• Title/Summary/Keyword: medium composition.

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Effects of difference in medium composition on the growth of Lentinula edodes (배지조성에 따른 표고 톱밥재배의 생육 효과)

  • Lee, Kwan-Woo;Jeon, Jong-Ock;Kim, Min-Ja;Kim, Ik-Jei;Jang, Myoung-Jun;Park, Hye-Sung
    • Journal of Mushroom
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    • v.16 no.4
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    • pp.267-271
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    • 2018
  • This study was carried out to select the suitable for bag cultivation of Lentinula edodes. We investigated the optimal major materials and its mixing ratio in bag cultivation of L. edodes, 'Sanjo701ho' and 'Nongjingo'. The Suitable substrates for L. edodes bag cultivation were oak sawdust and douglas fir sawdust and rice bran mixed ratio 40:40:20(v/v). At the result, the period mycelial incubation shortened up to 13~18 days compared to the control. And Yield of commercial fruiting bodies was 17~19% higher than that in control. We expect that the cultivation period of L. edodes will be shortened, and the yield increased in the medium replaced half of oak sawdust by douglas fir sawdust.

Characterization of the Growth, Total Lipid and Fatty Acid Profiles in Microalga, Nannochloropsis oceanica under Different Nitrogen Sources

  • Mahdieh, Majid;Shabani, Salimeh;Amirjani, Mohammad Reza
    • Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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    • v.47 no.1
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    • pp.11-19
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    • 2019
  • The properties of microalgae as bioresources for biodiesel production can be improved by adding nitrogen sources into the culture medium. Thus, Nannochloropsis oceanica CCAP 849/10 was cultured in f/2 media supplemented with five different forms of nitrogen at $0.88mmol-N\;l^{-1}$ each: ammonium bicarbonate ($NH_4HCO_3$), ammonium sulfate ($(NH_4)_2SO_4$), sodium nitrate ($NaNO_3$), ammonium nitrate ($NH_4NO_3$), and urea. The cell density, lipid content, and fatty acid profile of the microalga were determined after 15 days of cultivation. The growth of N. oceanica based on cell number was lowest in the medium with $NH_4NO_3$, and increased significantly in the medium with $NH_4HCO_3$. Cells treated with $(NH_4)_2SO_4$, and $NH_4NO_3$ produced the highest total lipid contents (i.e., 65% and 62% by dry weight, respectively). The fatty acid profiles of the microalga were significantly different in the various nitrogen sources. The major fatty acids detected in cultures supplemented with $NH_4HCO_3$, $(NH_4)_2SO_4$, $NH_4NO_3$, or urea were C14:0, C16:0, C16:1, C18:0, C18:1, C18:2, C20:5, and C22:6. However, the C16:1 content in the $NaNO_3$-supplemented culture was very low. This study highlights that the nitrogen source can strongly influence lipid production in N. oceanica and its fatty acid composition.

Probing Organic Ligands and their Binding Schemes on Nanocrystals by Mass Spectrometric and FT-IR Spectroscopic Imaging

  • Son, Jin Gyeong;Choi, Eunjin;Piao, Yuanzhe;Han, Sang Woo;Lee, Tae Geol
    • Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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    • 2016.02a
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    • pp.355-355
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    • 2016
  • There has been an explosive development of nanocrystal (NC) synthesis and application due to their composition-dependent specific properties. Despite the composition, shape, and size of NCs foremost determine their physicochemical properties, the surface state and molecule conjugation also drastically change their characteristics. To make practical use of NCs, it is a prerequisite to understand the NC surface state and the degree to which they have been modified because the reaction occurs on the interface between the NCs and the surrounding medium. We report in here an analysis method to identify conjugated ligands and their binding states on semiconductor nanocrystals based on their molecular information. Surface science techniques, such as time-of-flight secondary-ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) and FT-IR spectroscopy, are adopted based on the micro-aggregated sampling method. Typical trioctylphosphine oxide-based synthesis methods of CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) have been criticized because of the peculiar effects of impurities on the synthesis processes. Since the ToF-SIMS technique provides molecular composition evidence on the existence of certain ligands, we were able to clearly identify the n-octylphosphonic acid (OPA) as a surface ligand on CdSe/ZnS QDs. Furthermore, the complementary use of the ToF-SIMS technique with the FT-IR technique could reveals the OPA ligands' binding state as bidentate complexes.

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Prediction of Carcass Fat, Protein, and Energy Content from Carcass Dry Matter and Specific Gravity of Broilers

  • Wiernusz, C.J.;Park, B.C.;Teeter, R.G.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.12 no.1
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    • pp.42-48
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    • 1999
  • Three experiments were conducted to develop and test equations for predicting carcass composition. In the first study using 52 d-old Cobb ${\times}$ Cobb male broilers, twenty four carcasses were selected from 325 processed birds based upon visual appraisal for abdominal fat (low, medium, high) and assayed for specific gravity (SG), dry matter (DM), fat, protein, and ash. In experiment 2, 120 birds were fed rations containing 2 caloric densities (2,880 and $3,200kcal\;ME_n/kg$ diet) and assayed as described above on weeks 2,3,4,5, and 6. Carcass fat was elevated (p < 0.05) with increased caloric density. In both studies predictive variables were significantly correlated with chemically determined carcass fat, protein, and ash contents. Pooled across the 2 studies, data were used to form SG, DM, and or age based equations for predicting carcass composition. Results were tested in experiment 3, where 576 birds reared to 49-d consumed either 2,880, 3,200, or $3,574kcal\;ME_n/kg$ diet while exposed to constant $24^{\circ}C$ or cycling 24 to $35^{\circ}C$ ambient temperatures. Both dietary and environmental effects impacted (p < 0.05) carcass composition. The fat content analyzed chemically was enhanced from 12.4 to 15.7%, and predicted fat was also elevated from 13.4 to 14.8% with increasing caloric density. Heat distress reduced (p < 0.05) analyzed carcass protein (18.9 vs 18.3%) and predicted protein (18.2 vs 17.5%). Predicted equation values for carcass fat, protein, ash, and energy were correlated with the chemically analyzed values at r=0.96, 0.77, 0.86, and 0.79, respectively. Results suggest that prediction equations based on DM and SG may be used to estimate carcass fat, protein, ash, and energy contents of broilers consuming diets that differ in caloric density (2,800 to $3,574kcal\;ME_n/kg$) and for broilers exposed to either constant ($24^{\circ}C$) or cycling high (24 to $35^{\circ}C$) ambient temperatures during 49-d rearing period tested in the present study.

Screening and Characteristics of Ethanol Tolerant Strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae SE211 (Ethanol내성 효모 Saccharomyces cerevisiae SE211의 분리 및 특성)

  • 서민재;유상렬
    • Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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    • v.30 no.3
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    • pp.216-222
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    • 2002
  • To Produce the modified Cheongiu that has high ethanol content, an ethanol-tolerant strain Saccharo-myces cerevislae SE2l1 was screened from Saccharomyces cerevisiae Kyokai No. 10 strain. The isolate showed faster growth than in the medium containing 10% ethanol compared with original strain. The isolate produced a higher concentration of ethanol and showed higher resistance to ethanol, high osmolarity and heat than the original strain. The analyses of yeast membrane components indicated that there were no significant changes in composition of sterols and phospholipids between the isolated and the original strain. However, during the fermentation, the iso-lated strain could change the fatty acid composition in the membrane more rapidly in the direction of decreasing membrane unsaturation and accumulate more trehalose in the cell than the original strain. These data suggest that the ability to change its membrane fatty acid composition and to accumulate trehalose may make the isolated strain easily adapt to changes in external condition.

Transparent Conductive Indium Zinc Tin Oxide Thin Films for Solar Cell Applications

  • Damisih, Damisih;Lee, Hee-Young
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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    • 2010.06a
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    • pp.208-208
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    • 2010
  • Indium zinc tin oxide (IZTO) thin films were studied as a possible alternative to indium tin oxide (ITO) films for providing low-cost transparent conducting oxide (TCO) for thin film photovoltaic devices. IZTO films were deposited onto glass substrates at room temperature. A dc/rf magnetron co-sputtering system equipped with a ceramic target of the same composition was used to deposit TCO films. Earlier studies showed that the resistivity value of $In_{0.6}Zn_{0.2}Sn_{0.2}O_{1.5}$ (IZTO20) films could be lowered to approximately $6{\times}10^{-4}ohm{\cdot}cm$ without sacrificing optical transparency and still maintaining amorphous structure through the optimization of process variables. The growth rate was kept at about 8 nm/min while the oxygen-to-argon pressure ratio varied from 0% to 7.5%. As-deposited films were always amorphous and showed strong oxygen pressure dependence of electrical resistivity and electron concentration values. Influence of forming gas anneal (FGA) at medium temperatures was also studied and proven effective in improving electrical properties. In this study, the chemical composition of the targets and the films varied around the $In_{0.6}Zn_{0.2}Sn_{0.2}O_{1.5}$ (IZTO20). It was the main objective of this paper to investigate how off-stoichiometry affected TCO characteristics including electrical resistivity and optical transmission. In addition to the composition effect, we have also studied how film properties changed with processing variables. IZTO thin films have shown their potential as a possible alternative to ITO thin films, in such way that they could be adopted in some applications where currently ITO and IZO thin films are being used. Our experimental results are compared to those obtained for commercial ITO thin films from solar cell application view point.

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Energy Efficiency and Nutrient Deposition in Early-Weaned Pigs, according to Fat Sources Containing Different Acidic Series

  • Bosi, P.;Jung, H.J.;Han, In K.;Cacciavillani, J.A.;Casini, L.;Mattuzzi, S.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.13 no.7
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    • pp.995-1002
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    • 2000
  • To evaluate energy efficiency and partition of nutrients, 32 piglets were weaned at 14 d of age and individually fed diets containing 15% fat from coconut oil (CO, medium chain saturated), high oleate sunflower oil (HOSO, n-9 series), soybean oil (SO, n-6 series), or linseed oil plus fish oil, (LF, n-3 series). After 4 weeks, the subjects were sacrificed to evaluate empty body composition and apparent ileal digestibility with the slaughter method. No statistical effect of dietary fat sources on growth was observed. The digestibility of fat from the coconut oil diet was higher than fats from the diets containing high levels of unsaturated fatty acids. The efficiency of use of metabolizable energy for growth averaged 63% and was not affected by the diet. Dietary fat composition was reflected strongly in backfat. Total body neutral and polar fatty acids were influenced too. For the whole body phospholipid fraction the ratio of n-6 to n-3 and the double bond index were 4.3, 5.8, 7.2, 0.78 and 69, 87, 89, 87 for CO, HOSO, SO, and LF respectively. These results show that for the coconut oil diet the degree of unsaturation of phospholipids in the body was lower and that, in the other diets, it did not differ, but double bond index was maintained with different n-6 to n-3 ratios in carcass fat. On the whole the data on body fat composition indicate that the dietary fat tended to be deposited in similar quantity in the body, whatever was the dietary fatty acid profile.

Fatty Acid Composition of Human and Cow's milk (인유(入乳) 및 우유(牛乳)의 지방산 조성에 관하여)

  • Yoon, Tai-Heon;Lim, Kyung-Ja;Kim, Eul-Sang;Chung, Wood-Kap
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.11 no.1
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    • pp.15-20
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    • 1982
  • The fatty acid composition of human milk was determined in 20 milk samples (ten colostrum and 10 mature) obtained at different stages of lactation. Human colostrum contained a lower percentage of total lipids than mature milk. In comparison with mature milk, human colostrum was characterized by a lower percentage of saturated fatty acids, a higher percentage of monounsaturated fatty acids and a higher percentage of extra-long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolites of both linoleic acid ($\omega$ 6 series) and linolenic acid ($\omega$ 3 series). The linoleic acid levels reported here are considerably higher than those reported previously in Korea. This shift has paralleled an increase in the use of vegetable oils in Korean diet. The human mature milk differed from marketing cow's milk in fatty acid composition, as it had a lower content of short-, medium-and long-chain saturated fatty acids and a higher content of long-chain monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids.

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The Effects of Surfactants on the Biosynthesis of Galactolipid and the Composition of Fatty Acids in Chloroplast Envelope rind Thylakoid Membrane of Chlorella ellipsoidea

  • Choe, Eun-A;Cheong, Gyeong-Suk;Lee, Cheong-Sam
    • Animal cells and systems
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    • v.2 no.3
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    • pp.341-349
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    • 1998
  • To analyze the effects of surfactants on the biosynthesis of galactolipid and the composition of fatty acids, the chloroplast envelope and thylakoid membrane were cultivated in medium treated with anionic surfactants, such as linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (0.002%, LAS), a-olefin sulfonate (O.01%, AOS), and sodium lauryl ether sulfate (0.08%, SLES), respectively. During the cultivation, the chloroplast envelope and thylakoid membrane were isolated from the cells collected at the early and middle phase of the culture and the contents of their fatty acid composition were compared with the control. When treated with surfactants, the contents of total lipid MDGD methylesters, and DGDG methylesters decreased significantly when compared with the control. It was also confirmed that more unsaturated fatty acids were involved in the biosynthesis of galactolipid. The fatty acids utilized in the biosynthesis of MGDG were in the chloroplast envelope and in the control, and linoleic acid in LAS, linolenic acid and oleic acid in AOS, and linolenic acid and oleic acid in SLES. The fatty acids in the biosynthesis of DGDG were linolenic acid and oleic acid in the control linolenic acid and stearic acid in LAS, oleic acid and linolenic acid in AOS, oleic acid and linolenic acid in SLES. In the thylakoid membrane, the major fatty acids in the biosynthesis of MGDG were linolenic acid and oleic acid in the control, oleic acid and linolenic acid in LAS, linolenic acid and linoleic acid in AOS, linolenic acid and palmitoleic acid in SLES. The fatty acids in the biosynthesis of DGDG were linolenic acid and oleic acid in the control, oleic acid and linolenic acid in LAS, linolenic acid and linoleic acid in AOS, palmitoleic acid and oleic acid in SLES.

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A Study on the Spatial Characteristics of Elderly Care Facilities in Gyeongnam- Province (경남지역 노인요양시설의 공간 특성에 관한 연구)

  • Yang, Kum-Suek
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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    • v.23 no.4
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    • pp.21-29
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    • 2021
  • The purpose of this study is to present the basic direction of the desirable spatial plan for elderly care facilities by analyzing the spatial characteristics of elderly care facilities in gyeongnam-province. As a research method, 189 elderly care facilities in gyeongnam-province were investigated for location conditions, site area, floor area, total floor area, and space composition. In addition, the area of each specific space was analyzed for two elderly care facilities with a typical floor plan. The results of the survey and analysis are as follows. First, the average number of people in the facility was 53.8, and the number of people in the facility needs to be planned to be medium or less so that they can live in a more comfortable environment in the future. Second, in the location type, it was found that many facilities were distributed in the order of suburban and rural type, urban type, mountain type, and waterfront type. In addition, in terms of facility space composition, the proportion of detached facilities was 50.8%. Complex facilities require a reasonable plan in consideration of the location type and other functional facility characteristics. Third, the average total floor area per person of elderly care facilities was 27.57m2. There is a limit to constructing a unique nursing space. In the composition of bedrooms, quadruple rooms account for 67.4%, but it is necessary to expand the proportion of bedrooms that can be used by fewer people.