• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.486-491
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• 2004

A comparative study on the implant screw loosening under the initial clamping force and cyclic loads was conducted. The experiments were performed to evaluate the screw loosening behavior of the internal and external implant systems. It was found that the screw loosening torques of implant systems were significantly affected by the way how the abutment and fixture were connected due to the difference in the load transfer mechanism between abutment and fixture.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.136-143
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• 2021

This paper presents the loosening behavior that occurs after the application of an external load to internal and external connection types of dental implants using the finite element method. We use fastening force between an abutment and a fixture to clamp the dental implant system; however, loosening and breakage may occur owing to cyclic external loads. In this study, we considered the initial fastening condition in the pre-load analysis and then investigated the change in stress and contact surface status when applying external loads. After the application of the initial fastening load, we verified that the internal connection-type model exhibited a relatively lower stress distribution than that of the external connection-type one. Moreover, we found that the former model showed a lower stress concentration after the application of the external load. In addition, after the application of this load, we found that the higher the shear load acting on the implant system, the higher the possibility of loosening. The study results showed the change in stress distribution and contact surface according to the connection type of the dental implants and the phenomenon of loosening by cyclic loads. We expect that the results of this study will be useful for the study of reliability and design of dental implant systems.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.33 no.9
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• pp.769-775
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• 2016

Currently, dental implants are widely used as artificial teeth due to their good chewing performance and long life cycle. Generally, a dental implant consists of an abutment as the upper part and a fixture as the lower part. When chewing forces are repeatedly applied to a dental implant, a gap is often generated at the interfacial surface between the abutment and the fixture, and it results in some deterioration such as loosening of the fastening screw, dental retraction and fixture fracture. To enhance the sealing performance for coping with such problems, this study proposes a new sealing-type abutment having a number of grooves along the conical surface circumference, and it carries out finite element analysis in consideration of the external chewing force and pretension between the abutment and the fixture. The result shows that the proposed sealing-type abutment shows an enhanced sealing performance in terms of the contact pressure in comparison with a conventional abutment.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.197-206
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• 2006

Statement of problem: One of common problems associated with single teeth dental implant prosthetic is the loosening of screws that retain the implants. Purpose: The maintenance of screw joint stability is considered a function of the preload achieved in the screw when the suggested initial tightening torque is applied. The purpose of this study was to investigate acquired preload after initial clamping torque for estimating screw joint stability. Material and methods: A comparative study on the effect of initial clamping of two types of implant systems with different connections was conducted Three dimensional non-linear finite element analysis is adopted to compare the characteristics of screw preloads and stress distributions between two different types of implant systems composed with abutment, screw, and fixture under the same loading and boundary conditions. Results: 1. When the initial clamping torque of 32Ncm was applied to the implant systems, all types of implants generated the maximum effective stress at the first helix region of screw. 2. Morse taper connection types of implants generate lower stress distributions compared to those by butt joint connection types or implants due to large contact surface between abutment and fixture. 3. The internal types of implant systems with friction grip type implant systems have higher resistance to screw loosening than that of the external types of implant systems since the internal types of implant systems generated larger preload than that generated by the external types for the same tightening moments.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.338-351
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• 2005

Statement of problem. Accurate fit between the implant components is important because the misfit of the implant components results in frequent screw loosening, irreversible screw fracture, plaque accumulation, poor soft tissue reaction, and destruction of osseointegration. Purpose. This study is to evaluate the machining accuracy and consistency of the implant fixture/ abutment/screw interfaces of the internal connection system by using a Stereoscopic Zoom microscope and FE-SEM(field emission scanning electron microscope) Materials and methods. The implant systems selected in this study were internal connection type implants from AVANA(Osstem^{\circledR}), Bioplant(Cowell-Medi^{\circledR}), Dio(DIO^{\circledR}), Neoplant(Neobiotech 􀋓), Implantium(Dentium􀋓)systems. Each group was acquired 2 fixtures at random. Two piece type abutment and one piece type abutment for use with each implant system were acquired. Screw were respectively used to hold a two piece type abutment to a implant fixture. The implant fixtures were perpendiculary mounted in acrylic resin block. Each two piece abutment was secured to the implant fixture by screw and one piece abutment also secured to the implant fixture. Abutment/fixture assembly were mounted in liquid unsaturated polyester. All samples were cross-sectioned with grinder-polisher unit. Finally all specimens were analysed the fit between implant fixture/abutment/screw interfaces Results and conclusions. 1. Implant fixture/abutment/screw connection interfaces of internal connection systems made in Korea were in good condition. 2. The results of the above study showed that materials and mechanical properties and quality of milling differed depending on their manufacturing companies.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.97-103
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• 2016

When chewing forces are repetitively applied to a dental implant, gaps are often generated at the interface surfaces between the abutment and the fixture, which results in some deterioration, such as loosening of the fastening screw, dental retraction, and fixture fractures. To cope with such problems, a sealing-type abutment having a number of grooves along the conical-surface circumference was previously developed, and it showed better sealing performance than conventional ones. To enhance the sealing performance, a new model in which a gold ring is inserted into the top groove of the sealing-type abutment is developed in this study. In addition, a manufacturing process is developed, and performance evaluations, such as fatigue and sealing tests, are carried out. The evaluation results show that the gold-ring-inserted sealing abutment yields better performance than conventional ones.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.24-30
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• 2018

Dental implants are currently widely used as artificial teeth due to their good chewing performance and long life cycle. A dental implant consists of an abutment as the upper part and a fixture as the lower part. When chewing forces are repeatedly applied to a dental implant, gap at the interface surface between the abutment and the fixture is often occurred, and results in some deteriorations such as loosening of fastening screw, dental retraction and fixture fracture. To cope with such problems, a sealing-type abutment having a number of grooves along the conical-surface circumference was previously developed, and shows better sealing performance than the conventional one. This study carries out optimization of the groove shape by genetic algorithm(GA) as well as structural analysis in consideration of external chewing force and pretension between the abutment and the fixture. The overall optimization system consists of two subsystems; the one is the genetic algorithm with MATLAB, and the other is the structural analysis with ANSYS. Two subsystems transmit and receive the relevant data with each other throughout the optimization processes. The optimization result is then compared with that of the conventional one with respect to the contact pressure and the maximum stress. The result shows that the optimized model gives better sealing performance than the conventional sealing abutment.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.43-48
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• 2023

The biocompatibility and durability of implant fixtures are major concerns for dentists and patients. Mechanical complications of the implant include abutment screw loosening, screw fracture, loss of implant prostheses, and implant fracture. This case report aims to describe management of a case of fixture damage that occurred after screw fracture in a tissue level, internal connection implant and microscopic evaluation of the fractured fixture. A trephine bur was used to remove the fixture, and the socket was grafted using allogeneic bone material. The failed implant was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), which revealed a fractured fixture with both normal and irregular bone patterns. The SEM and EDS results give an enlightenment of the failed fixture surface micromorphology with microfracture and contaminated chemical compositions. Noticeably, the significantly high level of gold (Au) on the implant surface and the trace amounts of Au and titanium (Ti) in the bone tissue were recorded, which might have resulted from instability and micro-movement of the implant-abutment connection over an extended period of time. Further study with larger number of patient and different types of implants is needed for further conclusion.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.60-66
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• 2015

Screw loosening and screw fracture of abutment is one of most frequent mechanical complications in implant restoration. Fractured fragments in implant restoration like abutment and screw should be completely removed and the procedure needs minimal damage to the fixture of implant. In some cases, it could fail to remove fractured fragments and cause a lot of damage to the fixture of implant. These situations could render implant unusable at the worst. This article describes three different situations and simple techniques for successful removal of fractured fragments without damage of implants. The procedures used are described in this clinical report.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.65-70
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• 2021

Purpose. Implant mechanical complications, including screw loosening, can influence dental implant success. It has been shown that torque values are affected by contamination occurred in implant-abutment (I/A) interface. This study aimed to examine the effects of blood, saliva, fluoride and chlorhexidine contamination on reverse torque values (RTVs) of abutment screws in oral conditions. Materials and Methods. 50 fixtures were mounted into the stainless-steel holders and divided into five groups (n = 10). Except control group (NC), fixture screw holes in other groups were contaminated with chlorhexidine (CG), saliva (SG), blood (BG), or fluoride (FG). Abutment screws were tightened with a digital torque meter. I/A assemblies were subjected to thermocycling and cyclic loading. The mean RTVs were recorded and data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA and Tukey test. Results. Except for specimens in SG (20.56 ± 1.33), other specimens in BG (21.11 ± 1.54), CG (22.89 ± 1.1) and FG (24.00 ± 1.12) displayed significantly higher RTVs compared to NC (19.00 ± 1.87). The highest RTVs were detected in CG and FG. Conclusion. The obtained data robustly suggest that RTVs were significantly affected by fluid contaminations. Specimens in FG and CG displayed the highest RTVs. Therefore, clinicians should have enough knowledge about probable contaminations in I/A interface in order to manage them during clinical procedure and to inform patients about using oral care products.