^{\circ}C$ is the most effective condition in this study. In DPPH radical scavenging ability, $SC_{50}$ values of the fermented DMF was $37.9{\mu}g/ml$ as a result of more effective than DMW extract ($52.6{\mu}g/ml$). Moreover, tyrosinase inhibitory activity of DMF showed higher activity than DMW. In nontoxic concentration range, DMF showed strong melanin production inhibitory effect in ${\alpha}$-melanocyte stimulating hormone-stimulated B16F10 cell. As a result, the fermentation of the distilled water extract of D. morbifera leaf by L. plantarum could be applicable to functional materials production for skin-whitening agents.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제34권9호
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• pp.1325-1329
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• 2005

유전자발현 조절 수준에서 멜라닌 색소 생합성 억제물질을 탐색하고자 지치 뿌리로부터 유용성 물질을 추출${\cdot}$분획하여 tyrosinase 프로모터를 지닌 B16 mouse melanoma cell에 처리한 결과 그 메탄을 추출물은 $10{\mu}g/mL$의 농도에서 약 $33\%$ 이상의 tyrosinase프로모터 활성 억제효과를 나타내었으며, 세포 활성능이 $100{\mu}g/mL$의 농도에서 약 $108\%$로 매우 안전하였다. 그리고 methylene chloride, ethyl acetate, butyl alcohol, 물 등의 용매 분획물들도 농도에 따라 차이는 있었지만 $100{\mu}g/mL$또는 $500{\mu}g/mL$의 고농도에서 tyro-sinase 프로모터의 활성을 억제하였다 또한, 지치 메탄올 추출물의 농도를 달리하여 3일 동안 처리하였을 때 멜라닌색소의 생성능은 $10{\mu}g/mL$와 $100{\mu}g/mL$의 농도에서 대조군 세포에 비 해 각각 약 $11\%$와 $24\%$로 크게 감소하는 결과를 보여주었다.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.137-145
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• 2013

In order to develop new skin whitening agents, we prepared the $CH_2Cl_2$ layer (NGC) and BuOH layer (NGB) of 75% EtOH extract of the Nelumbinis nucifera Gaertner. We measured their tyrosinase inhibitory activity in vitro and melanin synthesis inhibitory activity in B16-F1 melanoma cells. They did not show inhibitory activity against mushroom tyrosinase but showed melanin synthesis inhibitory activity in a dose-dependent manner. In a melanin synthesis inhibition assay, NGC and NGB suppressed melanin production up to 52% and 46% at a concentration of $100{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. To elucidate the mechanism of the inhibitory effects of NGC and NGB on melanogenesis, we measured the expression of melanogenesis-related proteins by western blot assay. As a result, NGC suppressed the expression of tyrosinase, tyrosinase related protein 1 (TRP-1), tyrosinase related protein 2 (TRP-2), phosphorylated cAMP responsive element binding (p-CREB) protein, and microphthalmia associated transcription factor (MITF). And NGB inhibited the protein expression of tyrosinase and MITF, but had no significant effect on TRP-1, TRP-2, and p-CREB expression. Moreover, NGB increased the expression of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK). In addition, we examined the inhibitory effect on the glycosylation of tyrosinase. As a result, NGC and NGB inhibited the activity of ${\alpha}$-glucosidase in vitro and the glycosylation of tyrosinase in B16-F1 melanoma cells. From these results, we concluded that NGC and NGB could be used as active ingredients for skin whitening.

• 대한한방피부미용학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.41-52
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• 2005

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Fructus Forsythiae on the melanogenesis. To determine whether Fructus Forsythiae methanol extract suppress melanin synthesis in cellular level, HM3KO human melanoma cells were cultured in the presence of various concentrations of Fructus Forsythiae methanol extract and the effects on cell proliferation, tyrosinase activity and melanin contents were examined. Treatment with Fructus Forsythiae methanol extract inhibited tyrosinase activity, regulate melanin biosynthesis as the key enzyme in melanogenesis, in a dose-dependent manner. And also suppressed melanin contents as a dose dependent manner without cytotoxicity morphological change. It was observed that the color of cell pellets was totally different from the control. These results suggest that the inhibitory effect of Fructus Forsythiae methanol extract on melanogenesis is due to the suppression of tyrosinase in HM3KO cells and Fructus Forsythiae is a candidate for an efficient whitening agent.