• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.414-423
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• 2016

Growers in plug seedling production think that root media in which rockwool is a component has given rise to several environmental problems. Therefore, the demand for new materials as a substitute for rockwool has been increased. This study examined the possibility of cultivation of tomato plug seedlings using a newly developed growing medium with phenolic foam. Plug seeds of tomato cultivar 'Madison' were sown in four pellet-type growing media: Grodan rockwool (GRW), UR rockwool (URW), phenolic foam LC (LC) or phenolic foam LC-lite (LC-lite). Then, the seedlings were transplanted to the four cube-type growing media 19 days after sowing. Seeds were germinated in a growth chamber ($25{\pm}2^{\circ}C$, 80% relative humidity, and dark) for 4 days and then the seedlings were grown with a nutrient solution supplied by an overhead irrigation system in a greenhouse. Plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, and fresh or dry weight of tomato seedlings were the greatest for the seedlings transplanted to URW cube media after being grown on LC-lite pellets. Root grade was the greatest for the seedlings transplanted on LC or LC-lite cube media after being grown on LC pellets. Chemical properties of all media tested for tomato growth were maintained within a stable range, while physical properties of URW showed high values in container capacity, air space, and total porosity. These results demonstrated that the phenolic foam media were effective for seedling growth and can substitute for rockwool as a root medium.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.243-253
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• 2022

Using non-destructive analytical methods, we identified the material characteristics of two gold fabric artifacts excavated from the Cheongsong Sim clan (Bugeum Wonsam, Jikgeum Chima), including the artifact condition, fiber type, surface contamination, and metallic threads. We found that the artifacts were buried and had turned brown; thus, we were unable to determine their original color. The fiber type was determined to be silk from cocoons, based on scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) analyses of Amide I, II, III, and IV peaks, and color reactions Further, the FT-IR and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analyses identified the white and black stains as natural resin hydrolyzed substances, such as lipids and proteins, that occurred as microbial decomposition due to body decay. Finally, the XRF analyses identified the thin gold layer of the metallic yarn as gold (Au). According to the FT-IR data and the color reaction to the metallic yarn medium, the adhesive component of the medium was a product of-Amides I, II, III, and 3000 cm^-1 within Amides A and B (an animal type), respectively. Thus, the medium was identified as Hanji (Korean paper), which is made from domestically produced Broussonetia kazinoki fibers.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.81-87
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• 2019

The investigation of mycelial growth for artificial cultivation in T. albuminosus determined that within PDA, YM, MEA medium, both KNCAF 9001 and 9002 strains showed the highest mycelial growth in MEA media with 89, 81 mm, respectively, followed by YM, PDA in respected order. Furthermore, optimal mycelial growth of 89 and 77 mm in 9001 and 9002, respectively, at 25 ℃. Mycelial growth rapidly decreased at 30 ℃, but it was confirmed that it survived at 40 ℃. At pH 6, mycelial growth was fast with growth of 89 and 88 mm for both 9001 and 9002, respectively. In the case of 9001, the addition of with cotton seed hull(80%) and rice bran (20%) each other resulted in maximum productivity of 99 mm/10 days. The result differed in order of corn cob(97 mm), oak sawdust(96 mm) and poplar sawdust(93 mm). Ultimately, the result confirmed that addition of rice bran in comparison to bran resulted in higher yield. Even with identical medium component, 9002 showed the same tendency as 9001 but its growth was relatively slower than 9001. The effect of mycelial growth on the moisture content of the medium was best at 101. 94 mm/10 days when the moisture content of 9001 and 9002 was 65%. Mycelial growth rate tended to be slower when the moisture content was higher or lower than 65%.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 1999.03a
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• pp.447-454
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• 1999

The compressive capacity and the soil plugging resistance of single open-ended pipe pile were completely decreased in the previous study on the behavior of shorter single pile during simulated seaquake induced by the vertical component of earthquake. But the capacity of single open-ended pipe pile with greater penetration and the capacity of piles group with shorter penetration were expected to be stable after seaquake motion. In this study, first, 2-piles or 4-piles are driven into the calibration chamber included in saturated fine medium sand with several simulated penetrations, and the compressive load test for each piles group was performed. Then, about 95 % compressive load of the ultimate capacity was applied on the pile head during the simulated seaquake motion. Finally, In confirm the reduction of pile capacity during the simulated seaquake motion, the compressive load test for each single pile or piles group after seaquake motion was performed. During the simulated seaquake, the compressive capacity of open-ended pipe piles with greater penetration ( 〉about 27 m) was not degraded even in deep sea deeper than 220 m and soil plug within open-ended pipe pile installed in deep sea was stable after seaquake motion. Also, in the case of 2-piles or 4-pile groups, the compressive capacity after seaquake motion was not degraded at all regardless of pile penetration depth beneath seabed, sea water depth and seaquake frequency.

• 한국균학회소식:학술대회논문집
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• 2015.05a
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• pp.60-60
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• 2015

Hybrid histidine kinase is a part of two-component system that is required for various stress responses and pathogenesis of pathogenic fungi. In the present study, Tco1, a homologue of human pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans Tco1 encoding a hybrid histidine kinase, was identified in corn smut pathogen Ustilago maydis by bioinformatic analysis. To explore the role of Tco1 in the virulence of U. maydis, mutants in which the tco1 gene was partially deleted were constructed by allelic exchange. The U. maydis tco1 mutants did show unaltered growth rate on axenic medium but were unable to produce conjugation tubes and develop fuzzy filaments, resulting in impaired mating of compatible strains. The expression levels of prf1, pra1, and mfa1 which are involved in the pheromone pathway significantly decreased in the tco1 mutants. In inoculation tests to host, the tco1 mutants showed significantly reduced ability in the production of anthocyanin pigments and tumor development on maize leaves. Overall, the combined results indicated that Tco1 plays important roles in sexual development and virulence of U. maydis by regulating the expression of the genes involved in the pheromone pathway.

• BMB Reports
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.277-282
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• 2015

We demonstrated previously that a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 15 (ADAM15) is released into the extracellular space as an exosomal component, and that ADAM15-rich exosomes have tumor suppressive functions. However, the suppressive mechanism of ADAM15-rich exosomes remains unclear. In this study, we show that the ADAM15 ectodomain is cleaved from released exosomes. This shedding process of the ADAM15 ectodomain was dramatically enhanced in conditioned ovarian cancer cell medium. Proteolytic cleavage was completely blocked by phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, indicating that a serine protease is responsible for exosomal ADAM15 shedding. Experimental evidence indicates that the ADAM15 ectodomain itself has comparable functions with those of ADAM15-rich exosomes, which effectively inhibit vitronectininduced cancer cell migration and activation of the MEK/extracellular regulated kinase signaling pathway. We present a tumor suppressive mechanism for ADAM15 exosomes and provide insight into the functional significance of exosomes that generate tumor-inhibitory factors. [BMB Reports 2015; 48(5): 277-282]

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.97-119
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• 1972

Studies on modified complement fixation (MCF) test of antiblackleg bovine serum were made and the results obtained were summarized as followings. 1. The most satisfactory antigen for the MCF test among various materials studied was found to be the vegetative cells of Cl, chauvoei grown in cooked meat medium (CMM) containing 0.5mM l-(alpha) alanine and 0.1mM manganese. The antigen was prepared by inoculating the spores of Cl. chauvoei, heated at $70^{\circ}C$. for 30 minutes, into the CMM followed by incubation at $37^{\circ}C$. for 15 hours. 2. An active component contained in the factor serum of fresh normal rabbit serum was found to be C'4 fraction. It was also shown that, furthermore, DEAE cellulose sieved C'4 fraction of the factor serum enhanced antibody titer and the highest antibody titer was resulted by the addition of 0.03 ml, of the factor serum to each tube. 3. More than four fold increases of antibody titer, in antiblbckleg bovine serum-antigen system, was made with the MCF test than that with the direct complement fixation test. 4. The MCF antibody titer of cattle vaccinated against blackleg was 128 until seven month and 64 for five months thereafter.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.48.2-48.2
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• 2015

van Dokkum and Conroy revisited the strong Na I lines at $8200{\AA}$ found in some giant elliptical galaxies and interpreted it as evidence for bottom-heavy initial mass function. Jeong et al. later found a lot of galaxies showing strong Na D doublet absorption line at $5900{\AA}$ (Na D excess objects; a.k.a. NEOs) and showed that their origins can be different for different types of galaxies. While the excess in Na D seems related with interstellar medium in late-type galaxies, smooth-looking early-type NEOs suggest no compelling sign of ISM contributions. To test this finding, we measured doppler shift in the Na D line. We hypothesized that ISM is more likely to show blueshift due to outflow caused by either star formation or AGN activities. In order to measure the doppler shift, we tried both Gaussian and Voigt functions to fit each galaxy spectrum near the Na D line. We found that Voigt profiles reproduce the shapes of the Na D lines markedly better. Many of late-type NEOs clearly show blueshift in their Na D lines, which is consistent with the former interpretation that the Na D excess found in them is related with star formation-caused gas outflow. On the contrary, early-type NEOs do not show any notable doppler component, which is also consistent with the interpretation of Jeong et al. that the Na D excess in early-type NEOs is likely not related with ISM activities but purely stellar in origin.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.31-44
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• 1994

The 4.8GHz formaldehyde absorption line in the dark clouds in M17 and NGC 2024 regions has been mapped. In both nebulae, we detected two $H_2CO$ line components. In M17, the 24km $S^{-1}$ cloud is closely associated with the HII region located in front of the radio continuum source, and the 19km $S^{-1}$ cloud is associated with the visual dark clouds with a larger extent which are closer to us. The 19km $S^{-1}$ cloud has a mass motion approaching to the HII region. In both clouds, a velocity gradient from the north-east to the south-west directions is observed. The linewidth has no variation indicating no collapsing motion. In NGC 2024, the 9km $S^{-1}$ feature is extended along the dark bar in front of the bright nebula and a weak second component at 13km $S^{-1}$ is confined to the immediate vicinity of the radio source. Indications are that the 9km $S^{-1}$ cloud is physically associated with the dark bar and the 13km $S^{-1}$ cloud is located behind the radio source. The angular extent, the column density, and the total mass of the clouds are derived. The radial velocities of other molecular lines observed in these clouds are compared.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.295-297
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• 2004

Observations with EUVE, ROSAT, and BeepoSAX have shown that some clusters of galaxies produce intense EUV emission. These findings have produced considerable interest; over 100 papers have been published on this topic in the refereed literature. A notable suggestion as to the source of this radiation is that it is a 'warm' (106 K) intracluster medium which, if present, would constitute the major baryonic component of the universe. A more recent variation of this theme is that this material is 'warm-hot' intergalactic material condensing onto clusters. Alternatively, inverse Compton scattering of low energy cosmic rays against cosmic microwave background photons has been proposed as the source of this emission. Various origins of these particles have been posited, including an old (${\~}$Giga year) population of cluster cosmic rays; particles associated with relativistic jets in the cluster; and cascading particles produced by shocks from sub-cluster merging. The observational situation has been quite uncertain with many reports of detections which have been subsequently contradicted by analyses carried out by other groups. Evidence supporting a thermal and a non-thermal origin has been reported. The existing EUV, FUV, and optical data will be briefly reviewed and clarified. Direct observational evidence from a number of different satellites now rules out a thermal origin for this radiation. A new examination of subtle details of the EUV data suggests a new source mechanism: inverse Compton scattered emission from secondary electrons in the cluster. This suggestion will be discussed in the context of the data.