• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.113-120
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• 2006

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical characteristics of classic heat stroke in Korea and to identify factors of prognosis for heat stroke by comparing a survival group with a non-survival group. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 27 patients with heat stroke who visited the Emergency Department of Kyungpook National University Hospital from March 2001 to February 2005. First, we divided the patients into two groups, the classic heat stroke group and the exertional heat stroke group, and compared them. Second, we compared the survival group with the non-survival group. Age, sex, cause, place where patients were found, underlying diseases, cooling time, performance of endotracheal intubation, initial Glasgow Coma Scale, initial vital sign, and laboratory findings were reviewed. Results: Five of 27 patients in heat stroke died. The classic heat stroke group had 20 patients. They were old and had more patients in the bathroom than the exertional heat stroke group had. The non-survival group showed lower blood pressure, lower initial GCS score, and higher respiratory rate than the survival group. In laboratory findings, the non-survival group also showed lower$HCO_3-$ level, lower albumin level, lower glucose level, more prolonged PT, and higher CK-MB level than the survival group. Delay in recognition of heat stroke and cooling were poor prognostic factors in heat stroke. Conclusion: The classic heat stroke group had patients who were old and found in the bathroom. Early recognition and treatment of heat stroke is important to reduce mortality. Cooling time, initial GCS score, mean arterial pressure, resipratory rate, $HCO_3-$, PT, CK-MB, and albumin seem to be meaningful when forming a prognosis for heat stroke patients.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.33 no.8
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• pp.1100-1106
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• 2009

Recently, there are quite a lot of attention is drown on the researches related to of Miller method applied high expansion cycle. For this study, high expansion cycles are formed and analyzed with the base view point of thermodynamics, and the features of each factors are also investigated. As a result of analysis, the expansion-compression ratio is expected with a decrease of effective compression ratio as intake valve closing time retarded, however, the decrease of mean effective pressure and its output is accompanied with the counterflow of intake air. Accordingly, as the consequence of such failure, it is expected that an alternative is needed for the realization of high expansion cycles, and the improvement over thermal efficiency. To materialize such cycle, the control system to delay the closing time of intake valve was designed and VVT, the 3 S/B low speed diesel engine, is applied to evaluate the efficiency. The result of the trial shows that there was no significant errors.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.8-15
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• 2020

In this paper, we propose a frame synchronization algorithm for robust to the combined effects of large Doppler fluctuations and extended, time-varying multipath in the underwater acoustic communication. From the algorithm, we can recover a high timing error which is occurred from an acoustic propagation delay and uncertainty of oscillator between transmitter and receiver. In order to verify the performance of the synchronization algorithm, the lake trial results are used. The lake experiments are performed in a Gyeongcheonho located in Mungyeong-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do. We can see that the start position of frame is adjusted after the frame synchronization while the receiver moving.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.19-38
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• 2002

To evaluate the effects of transportation system operation, usually measures of effectiveness(MOE) such as travel time, space mean speed, stop/delay ratio have been used. But, energy consumption as well as the existing MOE in transportation receives more attention as an alternative MOE in transportation operation. The purpose of this study is a development of procedure, which could measure the relative energy consumption for each alternative and compare the results. A mesoscopic simulator called INTEGRATION is used to evaluate the operation of high occupancy vehicle lane, signal optimization, lane expansion, and the application of ITS. Among those, the application of ITS shows the greatest effectiveness in energy reduction, and then lane expansion, signal optimization, and the operation of high occupancy vehicle lane in the order named. Because we don't consider the characteristics of vehicle class, Potential demand and the simulation time is just for an hour. it is recommended that a procedure for precise economic analysis and an improvement in methodology are needed in the future for the expanded application of this study.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.439-446
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• 2020

Purpose: The evidence for an association between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and obesity is conflicting. Therefore, we set out to review the body mass index (BMI) at presentation of IBD to understand if the rise of the obesity rate in the general population, lead to an increase of obesity in patients with IBD at the time of diagnosis. Methods: Retrospective review of all patients with IBD seen at Children's Hospital and Medical Center from January 1st 2010 to December 31st 2014. From the initial visit and endoscopy, we obtained: age; sex; BMI; disease phenotype; disease severity. Results: We had a total of 95 patients, 35 patients were excluded due to incomplete data or referral being made after diagnosis was made. 28 were males and 32 were females, Age range was 2-17 years. A 37 had Crohn's disease, 19 ulcerative colitis, and 4 indeterminate colitis. Disease severity in 19 cases was mild, 29 moderate and 12 severe. BMI distribution was as follows-obese (5.0%), overweight (6.7%), normal weight (65.0%), mild malnutrition (8.3%), moderate malnutrition (15.0%), severe malnutrition (1.7%). Conclusion: Our data is consistent with other series. Showing most children had a normal BMI, regardless of disease severity or phenotypes. One confounding factor is the possibility of delay in referral to GI. This could mean some obese children may fall in the normal BMI range at the time of diagnosis due to ongoing weight loss. Future studies should include prospective cohort studies, comparing incidence of IBD in obese and non-obese patients, severity at presentation, duration of symptoms, and clinical outcomes.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.57-62
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• 2016

Purpose: We used technetium-99m dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) scintigraphy to identify factors predictive of renal cortical defects in infants <3 months of age with urinary tract infections (UTIs). Methods: We retrospectively reviewed data on infants <3 months of age with culture-proven UTIs treated at a single center from March 2010 to February 2016. Blood samples were obtained for laboratory evaluation prior to commencement of antibiotic therapy. The therapeutic delay time (TDT) and therapeutic response time (TRT) were recorded. All patients were divided into two groups depending on features of their DMSA scans. We compared the demographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics of the two groups. Results: A total of 119 infants (94 males and 25 females; mean age, $56.9{\pm}21.3days$) were included. Cortical defects were evident in the DMSA scans of 47 cases (39.5%). In infants with such defects, the peak temperatures ($38.9{\pm}0.57^{\circ}C$ vs. $38.4{\pm}0.81^{\circ}C$, P=0.001), the absolute neutrophil counts ($8,920{\pm}4,460/mm$ vs. $7,290{\pm}4,090/mm$, P=0.043), and the C-reactive protein (CRP) levels ($6.49{\pm}4.33mg/dL$ vs. $3.21{\pm}2.81mg/dL$, P=0.001) were significantly higher than those in infants without cortical defects. The TDT was also longer in those with cortical defects (P=0.037). Conclusion: We found that a TDT ${\geq}8.5hr$ (odds ratio [OR] 5.81), a peak temperature ${\geq}38.3^{\circ}C$ (OR 6.19), and a CRP level ${\geq}4.96mg/dL$ (OR 7.26) predicted abnormal DMSA scan results in infants <3 months of age with UTIs.

• Architectural research
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.203-210
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• 2014

The packaged terminal air conditioner, the typical cooling system for the residential buildings, consumes a large amount of electricity in a short period time during peak hours. In order to reduce the peak load and conserve the electricity, the thermally activated building system can be used as a secondary system to handle the partial cooling load. However, the thermally activated building system may cause condensation and under-cooling. Thus, design of both systems should be performed with careful investigation in characteristics of both systems to amplify the advantages. Since the thermally activated building system has the time-delay effect which may cause under-cooling, the system is designed to handle the base load of the building. Hence, simple simulation with EnergyPlus was performed to observe the characteristics of cooling load in residential buildings. Once the possible range of the load handling ratio of the thermally activated building system was decided, characteristics of system was analyzed in terms of hardware component and operation parameters. The hardware components were analyzed in plant and system aspects and the operation parameter was evaluated in the thermal comfort aspect. As the load handling ratio increased, the thermal comfort increased due to the lower radiant mean temperatures. Within the range of thermal comfort, the several adjustments were made in setpoint temperature and electricity consumptions of difference cases were observed to decide which components and parameters were important for designing the systems.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.265-274
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• 2019

Delayed arrival of blood samples from the field and a large number of samples delivered often causes delay in sample analysis leading to inaccurate measurements. Therefore, this study aimed to assess whether prolonged storage in refrigerator could influence the stability of cattle blood samples and to establish an optimal time limit for complete blood count (CBC) parameters and blood gas and electrolyte (BGE) parameters analyses. Samples collected from healthy cows were tested immediately for CBC and BGE using automated hematology, blood gas and electrolyte analyzers. Samples were kept in refrigerator at 4℃ and analyzed after 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, 120 h, and 192 h of storage. Mean differences between observations were assessed at 5% significance level using ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range test. Total CBC parameters and the platelet profile remained stable for 192 h, except for MCHC. Among leukocyte-related counts, NEU and EOS remained stable for 192 hours. WBC and LYM, and MONO values produced inconsistent measurements which recovered its initial measurement after 12 h and 24 h of storage, respectively, then remained stable until 120 h. Among the blood gas indices, PCO₂, PO₂, tCO₂, and BE showed declining and significant changes over time, but pH, tHb, and SO₂ remained stable for 192 h. Electrolyte status in the blood showed that ions are unstable and tend to change in as early as 6 h of storage. This study established that cattle blood specimens for CBC analysis can be stored for 120 h at 4℃, but specimens for BGE analyses must be tested within 6 to 24 h.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.14
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• pp.5983-5986
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• 2015

Background: Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D insufficiency is very common in Pakistan and is often related to inferior prognosis in some cancers but limited data exist for hematopoietic malignancies. This study was conducted to determine the vitamin D insufficiency in B-chronic lymphoid leukemia (CLL) cases at the time of presentation and its possible correlation with clinical staging, hematological parameters and biochemical markers. Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross sectional study was carried at Liaquat National Hospital from January 2011 to June 2013. Sixty patients with B-chronic lymphoid leukemia were enrolled. Complete blood count, vitamin D levels, serum urea, creatinine, uric acid and LDH levels were assessed. Data were compiled and analyzed using SPSS version 21. Results: Out of 60 patients, 42 (70%) were male and 18 (30%) were female. Mean age was $59.0{\pm}9.2years$. The frequency of vitamin D insufficiency was found to be 56.7%. Overall insufficiency was more frequently seen in male gender (40%). Vitamin D insufficiency demonstrated a positive association with low lactate dehydrogenase levels (P=0.005). No links were established with age, clinical stage, hematological and other biochemical markers. Conclusions: Vitamin D insufficiency is high compared with Western studies. Whether normalization of vitamin D insufficiency in deficient B-CLL patients could improve the clinical outcome or delay disease progression will require further studies.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.1211-1216
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• 2000

Asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) can be efficiently used to transport packet data services. The switching system will support voice and packet data services simultaneously from end to end applications. To guarantee quality of service (QoS) of the offered services, source rateot send packet data is needed to control the network overload condition. Most existing control algorithms are shown to provide the threshold-based feedback control technique. However, real-time voice calls can be dynamically connected and released during data services in the network. If the feedback control information delays, quality of the serviced voice can be degraded due to a time delay between source and destination in the high speed link. An adaptive algorithm based on the optimal least mean square error technique is presented for the predictive feedback control technique. The algorithm attempts to predict a future buffer size from weight (slope) adaptation of unknown functions, which are used fro feedback control. Simulation results are presented, which show the effectiveness of the algorithm.