• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.16-33
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• 2021

To stop hunger, reducing food losses is a potential movement towards saving food. A large portion of these losses could be avoided and reduced through the improved food chain in many countries. Raising awareness on how and where food losses occur will help recovering foods such as meat by identifying solutions and convincing people to implement those solutions. This, in turn, will lead to private and public efforts to recover meat that might be otherwise wasted. After highlighting the importance of food saving benefits and relevant statistics, this paper explains the possible ways to reduce meat loss and waste in abattoirs and presents a framework for prevention according to the estimates of meat losses in Iran meat supply. The current article answers the questions of where do we have the meat loss in Iran and what approaches are most successful in reducing losses in the meat industry. The national average loss and waste in meat production are about 300,000 metric tonnes (about 15%). Many segments and players are involved with this huge amount of losses in the meat value chain, a large portion of these losses could be avoided and reduced by about 25% through using by-products with the mechanization of design and manufacturing. The production amount of mechanically deboned meat (MDM) is 105,091,000 kg, concluding the major waste (88.33%) of total poultry losses. Ensuring appropriate actions by exploiting the full potential of engaged Iranian associations and institutes is considered to reduce the losses.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.327-334
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• 2022

Marine resources have various biological activities and their constituents are more novel than those of land organisms. Several biologically active constituents have been found in marine organisms. Recently, many studies have reported that marine animals (MAs) can be used as functional ingredients in functional foods or nutraceutical due to their health benefits. However, no studies have extensively investigated the cosmeceutical activities of MAs extracts. Here, 70% ethanol extracts of 38 MAs were investigated for their activities of whitening and anti-aging properties for use as materials in novel cosmeceuticals. Anti-aging activities were determined by skin aging-related enzyme activities (anti-collagenase, anti-elastase, anti-hyaluronidase) and whitening activities (anti-tyrosinase, anti-3,4-dihydroxyl-L-phenylalanine [DOPA] oxidation) evaluated by colorimetric method. Among the 38 MAs, we found that Urechis unicinctus and Petrosia corticata extracts showed the strongest inhibitory effects against tyrosinase and DOPA oxidation, respectively. Our results additionally showed that Protankyra bidentata extract might provide a major source of anti-hyaluronidase and anti-elastase; meanwhile, anti-collagenase effects were similar in most MAs. Overall, these results suggest that extracts of marine animals have potential as a tyrosinase, collagenase, elastase, and hyaluronidase inhibitors. Taken together, MA resources could be considered as a novel cosmeceutical agent to be applied in cosmetic industry.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.8
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• pp.1197-1206
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• 2014

This study compared and analyzed the physiochemical and quality characteristics of young radish kimchi made with YR-FNC or YR-GC cultivated by organic farming as well as kimchi made with young radish cultivated by chemical composting/general farming (YR-Control). YR-Control showed higher contents of water and crude protein than YR-FNC and YR-GC kimchi but lower contents of crude ash, dietary fiber, and vitamin C. YR-FNC and YR-GC kimchi also showed higher contents of P and Cu than YR-Control but lower contents of N, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, and Zn. YR-Control fermentation progressed faster than that of YR-FNC or YR-GC after 24 days, and YR-Control more rapidly reached an appropriate pH. On the other hand, YR-FNC and YR-GC kimchi fermentation progressed slow and did not reach a pH level below 5.3. For period of fermentation, YR-Control and YR-FNC kimchi showed no significant difference in reducing sugar content, whereas that of YR-GC kimchi decreased significantly after 24 days of fermentation (P<0.002). YR-FNC and YR-GC kimchi showed 1.5~3 times higher total polyphenol and flavonoid contents than YR-Control at the beginning of fermentation, whereas YR-Control and YR-FNC kimchi showed a significant increase in total polyphenol and flavonoid contents during the fermentation period. By day 7 of fermentation, YR-FNC kimchi showed higher contents of lactic acid bacteria and total microbes than YR-Control. In the sensory evaluation, YR-FNC and YR-GC kimchi showed higher preference values than YR-Control. Therefore, kimchi made from young radish cultivated by organic farming has a longer freshness period than control kimchi and is characterized by excellent sensory quality, increased physiological contents, and improved beneficial health effects.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.535-542
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• 2010

This study was carried out to examine anthropometric parameters and related habits in female college students. Mean age, height, and body weight of the subjects in total (n=212) were 20.7 yrs, 161.8 cm, and 53.5 kg, respectively. Anthropometric parameters were measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Mean degree of obesity, body mass index (BMI), and waist-hip ratio (WHR) were 98.4%, $20.6\;kg/m^2$, and 0.80 respectively. Surprisingly, 63.7% of the subjects showed unbalanced weak upper bodies compared to their lower bodies. Therefore, they were divided into two groups: unbalanced weak upper body group (UU, n=135) and balanced upper body groups (BU, n=77). Bodyweight, degree of obesity, BMI, and WHR in the UU group were significantly lower than those in the BU group. Amounts of body protein, body fat, and body mineral in the UU group were also significantly lower than those of the BU group. Mid-arm muscle circumference of the UU group ($18.5{\pm}0.8\;cm$) was significantly lower than those of BU group ($20.4{\pm}1.2\;cm$), although mid-arm circumference of the UU group was not significantly different compared to those of the BU group. On a questionnaire on exercise habits, 1.5% of the UU group and 7.8% of the BU group answered that they exercised regularly, and 55.5% of the UU group and 31.2% of the BU group reported that they never exercised (p<0.01). Even in the subjects who exercised, the duration of the exercise was not sufficient because 38.4% of the UU group and 35.8% of the BU group answered that they exercised for less than 30 min. In conclusion, interventions in exercise habits may be needed for female college students who have unbalanced weak upper bodies.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.497-505
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• 2015

Traditional herbs, such as Lonicera japonica, Arctii Fructus, and Scutellariae Radix have been used as traditional drug due to their anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of extract mixture (YG-1) in a model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute inflammation in both macrophage (RAW 264.7) cells and Sprague-Dawley rats. YG-1 did not show specific cellular toxicity in RAW 264.7 cells until a concentration of $100{\mu}g/mL$. YG-1 reduced various markers related to inflammation such as IL-$1{\beta}$, COX-2, and iNOS caused by LPS in RAW 264.7 cells. Consistent with these results, YG-1 exerted significant anti-inflammatory effects in an acute inflammation rat model. Acute fever and high concentration of IL-$1{\beta}$ in serum induced by LPS were significantly reduced by YG-1. These results were similar to flubiprofen, a commercial anti-inflammatory and anti-febrile drug. Therefore, these results indicate that YG-1 has beneficial effects on LPS-induced acute inflammation and suggest that YG-1 can serve as an effective anti-inflammatory and anti-febrile drug.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.11
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• pp.1718-1724
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• 2010

Bioactive and chemical properties of silkworm powder (SP) degradation by fruit extract containing the proteolytic enzymes of kiwifruit, papaya, pineapple and pear were investigated. Silkworm powder was incubated with extracts from each fruit at $60^{\circ}C$ for 24 hr. Protein content was slightly higher in the SP treated with fruit extract than that in the control SP. Major minerals were K, Ca, Mg, and Zn. Major fatty acids were linolenic acid, oleic acid, and palmitic acid. When total protein patterns were analyzed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), silkworm protein was strongly degraded by the treatment of fruit extract from pineapple, papaya, and pear, but little silkworm degradation was observed in kiwifruit extract treatment. Fibriolytic activity was only detected in the SP by the fruit extract treatments from papaya and pear. DPPH radical scavenging activity was slightly stronger in the SP treated with fruit extract than that in silkworm powder. However, all these samples exhibiteda relatively low activity compared with the butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). These results may provide the basic data for understanding the biological activities and chemical characteristics of SP treated with fruit extract for development of functional foods.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.13 no.9
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• pp.439-444
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• 2015

This study analyzes the chicken-related prescription shown in the literature summarized by standing tradition deliberate aims to investigate the clinical efficacy of native chickens. Therefore, The old traditional medicine books of native chickens translate and organize the relevant prescriptions. The manuscript old documents is prescribed by the old central documents sourced directly from generation to generation descendants technical publishing contemporary situation sake of the development of this unique formulation not only contemporary who established himself through numerous trials and errors. Browse almost circular in traditional medicine prescription, which is scattered throughout the country is difficult, and because of the loss can not be confirmed even its existence. This study is to establish the analysis and separated by organized to establish a database on the basis of prescription and mixed herbs in a variety of functional foods developed through usability evaluation methods of treatment. Therefore, the management systems of native chickens related to lack of knowledge and information to foster the continued expansion and specialized training and knowledge of the future growth engine industry through the added value of cultural projects of national knowledge resources. Finally, convergence research and evaluate the usefulness of native chickens through interdisciplinary research systems, and practical measures of functional foods and alternative medicine are presented as well.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.341-359
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• 1999

In the medical science of 'Sa-sang', a constitutional examination(diagnosis) and a medical treatment are important, however a dietary cure is considered as very important at the medical prevention and treatment. But there has been a confusion due to the different view concerning the constitutional foods in between scholars. There it is necessary for us to bring up the theoretical basis of the 'Sa-sang' constitutional - dietary cure by menas of the bibliographical study in relation to a historic, characteristics, efficiency of the major foods.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.55 no.5
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• pp.572-586
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• 2022

Purpose: This study examined the factors that may affect the growth status of preterm infants. Methods: This study included 91 preterm infants born at <37 weeks of gestation (22.9-36.9 weeks of gestation), including 48 (52.7%) males and 43 (47.3%) females. Diet-related data were collected through parental questionnaires, and growth-related data, such as height and weight, were collected through the hospital medical records. Results: No significant difference in weight and growth was observed between early and late preterm infants. On the other hand, smaller averages of all weight z-score (recent weight at 40 weeks of gestation) included lower birth weight, height, and head circumference. On the other hand, infants' birth weight, height, and head circumference in the weight z-score of <0 (<50% in the age-weight growth chart) was smaller than those in the weight z-score of ≥0. Furthermore, neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) hospitalization period and NICU discharge were shorter with growth cessation age in weight z-score of <0. The weight growth velocity was associated with gestational age, birth weight, and medical treatment in the NICU. Thus, parents of preterm infants with low growth rates prefer more community care services for their children. Conclusion: Birth weight, age of preterm infants, and medical treatment in the NICU were factors related to early birth weight growth. Following NICU discharge, poor intake and intake issues were associated with poor growth after 40 weeks of gestation. Therefore, monitoring the growth of preterm infants requires continuous active involvement and supports for growth-promoting factors after NICU discharge.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.90-99
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• 2013

Objectives : This study was carried out to investigate the traditional diet therapies for the period of postpartum recovery and lactation and to develop modern postpartum recovery foods. Korean traditional medical treatment for postpartum care focused on treating postpartum obesity, edema, agalactia was studied. Methods : We investigated the documents recorded in the medical classics of "Hyangyakjipseongbang(鄕藥集 成方)", "Donguibogam(東醫寶鑑)" and "Bangyakhappyeon(方藥合編)" published in 1433, 1613 and 1885 respectively in the Joseon Dynasty. Results : First, Radix Angelicae Sinensis was most frequently used to treat the postpartum obesity, and a lot of nourishing herbs including Radix Paeoniae Alba, Radix Astragali, Radix Ginseng, Rhizoma Chuanxiong were also used. Second, Radix Glycyrrhizae, Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalase, Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae, Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens were used to treat the postpartum edema. Third, Radix Rhapontici, Medulla Tetrapanacis, Fructus Trichosanthis etc. were used to treat the postpartum agalactia. Conclusions : Consequently, we hope this study on the prescriptions and herbs for gynecology in "Hyangyakjipseongbang(鄕藥集成方)", "Donguibogam(東醫寶鑑)" and "Bangyakhappyeon(方藥合編)" will provide knowledge for diet therapy model development of postpartum care of the modern times.