• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.154-169
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• 1996

Parish nursing is a community health nursing role developed in 1983 by Lutheran chaplain Granger Westberg. An increasing emphasis on holistic care, personal reseponsibility for a healthy lifestyle, and changes in healthcare delivery systems have undoubtedly facilitated the establishment and nurturance of an innovative nursing role in the community. Parish nurses are functioning in a variety of church congregations of various denominations. The parish nurse is a educator, a personal health counselor, a coordinator of volunteers. The parish nurses helps people relate to the complexed medical care system and assists people to integrate faith and health. The autors conducted a study on pastor's expectations from parish nurses. Results of this study will be useful to those instrumental in planning, initiating, supporting, and evaluating a parish nurses program The research was done on 130 pastors in Taegue and Kyong Sang Buck Do, of various ages ranging from their 20's to 60's: and pastoring churches of various sizes, ranging from under 100 to over 300 members. 94.6% agreed that they needed a parish nurse on their staff; and 86.2% said they wanted to start a parish nurse program in their churches if certain basic conditions were met. The pastors responded that some would hire the nurses on a full-time basis(22.3%), a part -time basis (37.7%) or use volunteer nurses (40%). The pastors said they would expect the following from a parish nurse: health counselling (80.0%) regular health check-ups (78.5%) health care for the elderly (78.5%) health information and education (72.3%) hospice care (72.3%) visiting sick church members at home (69.2%) arranging and training volunteers to help the seek (59.2%) health care for expectant mothers (50.0%) introducing and taking people to health care facilities (46.2%) The pastors were surveyed about specific areas of health education they would want the parish nurse to teach(for example, high blood pressure and heart disease prevention and management(76.2%) ; stress management(74.6%); and diabetes prevention and management(73.8%). The pastors were surveyed about specific areas of health counselling they would expect the parish nurse to do (for example, drug abuse, (73.1), alcohol abuse(64.6%), marriage conflict(60.0%), recovery after the loss of a loved one(56.9%), and women's conflict with parents-in-law(53.8%). The pastors were surveyed about types of things they would want included in regular health check-ups, what they would want a parish nurse to do on home visits, and what they would want included in home care for the elderly. They were also surveyed on what kind of spiritual care they would like parish nurses to give. Most (90.7%) wanted their parish, parishioners to be involved in the parish nurses program as volunteers, and in a variety of ways(such as visiting sick in their homes(68.5%) and helping with housework(63.1%) and taking sick people to health facilities(60%). Parish nurses role, activities, and boundaries of practice should be continuously monitored and refined and a 'case manager' should be conceptualized as an additional or all-encompassing role. An initial parish / community needs and readiness assessment should be done prior to establishing a program to detemine if the congregation is ready, willing, and able to support such a position for at least a 2 to 3 year period.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.2 no.8
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• pp.535-542
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• 2013

Since case-based reasoning(CBR) has many advantages, it has been used for supporting decision making in various areas including medical checkup, production planning, customer classification, and so on. However, there are several factors to be set by heuristics when designing effective CBR systems. Among these factors, this study addresses the issue of selecting appropriate neighbors in case retrieval step. As the criterion for selecting appropriate neighbors, conventional studies have used the preset number of neighbors to combine(i.e. k of k-nearest neighbor), or the relative portion of the maximum similarity. However, this study proposes to use the absolute similarity threshold varying from 0 to 1, as the criterion for selecting appropriate neighbors to combine. In this case, too small similarity threshold value may make the model rarely produce the solution. To avoid this, we propose to adopt the coverage, which implies the ratio of the cases in which solutions are produced over the total number of the training cases, and to set it as the constraint when optimizing the similarity threshold. To validate the usefulness of the proposed model, we applied it to a real-world target marketing case of an online shopping mall in Korea. As a result, we found that the proposed model might significantly improve the performance of CBR.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.255-263
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• 2014

Objectives: This study evaluated the fungicidal efficacy of a fumigant containing 20% ortho-phenylphenol against Trichophytone mentagrophytes (T. mentagrophytes), Candida albicans (C. albicans) and Aspergillus niger (A. niger). Methods: Five replicates of each carrier were contaminated by depositing 0.05 mL of each fungal suspension. After drying, two carriers without exposure to the fumigant and three carriers with exposure to the fumigant were left in a sealed room ($25m^3$) at $21{\pm}0.5^{\circ}C$ and $60{\pm}10%$ relative humidity for 15 hours. Immediately after removal from the test room, each carrier was transferred into recovery diluent and suspended, diluted and inoculated. After incubation, the numbers of each colony were counted, and the parameter values (N, T, d) were calculated. Results: The working culture suspension number (N value) of T. mentagrophytes, C. albicans and A. niger were $1.0{\times}10^8$, $1.2{\times}10^8$ and $5.7{\times}10^7CFU/mL$, respectively. All the colony numbers on the carriers exposed to the fumigant (n1, n2, n3) were higher than 0.5N1 (the number of fungal test suspensions by pour plate method), 0.5N2 (the number of fungal test suspensions by filter membrane method) and 0.5N1, respectively. In addition, all mean numbers of test strains recovered on the control-carriers (T value) were over $10^6CFU/mL$. For the fungicidal effect of the fumigant, all numbers of fungal reductions after exposure of the fumigant (d value) were 4 logCFU/mL. Conclusions: The present study showed that fumigant containing 20% ortho-phenylphenol has effective fungicidal activity against T. mentagrophytes, C. albicans and A. niger.

• Korean Journal of Hospice Care
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.14-25
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• 2005

This study was conducted to examine the present state, types of services, difficulties, education programs, motivation, satisfaction and attitude of hospice volunteers and also to suggest supporting programs for the volunteer. For these purposes, a questionnaire was distributed among the 200 hospice volunteers in ten hospice organizations in Daejeon and Chungcheong province. In this research, 85.5% of the respondents were women and most of them were housewives in their forties and fifties. The majority of hospice volunteers had an education background of more than high school. Christianity (94%) was the dominant religion of volunteers. Among the service area of the hospice, emotional caring, such as listening closely and establishing empathy were the most frequently done by the respondents and the next one was spiritual care. Hospice volunteers who had started with altruistic motivation show more dynamic activities in emotional, spiritual, physical caring and so on, than those with non-altruistic motivation. Most of the respondents expressed that they felt a hospice volunteer was valuable. However they had a hard time to overcome the sorrow coming from sharing empathy with the dying patients. Those who had started with altruistic motivation usually took part in two times per a week and had more positive attitude. Volunteers who had been working more than five years showed better attitude than those who had been working less than three years. The longer the voluntary services, the more positive attitude experienced by volunteers. Hospice volunteers encountered the most considerable difficulty with lack of background knowledge and their actual capability. Insufficiency of time was the next reason for the considerable difficulty of the hospice volunteer. On the other hand, those who served more than twice per week replied that lack of background knowledge and their capability were the least considerable difficulty. Insufficiency of time was the reason of difficulty for male volunteers, as well as for females under thirty and those in their forties and fifties respectively. Generally most of the hospice volunteers (70%) were satisfied with their services and they usually satisfied with physical caring, spiritual caring, hospice's family caring. The less difficulty in voluntary services, more satisfaction for the volunteers in the end. There is a positive correlation between a attitude of the hospice volunteer and frequency of voluntary services while the volunteers' difficulty affect negatively their attitude as well as the frequency of voluntary services. Most of the hospice volunteers want to have more education about basic skills, volunteer's attitude and role, spirituality, the way of attending on the hospice and so on. Most of them considered discussion and sharing different cases as the most effective method. They also wish to had more supporting programs for the hospice volunteers(in the order of their needs) such as regular events, newsletters, personal concern, social meetings among the volunteers, insurance and minimum expenses. Based on the study results, more programs should be run in order to activate the voluntary services regardless of their gender and education background. A continuous practical supporting policy and education programs are required in order to provide special education and training courses considering every field of voluntary services. Expanding the role of the volunteers allows them more opportunities to take part in voluntary services and th activate participation. It is necessary to establish a new hospice system as a part public medical system, which can not only facilitate the voluntary services for a hospice but also enhance professional hospice volunteers. Finally, experts are needed to operate the voluntary services effectively.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.10
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• pp.6126-6133
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• 2014

This study examined the effects of a simulation-based core skill program regarding emergency care on the knowledge, problem solving process and self-esteem of health related department students. A quasi-experimental non-equivalent control group pre-post test design was used. A total of 46 students, 23 students for the experimental group and 23 students for the control group, were enrolled in this study. The simulation-based core skill program included lectures, skill training, team-based practice, simulation and debriefing. This was implemented in the experimental group for 3 weeks in May, 2013. The data was analyzed using the frequency, ratio, Chi-square, and t-test by the SPSS/Win 18.0. The experimental group, who had a simulation-based core skill program, showed significantly higher clinical knowledge, problem solving process and self-esteem compared to the control group who had a traditional education. A clinical simulation-based core skill program was verified to be an effective teaching method to improve on the clinical knowledge, problem solving process and self-esteem of health-related department students.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.33-48
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to find the strategies of mental health screening in school. Based on the literature review, we discuss the importance of screening students in schools for mental health problems. Methods: Data from the 2008 Korean Mental Health Screening in Schools(2008-KMHSS) are used to estimate the outline of this screening. We administered the questionnaire for satisfaction of 2008-KMHSS for students(N=1,280), parents(N=2,672), school nurses(N=75), teachers(N=685), district personnels(N=6), and mental health center staffs(N=37). Also we interviewed a part of them by telephone and e-mail. And we reviewed the tools and methods for screening students for emotional/behavioral problems. Results: Mental health screening in schools is a very important, yet worrisome, agenda that is in its very early stages. From the 2008 Korean Mental Health Screening in Schools, 9,588 students(12.9%) needed more evaluation in the first stage. Of these, 6,910(72.1%) completed the second stage screening. In this sample, 1,975(28.6%) utilized the mental health services in school or community. 38.3% of students and 43.7% of their parents notified the 2008-KMHSS. But only 12.1% of students and 10.9% of their parents dissatisfied with the screening. 9.9% of teachers and 22.7% of school nurses dissatisfied with the screening. Among them the school nurses were mostly dissatisfied, and they complained work burden from KMHSS. Mental health center staffs complained similar issues. The Children's Problem-behavior Screening Questionnaire(CPSQ) and Adolescents' Mental-health & Problem-behavior Screening Questionnaire(AMPQ) were compatible to screen students in schools for mental health problems in first stage. Conclusion: Mental health screening in schools needs careful planning and implementation. For successful mental health screening in schools, several elements need to be considered: careful planning, collaboration, staff training, and integrative mental health programs and services in community or schools.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.197-203
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• 2011

Purpose: Pain is the most common and influential symptom in cancer patients. Few studies concerning pain intensity in the terminally ill cancer patients have been done. This study aimed to identify factors related with more than moderate pain. Methods: This study used secondary data of 162 terminal cancer inpatients at the palliative ward of six training hospitals in Korea. Physician-assessed pain assessment was by 10 point numeric rating scale. Substantial pain was defined more than moderate intensity by the Korean National Guideline for cancer pain. The Korean version of the MD Anderson Symptom Inventory was self-administered to assess symptoms. Survival prediction was estimated by the attending physicians at the time of admission. Results: Less than six weeks of predicted survival and more than numeric rating of six for worst drowsiness in the previous 24 h were significantly related to substantial pain (P=0.012 and P=0.046, respectively). The dose of opioid analgesics was positively related to substantial pain (P=0.004). Conclusion: Factors positively related to substantial pain were less than six weeks of predicted survival and considerable drowsiness. Careful monitoring and active preparation for pain are required in terminal cancer patients having those factors.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.3014-3024
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• 2014

This study is to provide basic data for the improvement of nursing services. A survey was done of 135 patients over the age of 65 in a general ward and an attended ward of a hospital in Seoul from December 5 to December 31, 2014 in order to assess their satisfaction with the nursing services. It was found that appropriately staffed nursing services as in attended wards showed greater patients' satisfaction than ordinarily staffed nursing services in general wards(t=3.45, p=.001). Significantly higher satisfaction levels were shown with the nursing services of the attended wards in the subcategories: professional technic(t=2.96, p=.004), training(t=.30, p=.001), and confidence(t=3.79, p<.001). Among the subcategories, confidence was the highest satisfaction factor followed by professional technic and education. The results suggest the need of securing an appropriate number of nursing staff in a ward to enhance patients' satisfaction.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• no.39
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• pp.83-113
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• 2008

The purpose of the study is to explore the mental health social workers' experiences concerning client's self-determination by grounded theory, one of the qualitative method. Although a lot of previous studies has proved that the practitioners have suffered from the ethical considerations in their practice, on which the matter of client's self-determination is centered, little attention is paid to deep exploration of practitioners' real experience about those aspects. To carry out the research question, first, through literature reviews focusing on clarify the underlying issues about client's self-determination, three intrinsic clues are found out; incompetence, medical benefits, the harm to the third party. Data obtained by in-depth interview with 10 participants are analyzed by employing the methode developed by Corbin and Strauss, which could categorize the raw data into several high-level concepts and constructs. The findings of the study show that most practitioners would consider the clients as the intrinsic subject of self-determination. Therefore, in practice, they are trying to support the client's self-determination even within the some constraints. In addition, they also experience the clients' latent potential in actualizing autonomy and self-determination, and identifies the positive effect of self-determination not only on the client's self-help and mental health but also on the practitioners themselves. The results of the study clearly suggests that it is critical to provide the practitioners with adequate ethical education and training to help them to overcome their ethical suffering concerning clients self-determination.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.24 no.10
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• pp.183-188
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• 2019

This study is a descriptive research to compare and analyze the current status of disaster-related curriculum between emergency department and nursing department Research and analysis targets were 41 universities which include the emergency department in South Korean by using the universities' internet homepage, finally 30 universities were researched by removing the universities which doesn't upload the curriculum on their homepage, have emergency department or have nursing department. The research data were collected and analyzed by using the universities' internet homepage. The Keyword is 'Disaster', 'Catastrophe', and 'Emergency' to search the name of the subjects. The curriculum calculated as a percentage of frequency by using the status of disaster-related subjects opening, classification of major education, grade, credit, number of class, practical hours, and the total number of subjects. According to the study, 29 universities (96.7%) of emergency department and 19 universities (63.3%) of nursing department has the disaster-related subjects in their curriculum. The current status of the class opening is emergency department at second grade and nursing department as fourth grade. As a subject of major, two credits are the common class credits. Based on the results of the study, knowledge and skills and training courses are necessary to develop the ability to cope with disasters in the disaster field. The curriculum that matches the role of health care resources will be required.