• Transactions of the KSME C: Technology and Education
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.175-181
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• 2015

Because internal space of combat vehicle reachs about $80^{\circ}C$ at high temperature period, Proximity Sensor exposed high temperature and humidity, which has function to sense the distance and transfer signal for control unit, have enlarged sensing distance and finally locked on. Malfunction of sensing itself occur frequently, therefore we carried out cause analysis and improvement. We accomplish improvement activity secondly. Through-out many trial and error, we find out that malfunction of sensor occur at high temperature circumstance. To improve, the another Emitter Coil is added to increase voltage difference and improve sensing accuracy about 5~10 times. And we accomplish design improvement to dull temperature and humity change after increasing molding surface to add vibration and shock resistance. We prove that the improved product do not fail after enduring 136hr at $85^{\circ}C$ temperature and 85% relative humidity circumstance chamber.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.3 no.6
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• pp.821-838
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• 2012

This paper proposes a new three-layer pillar-type hysteretic damper system for residential houses. The proposed vibration control system has braces, upper and lower frames and a damper unit including hysteretic dampers. The proposed vibration control system supplements the weaknesses of the previously proposed post-tensioning vibration control system in the damping efficiency and cumbersomeness of introducing a post-tension. The structural variables employed in the damper design are the stiffness ratio ${\kappa}$, the ductility ratio ${\mu}_a$, and the ratio ${\beta}$ of the damper's shear force to the maximum resistance. The hysteretic dampers are designed so that they exhibit the targeted damping capacity at a specified response amplitude. Element tests of hysteretic dampers are carried out to examine the mechanical property and to compare its restoring-force characteristic with that of the analytical model. Analytical studies using an equivalent linearization method and time-history response analysis are performed to investigate the damping performance of the proposed vibration control system. Free vibration tests using a full-scale model are conducted in order to verify the damping capacity and reliability of the proposed vibration control system. In this paper, the damping capacity of the proposed system is estimated by the logarithmic decrement method for the response amplitudes. The accuracy of the analytical models is evaluated through the comparison of the test results with those of analytical studies.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.243-256
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• 2017

Epoxy-coated reinforcing bars are widely used to protect the corrosion of the reinforcing bars in the RC elements under their in-service environments and external loads. In most field surveys, it was reported that the corrosion resistance of the epoxy-coated reinforcing bars is typically better than the uncoated bars. However, from the experimental tests conducted in the labs, it was reported that, under the same loads, the RC elements with epoxy-coated reinforcing bars had wider cracks than the elements reinforced with the ordinary bars. Although this conclusion may be true considering the bond reduction of the reinforcing bar due to the epoxy coating, the maximum service loads used in the experimental research may be a main reason. To answer these two phenomena, service performance of 15 RC beam specimens with uncoated and epoxy-coated reinforcements under different fatigue loads was experimentally studied. Influences of different coating thicknesses of the reinforcing bars, the fatigue load range and load upper limit as well as fatigue load cycles on the mechanical performance of RC test specimens are discussed. It is concluded that, for the test specimens subjected to the comparatively lower load range and load upper limit, adverse effect on the service performance of test specimens with thicker epoxy-coated reinforcing bars is negligible. With the increments of the coating thickness and the in-service loading level, i.e., fatigue load range, load upper limit and fatigue cycles, the adverse factor resulting from the thicker coating becomes noticeable.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.163-173
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• 2017

Structural health monitoring (SHM) of civil infrastructure using fiber Bragg grating sensor networks (FBGSNs) has received significant public attention in recent years. However, there is currently little research on the health-monitoring technology of high-piled wharfs in coastal ports using the fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor technique. The benefits of FBG sensors are their small size, light weight, lack of conductivity, resistance corrosion, multiplexing ability and immunity to electromagnetic interference. Based on the properties of high-piled wharfs in coastal ports and servicing seawater environment and the benefits of FBG sensors, the SHM system for a high-piled wharf in the Tianjin Port of China is devised and deployed partly using the FBG sensor technique. In addition, the health-monitoring parameters are proposed. The system can monitor the structural mechanical properties and durability, which provides a state-of-the-art mean to monitor the health conditions of the wharf and display the monitored data with the BIM technique. In total, 289 FBG stain sensors, 87 FBG temperature sensors, 20 FBG obliquity sensors, 16 FBG pressure sensors, 8 FBG acceleration sensors and 4 anode ladders are installed in the components of the back platform and front platform. After the installation of some components in the wharf construction site, the good signal that each sensor measures demonstrates the suitability of the sensor setup methods, and it is proper for the full-scale, continuous, autonomous SHM deployment for the high-piled wharf in the costal port. The South 27# Wharf SHM system constitutes the largest deployment of FBG sensors for wharf structures in costal ports to date. This deployment demonstrates the strong potential of FBGSNs to monitor the health of large-scale coastal wharf structures. This study can provide a reference to the long-term health-monitoring system deployment for high-piled wharf structures in coastal ports.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.849-864
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• 2019

One way to achieve sustainable construction is to reduce concrete consumption by use of more sustainable and higher strength concrete. Modern building codes do not cover the use of ultra-high strength concrete (UHSC) in the design of composite structures. Against such background, this paper investigates experimentally the mechanical properties of steel fibre-reinforced UHSC and then the structural behaviors of UHSC encased steel (CES) members under both concentric and eccentric compressions as well as pure bending. The effects of steel-fibre dosage and spacing of stirrups were studied, and the applicability of Eurocode 4 design approach was checked. The test results revealed that the strength of steel stirrups could not be fully utilized to provide confinement to the UHSC. The bond strength between UHSC and steel section was improved by adding the steel fibres into the UHSC. Reducing the spacing of stirrups or increasing the dosage of steel fibres was beneficial to prevent premature spalling of the concrete cover thus mobilize the steel section strength to achieve higher compressive capacity. Closer spacing of stirrups and adding 0.5% steel fibres in UHSC enhanced the post-peak ductility of CES columns. It is concluded that the code-specified reduction factors applied to the concrete strength and moment resistance can account for the loss of load capacity due to the premature spalling of concrete cover and partial yielding of the encased steel section.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.273-278
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• 2012

$ZrB_2$ has a melting temperature of $3245^{\circ}C$ and a low density of $6.1\;g/cm^3$, which makes this a candidate for application to ultra-high temperature over $2000^{\circ}C$. Beside these properties, $ZrB_2$ has excellent resistance to thermal shock and oxidation compared with other non-oxide engineering ceramics. This paper reviewed briefly 2 research examples, which are related to densification and properties of $ZrB_2$-based ceramics for ultra-high temperature applications. In the first section, the effect of $B_4C$ addition on the densification and properties of $ZrB_2$-based ceramics is shown. $ZrB_2$-20 vol.% SiC system was selected as a basic composition and $B_4C$ or C was added to this system in some extents. With sintered bodies, densification behavior and hightemperature (up to $1400^{\circ}C$) properties such as bending strength and hardness are examined. In the second section, the effect of the SiC size on the microstructures and physical properties is shown. $ZrB_2$-SiC ceramics are fabricated by using various SiC sources in order to investigate the grain-growth inhibition and the mechanical/thermal properties of $ZrB_2$-SiC.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.3 no.4 s.10
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• pp.105-116
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• 2001

This study was performed to evaluate the characteristics of waste foundry sand (WFS) and the asphalt mixture made of a foundry waste sand. To estimate the applicability of WFS, chemical and physical properties were measured by XRF(X-ray fluorescent), and SEM(Scanning electronic microfilm). To improve the stripping resistance of WFS asphalt mixture, anti-stripping agents (a hydrated lime and a liquid anti-stripping agent) were used. To improve tensile properties and durability of WFS asphalt concrete mixture, LDPE(low-density polyethylene) was used as an asphalt modifier Marshall mix design, indirect tensile strength, tensile strength ratio(TSR) after freezing and thawing, moisture susceptibility and wheel tracking tests were carried out to evaluate performance of WFS asphalt concrete. Comparing with conventional asphalt concrete, WFS asphalt concretes showed similar or the better qualify in mechanical properties, and satisfied all specification limits. Therefore, it Is concluded that waste foundry sand can be recycled as an asphalt pavement material.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.43-49
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• 2002

A7003 alloy has characteristics of their excellent weldability, high corrosion resistance and superior plastic working however the broadening of application for the alloy has been hampered by the lower extrudability associated by Mg content. For improvement of extrudability and enhanced recovery efficiency during Al scrap recyeling, it has been generally practiced to reduce Mg content in A7003 alloy. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the influence of Mg content on mechanical strength and extrudability of A7003 alloy. For efficient material processing which has small amounts, life cycle assessment in material processing(MLCA) is evaluated. The quantitative analysis of energy requirements and $CO_2$ emission for production of A7003 extruded bar are estimated with different Mg content and billet pre-heating process (heating source by light oil or LPG). In particular, the estimation of energy requirements was performed within shipping and gating range (except the mining and extraction stages)to investigate the influence of the variables on energy requirements and $CO_2$ emission in detail. As Mg content increased, the flow stress and the extrusion pressure for A7003 alloy increased. It has been thought that an increment in extrusion pressure with increasing Mg content is caused by the solid solution hardening of Mg atoms in the matrix and increment in volume fraction of intermetallic compound, $Mg_2Si$. The extrudability and the tensile strength are equal to, or above that of conventional A 7003 alloy even the content of Mg varied from $1.1wt.\%\;to\;0.5wt.\%$ alloy. This means that minimizing the content of Mg in A7003 alloy can enhance recovery efficiency during Al scrap recycling. It can be quoted that rather than Mg content energy source for billet heating is a prime factor to determine the atmospheric $CO_2$ emission.

• Proceedings of the KWS Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.39-39
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• 2010

최근 자동차 산업에서는 차체의 무게를 감소시켜 연비향상과 배기가스의 양을 줄이려는 목적으로 고강도 강재의 차체 적용이 증가하고 있다. 또한 다른 여러 산업에서도 두께 감소를 통한 경량화를 위해 고강도 강재가 사용되고 있다. 고강도 강재를 자동차 차체에 적용하면서 용접성에 대한 새로운 문제가 제기 되고 있으며 그 중 자동차 생산라인에서 차체의 조립공정의 대부분을 차지하는 저항 점 용접에 대한 연구가 중요한 이슈가 되고 있다. 이러한 고강도 강재의 저항 점 용접의 문제점으로는 잦은 날림발생을 들 수 있다. 이는 강도의 증가에 따른 비저항 증가와 필요 가압력의 증가로 인해 입열에 의한 가압부의 소성변형이 쉽게 발생하기 때문이다. 이를 방지하기 위해 현재 다단가압, 다단전류제어 등의 기법들이 시도되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 저항 점 용접의 펄스전류 파형설계를 통해 고강도강 용접의 날림발생을 저감하고자 하였다. 실험소재로는 Al-Si 도금의 1.5GPa 급 강재를 사용하였고 실험조건으로는 기존 로브곡선에서 날림이 발생하는 용접조건을 사용하였다. On/Off 방식의 펄스전류를 이용하여 On/Off 시간에 따른 용접성을 평가하여 이를 기존 용접성과 비교하였다. 또한 펄스전류 파형에 따른 입열과 냉각의 변화와 날림발생에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.600-627
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• 2016

Korea is one of the countries with a large veterinary antibiotics market, although antimicrobial resistance in bacteria is becoming a serious issue in many countries. The Korean government started to take interest in estimating the effects of livestock manure on rivers and agricultural soils and in monitoring of heavy metals, organic pollutants and antibiotics in the ambient water and soil. In this paper, pre-treatment methods to separate the selected antibiotics from solid samples were reviewed. It is essential to select an efficient and appropriate procedure for pre-treatment due to the high proportion of proteins and organics in biosolid samples. Pre-treatment consists of extraction followed by clean-up. Initially, homogenized samples were extracted by sonication, mechanical agitation or pressurized liquid extraction with methanol/acetonitrile/water mixture under acidic/basic conditions depending on the compound. However, aminoglycosides and colistin were extracted with 5% trichloroacetic acid and HCl, respectively. Since the ${\beta}-lactams$ are easily decomposed in acidic and basic conditions, they were extracted in neutral pH. Filtration with a membrane (pore size, $0.2{\mu}m$) or solid phase extraction with HLB and methanol, as eluents, was normally applied for the clean-up. At least, three different pre-treatment procedures should be adopted to screen all the selected antibiotics in solid samples.