• Human Ecology Research
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.33-42
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to analyze the internal meanings of dolls and dolls' images expressed in modern fashion show. Dolls are used as sacred object, decoration object, playing object, personified object or cherished object. The expression types of doll image in modern fashion are as following; substitutes of multi-ego, object of sexual desire, objectified creature, and medium of transcending fantasy. First, dolls image as substitutes of multi-ego had been expressed in magical expression, disgusting mask, transparent mannequin, expressionless, horror, conflict, loss of identity, exaggeration or escapism. Second, as object of sexual desire, dolls image are expressed as naked baby, ambiguous expression, naked body, voluminous body, emphasized specific bodypart, heavy makeup or wax doll of sexy actresses. Third, as objectified creature, dolls are human body in passive form. Human bodies are disassembled and reassembled as dolls. Such dolls reflect serious reality. They wrap up human like product and objectify it. Fourth, dolls image expressed as medium of transcending fantasy recollects youth age or expresses imagination on ambiguous virtual reality. Like this, dolls have value as creatures in various fields of modern fashion. Dolls contribute a lot in creating important inspiration. Dolls also expose internal mentality and represent ego. Externally, dolls express human shape becoming more and more materialized and objectified by advancing scientific technology in digital capitalistic society.

• 공업화학
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2018

미세조류는 바이오연료 생산을 위한 가장 지속가능하고 장래성이 좋은 생산 원료로 여겨지고 있다. 하지만 최근의 몇몇 전과정평가 연구에 의하면 미세조류 바이오디젤 생산, 특히 배양 단계에 많은 에너지가 소요된다는 단점이 있다. 유기탄소, 질소 및 인과 같은 영양분, 그리고 배양에 필요한 용수 비용이 전체 배양 단계의 80%까지 이를 수 있다. 본 총설에서는 최근 미세조류 배양에 필요한 인공배지의 대체용으로 사용 가능성이 높은 하폐수, 유기비료 연소배가스, 유기성 폐기물 등에 대한 최근의 활용 경향과 사용 전략에 대하여 문한 조사를 통해 요약 및 고찰하였다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.367-374
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• 2000

The composition of dissolved gases and nutrients in a liquid medium were determined for establishment of the optimum conditions for in vitro culture of Helicobacter pylori. A microaerobic condition facored by the organism was prepared by adjusting the partial pressure of the gas, agitation speed, and viscosity of the medium. The gaseous concentrations were controlled by utilizing CampyPak Plus that reduced oxygen while augmenting carbon dioxide. Agitation of the broth facilitated the oxygen transfer to the cells, yet inhibited the growth at high rates. An increase of viscosity in the medium repressed the culture although this variable was relatively insignificant. The chemical constituents of the liquid broth were examined to establish an economic model for H. pylori cultivation. The microbe required a neutral pH for optimum growth, and yet was also able to proliferate in an acidic condition, presumably by releasing the acidity-modulating enzyme, urease. Cyclodextrin and casamino acid were investigated as growth enhancers in place of serum, while yeast extract unexpectedly inhibited the cells. A low concentration of glucose, the unique carbon source for the organism, increased the cell density, yet high concentrations resulted in an adverse effect. Under optimally dissolved gas conditions, the cell concentration in brucella broth supplemented with serum substitutes and glucose reached $1.6{\times}10^8$ viable cells/ml which was approximately 50% higher than that obtained in the liquid medium added with only cyclodextrin or serum.

• East Asian Economic Review
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.81-100
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• 2017

This study measures the degree of dollarization in North Korea using results from a survey of 231 North Korean refugees. Specifically, we compare foreign currency use of households as both store-of-value substitutes (i.e., asset substitution) and transaction substitutes (i.e., currency substitution) before and after the confiscatory currency reform of 2009. The degree of dollarization has advanced since the currency reform in terms of both asset and currency substitutions. Survey results also indicate that the Chinese yuan is frequently used in the Sino-North Korean border area, whereas the US dollar is predominantly used in non-border areas. Furthermore, foreign currency increasingly serves as a medium of exchange not only for large transactions but also for smaller transactions, such as food purchases.

• 복식
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.145-158
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• 2004

In modern art, body appears as artistic performer, material or producer. and is expressed as' social environment body' which is changed in the relationship with its society and culture. The correlation between body and clothing image appears in 'body as expression object' which directly borrows human body or sets up a section of human body, 'body as medium' in which clothing substitutes body, and 'body as image' in which image of body reappears along with clothing. The results of analysis are as follows : First, 'image of expansion and exaggeration' to expand the influence of clothing thereby disclosing illusion of material civilization prevalent in our society, and make metaphor of dwarfish human's lurking fear by transforming and exaggerating human body. Second, 'image of restriction and suppression' to express the loss of humanity, power and restriction of modern society with fixing and cruelty of body image through clothing which disregard body function. Third, 'image of open and fluidity to criticize the extinction of values of human existence and standardized figure of our society by reducing three-dimensional clothing and body to untypical form or introducing the image of absent of human body to clothing. Fourth, 'image of reversion and paradox' to express practical clothing object with unwearable material, or cause confusion of sex and identity by expressing dual aspects of body at the same time. In this study, which is focused on correlation between body and clothing and the meaning of them, I realized that, even though artistic clothing expressed image of distortion and deformation of human existence as essential subject of body, they, in most contents, were used as medium of communication to rediscover human dignity and identity, and consisted of a series of metaphoric network of meanings satirizing aspects of our society.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.113-119
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• 1999

This study was performed to improve the development of the in vitro fertilized bovine embryos by the condition of in vitro maturation. COCs were matured in TCM 199 supplemented with 0.1% PVA, 10ng/ml EGF, Hormones (5$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml FSH, 10 IU hCG, 1 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml estradiol 17-$\beta$) or granulsa cell+Hormones atmosphere 39$^{\circ}C$, 5% CO2, 95% air for 24hrs. Matured oocytes were fertilized with frozen-thawed semen capacitated with 5mM caffein in BO medium for 20 hrs. IVF embryos were cultured in TCM 199 containing with hormones(same as matured medium), 10% FBS and co-culture with bovine oviduct epitherial cells. Maturation rates of COCs were showed 73.8%, 78.5%, 83.2% and 87.6% respectively, and were significant differences between PVA, EGF, and Hormones, GC+Hormones(p<0.05). The cleavage rates of IVF embryos were revealed 72.5%, 78.4%, 82.3% and 84.2% and showed same tendency as maturation rates(p<0.05). The blastocysts matured by above maturation condition and cultured for 7~10 days after fertilization had 34.4, 43.6, 52.3 and 59.3 cells had no differences among the treatments. These results suggest that high molecules as a substitutes of serum and growth factor may induce nuclear resumption of COCs but we need more study to produce transferable IVF blastocysts by use of that agents.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.45-55
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• 2005

The cubist collagists proposed radically different ideas about the nature of order, and about the nature of artistic space. The collage substitutes an order which is constructed on relationships for the more rigid order of traditional art. Collage presents new theories of communication with the viewer, of relationships and of signs. This paper is an investigation of these ideas and how they have been applied to Mies Van der Rohe's making of architecture: Barcelona Pavilion and Tugendhat house. Collage in Mies' works has been executed in a limited manner. In Mies' works, one can begin to recognize some basic traits of collage. Textures, forms, and fragments begin to interact with each other and exploit those principles of contrast and juxtaposition that give collage a value as an expressive medium. Many of the formal aspects of collage are readily apparent in much of the work which we see around use today, but we should look at the attitudes and beliefs upon which collage is built for a further understanding of how its principles can be applied.

• 대한방사성의약품학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.101-112
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• 2019

Herein, 2-nitroimidazole-fluorophore conjugates were synthesized by linking 2-nitroimidazole and FITC or RITC via thiourea bonds. The prepared derivatives were stable for 2 h in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) at 37 ℃. The novel conjugates were studied for their in vitro uptake under hypoxic conditions using U87MG and CT-26 cell lines, showing significantly higher uptakes in hypoxic than normoxic cells. Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed hypoxia in U87MG and CT-26 xenografted tumor tissues. Moreover, the prepared conjugates were evaluated by in vivo experiments after intravenous injection in U87MG and CT-26 xenografted mice. Hypoxia was confirmed by immunohistochemistry of the prepared derivatives with co-injected pimonidazole. Confocal microscopy of the prepared derivatives showed strong fluorescence in hypoxic tumor tissues correlated with the pimonidazole distribution. This suggested that the 2-nitroimidazole-fluorophore conjugates are promising optical imaging probes for tumor hypoxia and are promising substitutes for pimonidazole immunohistochemistry, which requires a multi-step procedure of incubation involving antibody, second antibody, dye, hydrogen peroxide, and multiple washing steps.

• 한국복식학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국복식학회 2003년도 International Costume Conference
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• pp.77-77
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• 2003

If we look closely to the power shift of the powerful countries historically. during the 16th century Spain's power came from gold, colony trade, the mercenary force, close relation with the thrown, 17th century Netherlands owes their power to trade, capital market, the marines, 18th century France owes it to population, agriculture, public administration, and the army. Also, England had their industry, political unity, finance and trust, the marines, liberalistic principles, a geographical merit of being an island which can be defended well and the 20th century America has their cosmopolitan culture, supernational communication, the capacity of the economy, science technology, military strength, alliances, liberalism international formation. But in the 21st century culture and art will prevail over the information age where technology and knowledge was the key, and it is predicted that this will be the source of power for a strong country. Rolfe Yesson, the head of The Copenhagen Research Center for future studies said, "Information age has ended and in the future Dream Society will arrive which focuses on making distinctions by delivering dreams and emotions to consumers". As cyberspace gradually substitutes reality, cyberspace has become more than an information search engine and has become a place where people fulfill their desires and exchange culture. And as a medium for diffusing culture, the importance of the digital dress-up avatar is predicted to increase gradually.gradually.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.28-32
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• 2002

A Micrococcus sp. producing catalase was isolated from soil, and a commercial-scathe cultivation and purification of catalase were conducted. The maximum catalase activity was about 103 BU/mL obtained after 46 hr of cultivation in a 30 L fermenter containing 2% glucose, 2% peptone, 4% yeast extract, and 0.5% NaCl. Soybean sauce, CSL (corn steep liquor), and yeast extract were also studied as media substitutes in the media 30 L fermenter. The optimum medium components for the production catalase were found to be 2% glucose, 4% soybean sauce, and 16% CSL. In a 18 kL fermenter, the stationary phase in the cell growth and maximum catalase activity (112 BU/mL) were reached after 46 hr of cultivation, which was the same result as in the 30 L fermenter. The catalase activity was purified with over 17 folds in four steps with a 33.6% yield. From 104,250 mg of protein after cell lysis, 1,966 mg of the purified enzyme with a specific activity of 192.7 kBU/mg was obtained. The residual activity with the addition of 10% NaCl exhibited more than 100%. The use of just NaCl produced a higher residual activity than combination of bencol (benzyldimethyl ammoniumchloride) and PG (propyleneglycol).