• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제26권9호
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• pp.1289-1294
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• 2013

This study evaluated the in vitro effect of medicinal plant extracts on ruminal methanogenesis, four different groups of methanogens and ruminal fermentation characteristics. A fistulated Holstein cow was used as a donor of rumen fluid. Licorice and mugwort extracts (Glycyrrhiza uralensis and Artemisia capillaris, 0.5% and 1% of total substrate DM, respectively), previously used as folk remedies, were added to an in vitro fermentation incubated with buffered-rumen fluid. Total gas production in Glycyrrhiza uralensis extract treatment was not significantly different between treatments (p<0.05) while total gas production in the Artemisia capillaris extract treatment was lower than that of the control. Artemisia capillaris extract and Glycyrrhiza uralensis extract reduced $CH_4$ emission by 14% (p<0.05) and 8% (p<0.05), respectively. Ciliate-associated methanogens population decreased by 18% in the medicinal plant extracts treatments. Medicinal plant extracts also affected the order Methanobacteriales community. Methanobacteriales diversity decreased by 35% in the Glycyrrhiza uralensis extract treatment and 30% in the Artemisia capillaris extract treatment. The order Methanomicrobiales population decreased by 50% in the 0.5% of Glycyrrhiza uralensis extract treatment. These findings demonstrate that medicinal plant extracts have the potential to inhibit in vitro ruminal methanogenesis.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.1404-1408
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• 1998

울금과 자초, 자초와 고삼, 고삼과 감초, 감초와 오미자 추출물 혼합액 1% 첨가가 배추김치의 보존성 향상에 미치는 영향을 $10^{\circ}C$에서 25일간 숙성시키면서 조사하였다. 김치의 pH와 산도는 숙성이 진행됨에 따라 급격히 감소, 증가하는 경향을 나타내었는데, 한약재 추출물을 혼합 첨가한 김치는 대조구에 비해 이의 속도가 매우 완만하게 나타났다. 특히 SG, GS 첨가구의 pH 감소속도와 산도 증가속도는 매우 느려 pH는 숙성 20일경 각각 4.19, 4.16을 나타내었고, 산도는 0.62, 0.64%를 나타내었다. 미생물 변화는 한약재 추출물 혼합 첨가구가 대조구에 비해 균 성장을 크게 억제시켰으며, 특히 GS, SG 첨가 김치는 적숙기인 숙성 15일째 대조구에 비해 총균수는 각각 1.3, 1.32 $log_{10}$ cycle, 유산균수는 1.24, 1.14 $log_{10}$ cycle 정도 억제되었다. 김치의 신맛은 김치 적숙기인 $10{\sim}15$일경 대조구에 비해 한약재 추출물 첨가구에서 약하게 나타났으며, 종합적인 맛은 한약재 고유의 향과 맛으로 인해 전반적으로 나쁘게 나타나 이를 보완하기 위한 연구가 수행되어야 할 것으로 보여진다.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.41-51
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• 2008

Objectives : This study was conducted to evaluate the antioxidative and anticancer activity of extracts from Scutellaria baicalensis, Zizyphus jujuba and Atractylodes macrocephala. Methods : Three kinds of medicinal herbs were extracted with distilled water and 70% ethanol, and the extracts were tested for their antioxidant activity and growth inhibition activity against cancer cells. Results : Electron donating abilities (EDA) of the water and ethanol extract from Zizyphus jujuba and Atractylodes macrocephala were over than 87% at 1,000 ${\mu}g/mL$, respectively. The highest nitrite scavenging abilities (NSA) of the water and ethanol extracts from Scutellaria baicalensis were 68.9 and 79.2% at 1,000 ${\mu}g/mL$, respectively. Atractylodes macrocephala extracts had shown the highest growth inhibition activity against both of MDA and A549 cells and the water extract had higher activity than ethanol extract. Conclusions : These results suggest that the extracts of medicinal herbs used for this experiment had specific biological activity and they can be used as natural antioxidant to prevent oxidative damage in normal cells.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.405-410
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• 2002

Rice wine was prepared with medicinal plants or plant extracts to obtain a value added nutritious alcoholic tonics. Powders of ten medicinal plants (PTM) or aqueous extracts prepared from them (ATM) were added during the initial stage of fermentation. Aroma compounds of rice wine (control) and wines containing PTM or ATM were isolated by liquid-liquid continuous solvent extraction (LLCSE) and analyzed by gas chromatography-olfactometry and aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA). Desirable aroma compounds: acetaldehyde (sweet, ethereal), benzaldehyde (sweet, fragrant), ethyl acetate (sweet) and ethyl octanoate (sweet, ethanolic) had the highest log$_3$-flavor dilution (FD) factors in ATM. Results of sensory evaluation demonstrated that intensities of undesirable aroma attributes, such as koji and yeasty notes in control, and raw medicinal herb notes in PTM, were lowest in wine with ATM. Wines made with ATM had the most attractive aroma attributes among the three different traditional Korean medicinal wines.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.119-125
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 산수유, 목단피, 산약, 숙지황, 지골피, 야생배의 한약재 물 추출물이 당대사 관련 효소인 GCK, PDH, ACC mRNA 발현정도에 미치는 영향을 측정하였다. HepG2 세포에 대한 세포독성을 측정한 결과, GCK, PDH, ACC mRNA 발현량을 측정하기 위한 물 추출물의 농도 범위는 세포 생존율에 영향을 주지 않는 100, 250, 500 ppm로 결정하였다. GCK mRNA 발현은 100 ppm에서 숙지황 물 추출물이 165%로 가장 높게 나타났고, 250 ppm에서는 숙지황과 지골피 물 추출물이 각각 180%, 154%로 높았으며, 500 ppm에서는 산수유(195%), 목단피 (157%), 야생배 (139%), 산약 (122%), 지골피 (117%), 숙지황 (113%)의 순으로 GCK mRNA 발현이 증가되었다. PDH mRNA 발현량은 250 ppm 농도에서 지골피, 숙지황 물추출물에서 각각 141%, 118% 증가되었고, 500 ppm에서는 지골피, 숙지황 물 추출물에서 각각 191%, 124% 증가되었다. ACC mRNA 발현량은 500 ppm에서 지골피 (188%), 숙지황 (126%)로 가장 높게 나타났다. 결과적으로 GCK, PDH, ACC mRNA 발현량을 증가시킬 수 있는 소재로 산수유, 숙지황, 지골피 등을 꼽을 수 있겠으며 이들 소재들은 식후 혈당상승을 억제할 수 있는 항당뇨 천연소재로 이용될 수 있음을 제시하였다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.62-66
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• 2002

As inhibitors of carbohydrate-digesting enzymes can prevent hyperglycemia that is known to cause many macrovascular complications, they may prove a useful adjunct to hypocaloric diets in patients with type 2 diabetes and obesity. Inhibitory activities of two hundred and fifteen kinds of medicinal herb extracts against $\alpha$-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.20) and $\alpha$-amylase (EC 3.2.1.1) have been investigated in vitro. Adenophora triphylla, Aneilema keisak, and Morus bombysis significantly suppressed rat intestinal $\alpha$-glucosidase activity iu vitro. Porcine pancreatic amylase was efficiently inhibited by methanol extracts of Epimedium koreanum, Campsis grandiflora and Salvia plebeia. Methanol extract of Epimedium koreanum among the medicinal herbs tested showed the strongest inhibitory activity against porcine pancreatic $\alpha$-amylase with 0.1 mg/ML of $IC_{50}$/. The herb extract also improved glucose tolerance in ICR mice when loaded with 0.9 g soluble starch per kg body weight. Taken together, Epimedium koreanum merits further evaluation as a therapeutic measure.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.199-206
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• 2006

This study was designed to investigate the effect of medicinal herb extract on the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities against Helicobacter pylori, which is known as a ulcerogenic pathogen. The concentration of total phenolic compound of Scutellaria baicalensis(13.14%) was highest among water extracts and that of Ulmus parvifolia(15.12%) was highest among the ethanol extracts. The antioxidant activity of the water extract of Scutellaria baicalensis and of the ethanol extract of Ulmus parvifolia were 91.00% and 65.03%, respectively, in DPPH assay. The antioxidant activity of the water extract of Scutellaria baicalensis and of the ethanol extract of Ulmus parvifolia were 32.90% and 27.70%, respectively, in SOD assay. The antioxidant activity of the water extract of Ulmus parvifolia and of the ethanol extract of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fischer was 2.15 and 2.17, respectively, in TBARS assay. In disc method, Scutellaria baicalensis showed the highest anti-microbial activity against H. pylori, followed by Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fischer among the water extracts and Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fischer showed the highest anti-microbial activity followed by Radix puerariae among ethanol extract.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2012

Objectives : ROS are involved in a wide spectrum of diseases including chronic inflammation and cancer. S.chinensis Baill, a perennial herb commonly called Chinese lizard's tail or Sam-baek-cho in Korea, is used for the treatment of edema and inflammatory diseases in the Oriental folk medicine. In this study, we investigated the antioxidant activities and anti-inflammatory effects of the two extracts, water(WE) and ethyl acetate(EAE) from S.chinensis Baill. Methods : Anti-oxidant activity was evaluated using Fe2+ chelating and hydroxyl radical scavenging assay. DNA cleavage assay, and western blot and immunostaining for phospho-p65 were performed to evaluate anti-oxidative effect. Anti-inflammatory effect was performed using NO generation assay and western blot in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cell. Results : In Fe2+ chelating activity and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, WE showed more strong scavenging activity for hydroxyl radical than EAE. WE scavenged hydroxyl radical by 12% at 3.2 ${\mu}g/ml$, 21% at 16 ${\mu}g/ml$, 32% at 80 ${\mu}g/ml$, 66% at 400 ${\mu}g/ml$ and 82% at 2000 ${\mu}g/ml$, respectively. In addition, WE showed more strong chelating activity than EAE. WE chelated Fe2+ ion by 1.1% at 3.2 ${\mu}g/ml$, 8.2% at 16 ${\mu}g/ml$, 26.3% at 80 ${\mu}g/ml$, 72% at 400 ${\mu}g/ml$ and 89% at 2000 ${\mu}g/ml$, respectively. Also, WE inhibited oxidative damage via its anti-oxidant activity. In anti-inflammatory effect, EAE inhibited NO production and iNOS expression. In addition EAE suppressed the NF-${\kappa}B$ and MAPK signaling pathway in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Conclusions : Together, these data indicate that S. chinensis Baill, shows anti-oxidant activity and anti-inflammatory effect.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.170-177
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• 2005

Oriental medicinal herb extracts (OHE) showing anticancer activities were investigated for effectiveness as antiviral drugs. Infection of MuLV to cell line resulted in formation of giant syncytia. Number of giant syncytia in culture treated with OHE decreased by 40% compared to that of non-OHE-treated cell culture. To determine OHE effects on progeny release, RT-PCR was performed. In vivo animal studies demonstrated effectiveness of OHE as antiviral drug when administered orally. After OHE administration, viral cytopathic effects decreased. Infected mice showed splenomegaly and over-proliferation of lymphocytes with decreased CD4+ cell counts. These symptoms decreased in OHE-treated mice, indicating OHE maybe useful therapeutics against MuLV/MAIDS as Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)/AIDS animal model. Results show XC plaque assay and in vivo MAIDS model using MuLV are suitable tools for screening anti-retroviral drug candidates.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2009

Medicinal herbs are significant source of synthetic and herbal drugs. In the commercial market, medicinal herbs are used as raw drugs, extracts or tinctures. Isolated active constituents are used for applied research. For the last few decades, phytochemistry (study of plants) has been making rapid progress and herbal products are becoming popular. According to Ayurveda, the ancient healing system of India, the classical texts of Ayurveda, Charaka Samhita and Sushruta Samhita were written around 1000 B.C. The Ayurvedic Materia Medica includes 600 medicinal plants along with therapeutics. Herbs like turmeric, fenugreek, ginger, garlic and holy basil are integral part of Ayurvedic formulations. The formulations incorporate single herb or more than two herbs (poly-herbal formulations). Medicinal herb contains multitude of chemical compounds like alkaloids, glycosides, saponins, resins, oleoresins, sesquiterpene, lactones and oils (essential and fixed). Today there is growing interest in chemical composition of plant based medicines. Several bioactive constituents have been isolated and studied for pharmacological activity. R. cordifolia is an important medicinal plant commonly used in the traditional and Ayurvedic system of medicine for treatment of different ailments. This review illustrates its major constituents, pharmacological actions substantiating the claims made about this plant in the traditional system of medicine and its clinical applications.