• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
• /
• v.44 no.1
• /
• pp.56-63
• /
• 2007

In this paper, an eye tracking method is presented using a neural network (NN) and mean-shift algorithm that can accurately detect and track user's eyes under the cluttered background. In the proposed method, to deal with the rigid head motion, the facial region is first obtained using skin-color model and con-nected-component analysis. Thereafter the eye regions are localized using neural network (NN)-based tex-ture classifier that discriminates the facial region into eye class and non-eye class, which enables our method to accurately detect users' eyes even if they put on glasses. Once the eye region is localized, they are continuously and correctly tracking by mean-shift algorithm. To assess the validity of the proposed method, it is applied to the interface system using eye movement and is tested with a group of 25 users through playing a 'aligns games.' The results show that the system process more than 30 frames/sec on PC for the $320{\times}240$ size input image and supply a user-friendly and convenient access to a computer in real-time operation.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
• /
• v.37 no.3
• /
• pp.267-274
• /
• 2009

Recently, UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) are expected much as the Unmanned Systems for various missions. These missions are often based on the Vision System. Especially, missions such as surveillance and pursuit have a process which is carried on through the transmitted vision data from the UAV. In case of small UAVs, monocular vision is often used to consider weights and expenses. Research of missions performance using the monocular vision is continued but, actually, ground and target model have difference in distance from the UAV. So, 3D distance measurement is still incorrect. In this study, Mean-Shift Algorithm, Optical Flow and Subspace Method are posed to estimate the relative depth. Mean-Shift Algorithm is used for target tracking and determining Region of Interest (ROI). Optical Flow includes image motion information using pixel intensity. After that, Subspace Method computes the translation and rotation of image and estimates the relative depth. Finally, we present the results of this study using images obtained from the UAV experiments.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
• /
• 2007.10a
• /
• pp.461-462
• /
• 2007

Mean Shift 알고리즘은 매우 빠르며 실시간 추적이 가능하다는 장점을 지니지만 추적의 정확도와 관련하여 scale의 변화와 관련된 적응문제, model의 변화에 대한 적응 문제 등 여러 문제점을 지닌다. 따라서 시스템의 안전성을 보장하기 위해서는 추적 실패를 검출할 수 있는 별도의 검출 방법이 필요하다. 본 연구는 별도의 추가적인 연산 없이 Bhattacharyya coefficient의 변화를 추정하여 물체 추적 실패를 검출하는 방법을 제안한다. 또한 이를 실제 추적 시스템에 구현하여 실험하여 그 성능을 확인하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
• /
• 2017.06a
• /
• pp.89-90
• /
• 2017

본 논문에서는 평균이동 (mean shift) 기법을 이용하여 랜덤포레스트 (random forest) 기반 실시간 얼굴 특징점 추적 (facial features tracking) 방법을 제안한다. 우선, 눈의 위치를 이용하여 검출된 얼굴영역을 적절한 크기와 위치로 개선하여 랜덤포레스트를 이용한 얼굴 특징점 추적 알고리즘이 받는, 얼굴검출 (face detection) 과정에 얻어지는 얼굴영역 상자 (face bounding box) 크기와 위치의 영향을 감소 하였다. 또한 랜덤포레스트의 얼굴 특징점 추정결과에서 추정평균 대신 평균이동기법을 이용하여 잘못된 추정결과들을 제거하고 제대로 된 추정결과만 사용하여 얼굴 특징점 검출 정확도를 개선하였다. 따라서 제안하는 방법들을 이용하여 기존의 랜덤포레스트 기반 얼굴 특징점 검출 기법의 성능을 제고하고 실시간으로 얼굴 특징점을 추적할 수 있다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
• /
• 2006.06b
• /
• pp.337-339
• /
• 2006

이동 카메라 환경에서의 객체 추적은 배경과 객체의 동시 이동으로 인친 배경 모델링과 같은 고정 카메라 환경에서의 접근방법으로는 해결이 어려운 문제이다. 또한 다중 객체의 추적에서는 객체간 가려짐이 발생하는 상황에 대한 안정적 기법이 필수적으로 요구된다. 본 연구에서는 커널에 기반한 객체의 표현과 Mean shift 알고리즘을 통해 여러 명의 사람을 실시간으로 추적하고, 객체간의 공간 정보와 확률적 유사도에 기반한 객체간의 가려짐의 발생과 가려짐 후의 복원에 대한 방법을 제안하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
• /
• 2004.10b
• /
• pp.691-693
• /
• 2004

비디오 시퀀스에서의 객체 추적은 보안 및 감시 시스템(Security and surveillance system), 비디오 원격 회의(Video teleconferencing)등과 같이 컴퓨터 비전 응용 분야에 널리 이용되어, 정정 그 중요성이 증가하고 있다 여러 가지 이유로 인친 카메라 덜(View)로부터 객체의 가시 상태가 변하는 경우, 하나의 뷰만을 이용해서는 좋은 결과를 가지기 어렵기 때문에 본 논문에서는 객체가 가장 잘 나타나는 뷰를 선택해서 객체를 추적하는 방법을 제안한다. 각각의 카메라 뷰에서 객체를 추적하기 위해 본 논문에서는 다중 후보가 결합된 Mean-shift 알고리즘을 이용한다. 제안된 시스템의 경우, 복잡한 환경으로 인해 객체의 가시 상태가 변하는 환경에서 단일 뷰를 이용하는 경우와 비교해 더 나은 성능을 가질 수 있었다.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
• /
• v.42 no.6
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2005

In this paper, we propose a two-stage head tracking algorithm adequate for real-time active camera system having pan-tilt-zoom functions. In the color convergence stage, we first assume that the shape of a head is an ellipse and its model color histogram is acquired in advance. Then, the min-shift method is applied to roughly estimate a target position by examining the histogram similarity of the model and a candidate ellipse. To reflect the temporal change of object color and enhance the reliability of mean-shift based tracking, the target histogram obtained in the previous frame is considered to update the model histogram. In the updating process, to alleviate error-accumulation due to outliers in the target ellipse of the previous frame, the target histogram in the previous frame is obtained within an ellipse adaptively shrunken on the basis of the model histogram. In addition, to enhance tracking reliability further, we set the initial position closer to the true position by compensating the global motion, which is rapidly estimated on the basis of two 1-D projection datasets. In the subsequent stage, we refine the position and size of the ellipse obtained in the first stage by using shape information. Here, we define a robust shape-similarity function based on the gradient direction. Extensive experimental results proved that the proposed algorithm performs head hacking well, even when a person moves fast, the head size changes drastically, or the background has many clusters and distracting colors. Also, the propose algorithm can perform tracking with the processing speed of about 30 fps on a standard PC.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
• /
• v.15 no.6
• /
• pp.1132-1137
• /
• 2011

In this paper, we propose Modified Multi CAMShift Algorithm(Modified Multi Continuously Adaptive Mean Shift Algorithm) that extracts skin color area and tracks several human body parts for real-time human tracking system. Skin color area is extracted by filtering input image in predefined RGB value range. These areas are initial search windows of hands and face for tracking. Gaussian background model prevents search window expending because it restricts skin color area. Also when occluding between these areas, we give more weights in occlusion area and move mass center of target area in color probability distribution image. As result, the proposed algorithm performs better than the original CAMShift approach in multiple object tracking and even when occluding of objects with similar colors.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
• /
• v.12 no.8
• /
• pp.746-751
• /
• 2006

In this paper, we present tracking algorithm for the indoor moving object. We research passive method using a camera and image processing. It had been researched to use dynamic based estimators, such as Kalman Filter, Extended Kalman Filter and Particle Filter for tracking moving object. These algorithm have a good performance on real-time tracking, but they have a limit. If the shape of object is changed or object is located on complex background, they will fail to track them. This problem will need the complicated image processing algorithm. Finally, a large algorithm is made from integration of dynamic based estimator and image processing algorithm. For eliminating this inefficiency problem, image based estimator, Mean-shift Algorithm is suggested. This algorithm is implemented by color histogram. In other words, it decide coordinate of object's center from using probability density of histogram in image. Although shape is changed, this is not disturbed by complex background and can track object. This paper shows the results in real camera system, and decides 3D coordinate using the data from mean-shift algorithm and relationship of real frame and camera frame.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
• /
• v.34 no.6C
• /
• pp.593-603
• /
• 2009

In this paper, we propose a new integrated computer vision system designed to track multiple human beings and extract their silhouette with an active stereo camera. The proposed system consists of three modules: detection, tracking and silhouette extraction. Detection was performed by camera ego-motion compensation and disparity segmentation. For tracking, we present an efficient mean shift based tracking method in which the tracking objects are characterized as disparity weighted color histograms. The silhouette was obtained by two-step segmentation. A trimap is estimated in advance and then this was effectively incorporated into the graph cut framework for fine segmentation. The proposed system was evaluated with respect to ground truth data and it was shown to detect and track multiple people very well and also produce high quality silhouettes. The proposed system can assist in gesture and gait recognition in field of Human-Robot Interaction (HRI).