• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.32-38
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to analyze the early experience of the laparoscopic adhesiolysis for the intestinal obstruction due to postoperative adhesion. Seven patients were included in this study. The median age of those patients was 13, and there were 3 males and 4 females. Previous diagnosis and surgical procedure were various in seven cases, including small bowel resection with tapering enteroplasty, Boix-Ochoa fundoplication, Ladd's procedure with appendectomy, mesenteric tumor resection with small bowel anastomosis, ileocecal resection and anastomosis, primary gastric repair, and both high ligation. A successful laparoscopic adhesiolysis was performed in one who had high ligation for inguinal hernia and had a single band adhesion. Six out of 7 (86%) cases needed to convert open surgery due to multiple and dense type of adhesion. In conclusion, laparoscopic approach with postoperative small bowel adhesion seems safe. However, it might be prudently considered because of high rates of conversion in children.

• IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing and Computing
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.117-129
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• 2013

The increasing demand for monitoring wildfires and their impact on the land surface have prompted studies of burned area extraction and analysis. To differentiate burned and unburned area, the earlier method of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectro-radiometer (MODIS) Burned Area Detection Algorithm was proposed to estimate the change in land surface based on the reflectance energy. The energy, whose wavelengths are sensitive to burning, was selected to calculate the change parameter $Z_{score}$. This method was applied using the MODIS images to produce a MODIS Burned Area product. The approach was to simplify this algorithm to make it compatible with the Landsat 7 ETM+ SLC-off images. To extract the refined version of burned regions, post-processing was carried out by applying a median filter, dilation morphology algorithm, and finally a gap filling method. The experimental results showed that the detailed burned areas extracted from the proposed method exhibited more spatial details than those of the MODIS Burned products in the large U.S areas. The results also revealed the discontinuous distribution of burned regions in Vietnam forests.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2019.05a
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• pp.390-390
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• 2019

Application of Hidden Markov Model (HMM) to the hydrological time series would be an innovative way to identify extreme rainfall events in a series. Even though the optimum number of hidden states can be identify based on maximizing the log-likelihood or minimizing Bayesian information criterion. However, occasionally value for the log-likelihood keep increasing with the state which gives false identification of the optimum hidden state. Therefore, this study attempts to identify optimum number of hidden states for Colombo station, Sri Lanka as fundamental approach to identify frequency and percentage of extreme rainfall events for the station. Colombo station consisted of daily rainfall values between 1961 and 2015. The representative station is located at the wet zone of Sri Lanka where the major rainfall season falls on May to September. Therefore, HMM was ran for the season of May to September between 1961 and 2015. Results showed more or less similar log-likelihood which could be identified as maximum for states between 4 to 7. Therefore, measure of central tendency (i.e. mean, median, mode, standard deviation, variance and auto-correlation) for observed and simulated daily rainfall series was carried to each state to identify optimum state which could give statistically compatible results. Further, the method was applied for the second major rainfall season (i.e. October to February) for the same station as a comparison.

• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.61-69
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• 1997

A total of 55 patients underwent surgical managements for postintubation tracheal stenosis from July 1975 through March 1997. All but 8 had received ventilatory assistance. The patients had S cuff lesions, 17 stoma lesions, 7 at both levels, 5 at subglottic lesions. Thirty two patients underwent the sleeve tracheal resection and end-to-end anastomosis. Five patients performed a wedge resection and end-to-end anastomosis. Twenty two patients received the Montgomery T-tube for relief of airway obstruction. Simple excision of granulation tissue was done in 7 patients. Rethi procedures(anterior division of cricoid cartilage, partial wedge resection of lower thyroid cartilage and T-tube molding) were performed in 2 subglottic stenosis patients. And the other subglottic patient was received permanent tracheal fenestration at 1975. The tracheoesophageal fistula patient was done sleeve tracheal resection and end-to-end anastomosis with interrupted double layer closure of esophageal fistula site. Cervical approach was used in 49 cases, cervicomediastinal in 13 cases and median stemotomy In 6 cases. Techniques for obtaining tension-free anastomosis included a cervical neck flexion(15-30$^{\circ}$) in all sleeve resection patients and laryngeal release in one. The length of resection was 1.5 to 5.0 on A total of 41 patients(74.5%) had good(24 patients) or satisfactory(17 patients) results. But in ten cases, the restenosis of anastomosis site which is the most common complication was developed Two of them underwent a second reconstruction and 8 patients required T-tube insertion for airway maintenance. Three patients(5.4%) died. The causes of death were tracheo-innominate artery fistula(2) and sudden obstruction of airway(1).

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.40-48
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• 2021

Content-Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) system plays a vital role to retrieve the relevant images as per the user perception from the huge database is a challenging task. Images are represented is to employ a combination of low-level features as per their visual content to form a feature vector. To reduce the search time of a large database while retrieving images, a novel image retrieval technique based on feature dimensionality reduction is being proposed with the exploit of metaheuristic optimization techniques based on Genetic Algorithm (GA), Extended Binary Cuckoo Search (EBCS) and Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA). Each image in the database is indexed using a feature vector comprising of fuzzified based color histogram descriptor for color and Median binary pattern were derived in the color space from HSI for texture feature variants respectively. Finally, results are being compared in terms of Precision, Recall, F-measure, Accuracy, and error rate with benchmark classification algorithms (Linear discriminant analysis, CatBoost, Extra Trees, Random Forest, Naive Bayes, light gradient boosting, Extreme gradient boosting, k-NN, and Ridge) to validate the efficiency of the proposed approach. Finally, a ranking of the techniques using TOPSIS has been considered choosing the best feature selection technique based on different model parameters.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.11-17
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• 2021

Head and neck cancer is the 6^th most frequently diagnosed solid tumor in the world. Alcohol consumption, smoking, and HPV infection are associated with the incidence of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Although a multidisciplinary approach is a key strategy for the treatment of locally advanced HNSCC, systemic therapy is the mainstream of recurrent or metastatic HNSCC treatment. Stage IV HNSCC has a relatively poor prognosis with median overall survival of around one year. There have been many clinical trials to investigate the efficacy of target agents in the treatment of HNSCC. In the HPV-negative HNSCC, TP53 and CDKN2A are the most commonly mutated genes. In the HPV-positive HNSCC, the PI3K pathway is frequently altered. EGFR, PI3K, cell cycle pathway, MET, HRAS, and IL6/JAK/STAT pathway are explored targets in HNSCC. In this study, we review the target pathways and agents under research. We also introduce here umbrella trials of recurrent or metastatic HNSCC conducted by the Korea Cancer Study Group. The combination of target agents with immune checkpoint inhibitors or cytotoxic chemotherapies would be a future step in the precision medicine of HNSCC treatment.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.477-487
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• 2021

This study focuses on the influence of strong ground motion duration on the response and collapse probability of reinforced concrete walls with a predominant response in flexure. Walls with different height and mass were used to account for a broad spectrum of configurations and fundamental periods. The walls were designed following the specifications of the Chilean design code. Non-linear models of the reinforced concrete walls using a distributed plasticity approach were performed in OpenSees and calibrated with experimental data. Special attention was put on modeling strength and stiffness degradation. The effect of duration was isolated using spectrally equivalent ground motions of long and short duration. In order to assess the behavior of the RC shear walls, incremental dynamic analyses (IDA) were performed, and fragility curves were obtained using cumulative and non-cumulative engineering demand parameters. The spectral acceleration at the fundamental period of the wall was used as the intensity measure (IM) for the IDAs. The results show that the long duration ground motion set decreases the average collapse capacity in walls of medium and long periods compared to the results using the short duration set. Also, it was found that a lower median intensity is required to achieve moderate damage states in the same medium and long period wall models. Finally, strength and stiffness degradation are important modelling parameters and if they are not included, the damage in reinforced concrete walls may be greatly underestimated.

• Korean Journal of Artificial Intelligence
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.17-24
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• 2023

With the continuous growth in the amount of data collected and analyzed, deep learning has become increasingly popular for extracting meaningful insights from various fields. However, hardware limitations pose a challenge for achieving meaningful results with limited data. To address this challenge, this paper proposes an algorithm that leverages the characteristics of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to reduce the size of image datasets by 20% through smoothing and shrinking the size of images using color elements. The proposed algorithm reduces the learning time and, as a result, the computational load on hardware. The experiments conducted in this study show that the proposed method achieves effective learning with similar or slightly higher accuracy than the original dataset while reducing computational and time costs. This color-centric dataset construction method using image smoothing techniques can lead to more efficient learning on CNNs. This method can be applied in various applications, such as image classification and recognition, and can contribute to more efficient and cost-effective deep learning. This paper presents a promising approach to reducing the computational load and time costs associated with deep learning and provides meaningful results with limited data, enabling them to apply deep learning to a broader range of applications.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.11-18
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• 2012

Background: The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical and rhythm outcomes of atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation through a port access approach compared with sternotomy in patients with AF associated with mitral valve diseases. Materials and Methods: From February 2006 through December 2009, 135 patients underwent biatrial AF ablation with a mitral operation via either a port-access approach (n=78, minimally invasive cardiac surgery [MICS] group) or a conventional sternotomy (n=57, sternotomy group). To adjust for the differences in the two groups' baseline characteristics, a propensity score analysis was performed. Results: After adjustment, there were no significant differences in the two groups' baseline profiles. The cardiopulmonary bypass time was significantly longer (p=0.045) in the MICS group ($176.0{\pm}49.5$ minutes) than the sternotomy group ($150.0{\pm}51.9$ minutes). There were no significant differences (p=0.31) in the two groups' rate of reoperation for bleeding (MICS=6 vs. sternotomy=2, p=0.47) or the requirement for permanent pacing (MICS=1 vs. sternotomy=3). The major event-free survival rates at two years were $87.4{\pm}8.1%$ in the MICS group and $89.6{\pm}5.8%$ in the sternotomy group (p=0.92). Freedom from late AF at 2 years was $86.8{\pm}6.2%$ in the MICS group and $85.0{\pm}6.9%$ in the sternotomy group (p=0.86). Conclusion: Both the port-access approach and sternotomy showed tolerable clinical outcomes following biatrial AF ablation with mitral valve surgery.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.83 no.3
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• pp.658-668
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• 2022

Purpose To evaluate the effectiveness of the transradial artery approach (TRA) for treating malfunctioning arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) in patients on hemodialysis. Materials and Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted in this single-center study of TRA endovascular procedures in 73 patients (43 male and 30 female; mean age of 67.4 years (range, 42-92 years) with malfunctioning AVFs, between January 2008 and April 2019. Patients' baseline and lesion characteristics, technical and clinical success, and complications were evaluated, and functional patency was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results Radial artery approaches were successful in all patients. Angioplasty performed using the TRA achieved technical and clinical success rates of 98.6%(72/73) and 91.7%(67/73), respectively. The median primary patency time was 18.8 ± 15.9 months. The primary functional patency rates at 3, 6, and 12 months were 82.1%, 68.6%, and 63.9%, respectively. There were no major complications or adverse events, such as hand ischemia, related to the radial artery approach. Conclusion In selected cases, the TRA can be used complementary to the transvenous approach to treat malfunctioning AVFs.