• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.383-389
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• 2015

In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effect on melanin synthesis of Ginkgo biloba seed oil. The results showed 9.96% inhibitory effect scavenging activity on DPPH and showed a value of 1.33 mM of $FeSO_4$ at a concentration of 0.06% in DMSO by using FRAP assay. G. biloba seed oil inhibited tyrosinase activity up tp 37.72% and suppressed the biosynthesis melanin up to 48.02% at 0.06% in B16/F10 mouse melanoma cell. In G. biloba seed oil treated group tyrosinase, TRP-1, TRP-2 and MITF gen expression levels significantly decreased compared to the contral group at a concentration of 0.04% and 0.06%. In conclusion, these results indicated that G. biloba seed oil extract have a good antimelanogenetic effects.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.183-188
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• 2008

Initial screening assay for depigmenting agents includes in vitro mushroom tyrosinase assay and antioxidant assay. Based on this screening result, melanin synthesis in melanocyte, in screened samples, is further measured. Measuring cellular melanin needs time, human resource, and skills. Therefore initial screening method should be reliable. We examined, 34 Chinese herbs, correlated the screening assay methods with cellular melanin. No reliable relationship was observed between factors, indicating the limitation in the use of these assays, probably due to the complexicity of melanogenesis.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.104-117
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• 2009

Objective : Melanin is one of the most important facor in skin color. Melanin protects human skin from ultraviolet radiation otherwise it causes melanin pigmentation. So this experiment is carried out for test whether Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi(SBG) inhibits melanin synthesis and tyrosinase activity in mouse B16 melanoma cells. Method : The melanin synthesis inhibition effects of SBG were examined by in vitro melanin production assay. We assessed inhibitory effects of SBG on melanin contents from B16F1 melanoma cell, on tyrosinase activity(cell and cell free system), effect of SBG on the expression tyrosinase, Microphthalmia-associated Transcription Factor(MITF), Extracellular signal-regulated Kinase(ERK). Result : SBG inhibited melanin synthesis induced $\alpha$-MSH($\alpha$-Melanin Stimulating Hormone) in B16F1. SBG inhibited tyrosinase activity and expression. And SBG down-regulates MITF and stimulated ERK activation in B16F1. Conclusion : According to above results, SBG was improved its suppression effect to the inhibition of melanin synthesis, tyrosinase activation, and tyrosinase promotor activation. So SBG is considered to be used for an strong source of skin whitening effect.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.1-13
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• 2007

Objective : This study was performed to assess the whitening effect of Bombysis Corpus on melanin synthesis. Methods : The whitening effects of Bombysis Corpus were examined by in vitro melanin production assay. We assessed inhibitory effects of Bombysis Corpus on melanin-release from B16F10, on melanin production in B16F10, on mushroom tyrosinase activity in vitro, on tyrosinase activity in B16F10, effect of Bombysis Corpus on the expression tyrosinase, TRP-1, PKA, ERK-1 ERK-2, AKT-1, MITF in B16F10. Results : 1. Bombysis Corpus inhibited melanin-release, melanin production in B16F10. 2. Bombysis Corpus inhibited tyrosinase activity in vitro and in B16F10. 3. Bombysis Corpus suppressed the expression of tyrosinase, TRP-1 in B16F10. 4. Bombysis Corpus suppressed the expression of PKA in B16F10. 5. Bombysis Corpus suppressed the expression of ERK-1, ERK-2, AKT-1 in B16F10. 6. Bombysis Corpus suppressed the expression of MITF in B16F10. Conclusion : The study shows that Bombysis Corpus inhibited melanin production on the melanogenesis.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.43-59
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was performed to determine the inhibitory effect of Persimmon Leaves extract (PL) on melanin synthesis in B16F10 melanoma cells B16F10. Methods: The inhibitory effects of PL on melanin synthesis were determined by in vitro assay. To elucidate inhibitory effects of PL on melanin synthesis, we determined the melanin release and melanin production in B16F10. And to investigate the action mechanism, we assessed the gene expression of tyrosinase, TRP-1, TRP-2, PKA, PKC${\beta}$, ERK-1, ERK-2, AKT-1, MITF in B16F10. Results: 1. PL inhibited melanin release, melanin production in B16F10. 2. PL inhibited tyrosinase activity in vitro and in B16F10. 3. PL suppressed the expression of tyrosinase, TRP-1, TRP-2 in B16F10. 4. PL suppressed the expression of PKA, PKC${\beta}$ in B16F10. 5. PL increased the expression of ERK-1, ERK-2, AKT-1 in B16F10. 6. PL suppressed the expression of MITF in B16F10. Conclusion: From these results, it may be concluded that PL is possesed of the antimelanogenetic effects.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.423-429
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• 2017

Hair color is determined by kind and amount of melanin. Melanocyte mainly synthesizes melanin from L-tyrosine by stimulation of ultra violet. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in greying hair. Polygonum multiflorum radix has been reported to inhibit the aging process that black color of hair is turned into grey color. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of Polygoni multiflorium radix ethanol extract (PMEE) on melanin synthesis related to black hair growth. In anti-oxidant experiment, PMEE decreased DPPH radical and increased reducing power, indicating that PMEE could eliminate ROS involved in greying hair. PMEE decreased cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, the effect of PMEE on the production of melanin was determined by DOPA assay and tyrosinase activity. PMEE increased tyrosinase activity and promoted melanin synthesis. In addition, the expression levels of tyrosinase, tyrosinase related protein-1 (TRP-1), tyrosinase related protein-2 (TRP-2) and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), as well as anti-oxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD-3) and catalase were examined using western blot analysis. The expression levels of SOD-3 and catalase were decreased due to the enhanced antioxidant activity of PMEE. In particular, PMEE increased the expression levels of tyrosinase and TRP-2. These results suggest that PMEE could promote melanin synthesis that involved in tuning gray hair into black hair.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.20-24
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• 2003

The purpose of this work was to study the effect of extracts from pharbitidis seed and watermelon's inner shell on tyrosinase activity. For this purpose, the effects of plant extracts on total melanin synthesis and tyrosinase activity were measured. The results showed that the extracts effectively inhibited the tyrosinase activity and total melanin synthesis. The non-cytotoxicity of the plant extracts was confirmed by MTT assay.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.59-75
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was performed to determine the inhibitory effect of Polygonum multiflorum(PM) on melanin synthesis in B16F10. Methods: The Inhibitory effects of Polygonum multiflorum(PM) on melanin synthesis were determined by in-vitro assay. To elucidate inhibitory effects of Polygonum multiflorum on melanin synthesis, we determined the melanin release and melanin production in B16F10. And to investigate the action mechanism, we assessed the gene expression of tyrosinase, TRP-1, TRP-2, MMP-2, PKA, PKC, ERK-1 ERK-2, AKT-1, MITF in B16F10. Results: 1. PM inhibited melanin-release, melanin production in B16F10. 2. PM inhibited tyrosinase activity in vitro and in B16F10. 3. PM suppressed the expression of tyrosinase, TRP-1 in B16F10. 4. PM suppressed the expression of PKA in B16F10. 5. PM suppressed the expression of ERK-1, ERK-2, AKT-1 in B16F10. 6. PM suppressed the expression of MITF in B16F10. Conclusion: From these results, it may be concluded that PM possesses the antimelanogenetic effects.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.151-167
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• 2003

Melanin biosynthesis is a human defense mechanism to protect skin from UV irradiation and also determines colors of hair and skin. However, as a interest on skin-whitening increases, researches to prevent pigmentation and hypersynthesis of melanin in skin are being actively in progress. Active components used as a whitening agent in cosmeceuticals are kojic acid, arbutin, vitamin C and hydroquinone. However, until now, because comparison researches among them in the aspect of both melanin formation and cellular toxicity have not been performed, we can't exactly estimate merits and defects of them as a whitening agent. To this end, we performed experiments to compare their effects on cell viability and melanin formation. As a first step, in vitro tyrosinase inhibition assay was done. While kojic acid and hydroquinone showed strong inhibition activities(their IC$\_$50/s are all < 100uM), arbutin and vitamin C showed weak activities. IC$\_$50/s of arbutin and vitamin C are 100uM and 400∼500uM, respectively. In B16BL6 melanoma cells, like in vitro tyrosinase inhibition assay, arbutin and kojic acid showed more strong inhibition effect on melanin synthesis than vitamin C. And unlike arbutin, vitamin C and kojic acid induced cell death at high concentration. Although arbutin showed no cytotoxicity, it has side effect to induce morphological change at high concentration.. In this paper, we suggest both kojic acid and arbutin have stronger ability to inhibit melanogenesis than vitamin C. And they also have side effect, that is, kojic acid induces cell death like vitamin C and arbutin changes cell morphology respectively.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.33-37
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• 2019

Background: This study was designed to investigate the potential effects of Galgeungyulpitang for whitening and elasticity treatment by examining its effect on melanoma cells. Methods: The effects of Galgeungyulpitang on B16/F10 melanoma cell viability, production of melanin, tyrosinase and elastase, were investigated. Cell viability was measured by colorimetric assay that assesses cell metabolic activity (MTT assay). Melanin was measured by Hosei's method, tyrosinase was measured by Yogi's method and elastase was measured by James's method. Results: At concentrations higher than $500{\mu}g/mL$ Galgeungyulpitang, cell viability was significantly reduced ($p{\leq}0.05$). At concentrations of $500{\mu}g/mL$ and lower, morphological changes were not observed. The rate of melanin synthesis was significantly reduced to $73.49%{\pm}2.92%$ at a concentration of $500{\mu}g/mL$ Galgeungyulpitang compared with untreated cells (p < 0.05). Extracellular tyrosinase production was not significantly decreased in vitro, however, intracellular tyrosinase production was significantly reduced to $76.06%{\pm}2.17%$ when treated with Galgeungyulpitang at a concentration of $500{\mu}g/mL$ compared with the control (p < 0.05). Elastase Type 1 production was significantly reduced to $74.98%{\pm}3.24%$ and $69.62%{\pm}4.66%$ at concentrations of 250 and $500{\mu}g/mL$ Galgeungyulpitang, respectively (p < 0.05). Elastase Type 4 production was significantly reduced to $72.77%{\pm}3.52%$ at concentrations of 250 and $500{\mu}g/mL$ (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The results in this study showed that Galgeungyulpitang may inhibit melanin and tyrosinase synthesis, and inhibit elastase production, suggesting that Galgeungyulpitang may be potentially beneficial for skin whitening and loss of skin elasticity treatments.