• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.198-203
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• 1993

The cyst of Scrippsiella trochoidea from the surface mud in Masan Bay was germinated in the incubator for the culture. This species was one of dinoflagellates responsible for the early spring bloom in the southern coastal water of Korea. The culture experiments were carried out under the various gradients of environmental factors to know their effects on the population growth of this dinoflagellate. With respect to the effects of environmental factors on the growth, it was proved that the maximum cell growth was occurred at 4,000 lux of light intensity, salinity $30\%0$ and temperature $20^{\circ}C$. When 0.25ml/ml of the filtrates of Skeletonema costatum culture medium and the supernatants of soil extracts were added to growth medium as organic growth stimulants, both materials enhanced the population growth. In the fatty acid composition of S. trochoidea, $C_{16:0}$ was the major component, and $C_{18:0},\;C_{18:1},\;C_{22:0}\;and\;C_{22:1}$ were a minor components.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.660-666
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• 1997

The production of doxorubicin by a mutant of Streptomyces peucetius subsp. caesius was studied. The optimal culture conditions, such as inoculum size and medium composition were established to improve the productivity of doxorubicin. The optimal medium composition was found to be 4% maltose, 0.5% HEPES, 0.02% $K_2HPO_4$, 0.01% $MgSO_4$. As an antiform agent, 0.001% KG(10% Adekanol+10% Silicone) was suitable one among various agents. Culture was carried out in 2.5 L jar-fermenter with different aeration rates of 1.5, 1.0, and 1.5 v/v min. The maximum production of doxorubicin(29 mg/l) was obtained at 1.5 v/v min of aeration rate, and even at 1.0 v/v min, the production of doxorubicin was increased up to 15% compared with that of shake-flask culture.

• 한국해양학회지
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.186-191
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• 1993

Scrippsiella trochoidea is a dinoflagellate responsible for red tide in early spring in southern coastal water. Marine bacteria appear to exert critical roles on the development and decay of phytoplankton bloom in marine ecosystem. It is likely that marine bacteria, Pseudomonas spp., share some metabolic processes with S. trochoidea. To investigate interactions between S. trochoidea and Pseudomonas spp. directly, cysts of S. trochoidea isolated from the bottom mud in Masan Bay have been germinated and cultured. From the S. trochoidea cultured medium, we have isolated Pseudomonas spp., a dominant and cultured. From the S. trochoidea cultured medium, we have isolated Pseudomonas spp., a dominant species. Both of Pseudomonas spp. and S trochoidea have been simultaneously inoculated into the sterilized sea water and cultured to examine the change of fatty acids. The major fatty acids that showed increases in composition during the dispecific culture were $C_{18:0/},{\;}C_{20:5}{\;}and{\;}C_{22:5}$ in S. trochoidea, and in Pseudomonas spp. Especially, $C_{20:5}{\;}and{\;}C_{18:0}$ were increased in S. trochoidea but decreased in Pseudomonas spp. These results strongly suggest that two species share some processes in their fatty acid metabolism.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.104-110
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• 2017

In order to determine the possibility of artificial cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum, a study was carried out to optimize the medium composition used for bed culture. Sawdust spawn of medium composition for optimal growth was found to be the combination of 75% oak-sawdust, 10% cotton-seed meal, and 15% beet pulp. The optimal conditions for the formation of fruiting bodies were shown to be a temperature of $28-30^{\circ}C$, light intensity of 1,000-1,500 lux, and $CO_2$ concentration of 1%.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.367-374
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• 2000

The composition of dissolved gases and nutrients in a liquid medium were determined for establishment of the optimum conditions for in vitro culture of Helicobacter pylori. A microaerobic condition facored by the organism was prepared by adjusting the partial pressure of the gas, agitation speed, and viscosity of the medium. The gaseous concentrations were controlled by utilizing CampyPak Plus that reduced oxygen while augmenting carbon dioxide. Agitation of the broth facilitated the oxygen transfer to the cells, yet inhibited the growth at high rates. An increase of viscosity in the medium repressed the culture although this variable was relatively insignificant. The chemical constituents of the liquid broth were examined to establish an economic model for H. pylori cultivation. The microbe required a neutral pH for optimum growth, and yet was also able to proliferate in an acidic condition, presumably by releasing the acidity-modulating enzyme, urease. Cyclodextrin and casamino acid were investigated as growth enhancers in place of serum, while yeast extract unexpectedly inhibited the cells. A low concentration of glucose, the unique carbon source for the organism, increased the cell density, yet high concentrations resulted in an adverse effect. Under optimally dissolved gas conditions, the cell concentration in brucella broth supplemented with serum substitutes and glucose reached $1.6{\times}10^8$ viable cells/ml which was approximately 50% higher than that obtained in the liquid medium added with only cyclodextrin or serum.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.259-265
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• 2005

Indian citrus ringspot virus (ICRSV)-free plants of Kinnow mandarin (Citrus nobilis Lour x C. deliciosa Tenora) were raised from virus-infected plants using unfertilised ovules as explants. Plants were tested by indirect ELISA and RT-PCR before using their explant. An amplified product of 539 bp was obtained by RT- PCR in ICRSV infected plants. Unfertilized ovules were excised from unopened flower buds of plants tested postive for virus and were cultured on Murashige and Skoog's (MS) basal medium supplemented with various concentrations of kinetin (KN) or malt extract (ME). Maximum induction (31.94%) of embryogenic callus was observed on MS medium supplemented with KN ($9.29\;{\mu}M$). Transfer of embryogenic calli to similar media composition resulted in somatic embryogenesis in all cultures, with an average number of 60.36 globular, 17.39 heart and 7.71 cotyledonary-shaped somatic embryos per culture. All cotyledonary shaped embryos developed into complete plantlets within 60 days on transfer to similar medium. Embryogenic callus induction, somatic embryo formation, maturation, germination and plantlet formation were achieved on MS medium supplemented with KN ($9.29\;{\mu}M$) alone. The plantlets derived from somatic embryos were transferred to sterilized soil, sand and vermiculite (3:1:1) mixture. After acclimatization, the plantlets were transferred to screen house and were indexed for ICRSV employing indirect ELISA and RT-PCR and found free of virus. A distinct feature of this study is the induction of somatic embryogenesis from unfertilised ovules to produce virus-free plants.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.171-179
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• 1993

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of growth regulators and medium composition on the growth of each stage in apical meristem culture for mass propagation of Zanthoxylum piperitum var. inerme Makino. The source material, shoot tip segments were taken from three-years old graft trees. Apical meristems were cultured in vitro on basal MS, GD, WS, half strength MS(1/2MS) and half strength GD(1/2GD) media supplemented with various concentrations for growth regulators(BA, IBA) and inorganic nutrients. The results summarized are as follows: 1. In culture establishment stage, ratio of culture establishment was 96.7% and the best resuit was obtained using MS medium supplemented with 1.0mg/l BA and 0.2mg/l IBA. 2. In shoot multitication stage, both shoot multiplication and growth were achieved in average 5.6cm. These results were obtained on in MS medium supplemented with 1.0mg/l BA and 0.2mg/l IBA. 3. In roothing stage, phloroglucinol(PG) acted as IBA synergist in root initiation. The most faverable combinations for root development was half-strength MS medium supplemented with 162mg/l PG and 0.2mg/l IBA, and ratio of rooting was 58.0%. 4. In Vitro formed plantlets were transplanted to paper pots in greenhouse with 85% of relative humidity. 96% of survival rate was obtained from artificial soil mix having same volume of sand, vermiculite, peat, and soil.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.162-166
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• 2008

The production of heteropolysaccharide-7 (PS-7) by Beijerinckia indica (B. indica L3) was evaluated in shaker flask culture. The medium optimization was studied using response surface methodology (RSM). A five-level three-factor central composite design was employed to determine the maximum PS-7 yield at optimum levels for whey lactose, glucose and ammonium nitrate contents. The validity of the model could be determined by the regression coefficient, $R^2$. The values of $R^2$ were 0.72, 0.64 and 0.85 in PS-7, DCW and viscosity, respectively. The optimal medium combinations of whey lactose, glucose and ammonium nitrate concentrations on the PS-7 production were whey lactose (2%), glucose (1 %) and ammonium nitrate 5 mM, respectively. The result indicated that PS-7 production was affected significantly by the addition of glucose to whey lactose based on medium and C/N ratio.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.21-26
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• 2009

Purpose: Standards of alloy for porcelain fused to metal crown be classified by metallic factor and biological factor. Metallic factors consist of stability of alloy composition and mechanical strength and surface characteristics for chemical bond. Biological factors be considered properties of metallic elements and problems originated by toxicity and hypersensitive reaction. Alloys considered such controversial points are the most suitable alloy for dental instrument. Method: Alloys added Be and Nb using Ni-Cr alloy which has been widely used for dental instrument be selected and classified experimental group. Non-addition Be and Nb to Ni-Cr alloy classify control group and addition Be alloy is Be-experimental group, addition Nb alloy is Nb-experimental group. Specimens for cytotoxicity analysis gave effect to washing and sterilization. and then made an experiment on elution with cell medium after disinfection. It conducted specimens within cell medium with 24hours, 48hours, 72hours, respectively. It cultured human dermal fibroblast(HDF) using cell medium for cytotoxicity test and then investigated elution rate through spectroscopic analysis by MTT-assay. Result: As results of cytotoxicity test by MTT-assay, cultured cell rate of VII measured more low numerical value within elution medium for 24hours focused on control group. Also, cultured cell rate of K3 alloys observed low value for 48hours, 72hours than value of control group. Conclusion: According to final result that synthesize above results, Ni-Cr alloy added Be and Ni has little difference in Cytotoxicity by MTT-assay.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.457-463
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• 2000

Fifty mid-lactation Holstein cows were used in a six-week feeding trial to study effects of high-forage, high-fat diets on dry matter intake and production performance. Cows were divided into 10 replicates, each consisting of five cows. Each cow was assigned to a control (diet 1) or one of the four experimental diets (high-forage (75%), high-fat (7.5%) (diet 2); high-forage, medium-fat (5%) (diet 3); medium forage (65%), high-fat (diet 4); medium-forage, medium-fat (diet 5)), or a control diet containing about 50% forage and 2% fat. All diets were isonitrogenous (17.7% crude protein). The forage mixture consisted of 20% alfalfa hay, 40% alfalfa haylage, and 40% com silage. Supplemental fat included 80% rumen-protected fat and 20% yellow grease. Dry matter intake was decreased (p<0.01) in cows fed experimental diets (18.4, 20.9, 19.9, and 22.6 kg for cows fed diets 1-4, respectively vs. 27.5 kg for cows fed the control diet). Daily milk production was lower (p<0.05) for cows consuming experimental diets (30.5, 31.3, 31.0, and 32.5 kg for cows fed greater for cows consuming experimental diets (1.74, 1.55, 1.60, and 1.53 kg milk/kg dry matter intake for cows fed diets 1-4, respectively, vs. 1.26 kg milk/kg dry matter intake for cows fed the control diet).